(89:;<=>?@AB2025-11-21 * xuwenyu@htfc.com 从业资格号：F0299877 投资咨询号：Z0011454 !"#$%&"'() *+,-./01121/34 5) !"#$% 11 月 20 日，美国劳工部公布数据显示，美国 9 月非农就业人口增加 11.9 万人，预期 5 万人；8 月新增就业人数由 2.2 万人修正为-0.4 万人；9 月失业率升至 4.4%，高于预期 的 4.3%。 &'"( !"#$%&'()* ——+,'(-./0! !"#$ 徐闻宇 ■ 9 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0+1234)56-7 请仔细阅读本报告最后一页的免责声明 宏观数据丨 2025/11/21 )*+,% # $%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFG8HIJKLM=NOPQR8 STFGUVWXYZ[\]^8_`=ab8()&'UVcdefJgLM=hijklmDEnopqrst uvwxy=qr01zOef8{8 | |}%% = ~ ! "#$%&' → ()*+,-./0 0 2 4 6 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 ...

广发证券资深宏观分析师 陈嘉荔 gfchenjiali@gf.com.cn 广发宏观郭磊团队 摘要 第一， 根据美国劳工部 11 月 20 日公布数据 。 9 月新增非农 11.9 万人，高于预期的 5 万人 ，亦远高于达拉斯联储 估算的 3 万人 / 月就业平衡水平（即每 个月使劳动力市场保持平衡的新增岗位数量）。 从趋势上看，这是自 5 月以来首次新增岗位明显反弹，反映就业并非线性弱化，前期疲软一定程度上和 4 月关税 一次性冲击有关。从结构上拆解，医疗保健（ +5.7 万人）、休闲酒店（ +4.7 万人）和建筑业（ +1.9 万）为主要贡献；交通和仓储（ -2.5 万人）、专业服务 （ -2.0 万人）、制造业（ -0.6 万人）为主要拖累。 7-8 月合计下修 3.3 万人。 第二， 住户调查数据略弱，失业率继续有所回升。9 月美国失业率（ U3 ）上升 0.12pct 至 4.44% ，为本轮高点（年初为 4.0% ， 2024 年初为 3.7% ）。 其中就业人口上升 25.1 万人，失业人口上升 21.9 万人，劳动力人口规模增加 47 万人。劳动参与率小幅上升 0.1pct 至 62.4% ， ...

教育保健和休闲酒店仍是主要支撑。 具体行业来看，9月新增就业集中于教育保健和休闲酒店业。多数行业新增就业增加，政府和建筑业新增就业较上月分别 增加了4.4万人和3.3万人。而运输仓储业和其他服务新增就业人数下降最多，分别减少了2.8万人和1.9万人。 失业率续创2021年年底以来新高。 9月失业率小幅上升0.1个百分点至4.4%，继续录得2021年底以来新高。失业率上升，主因9月劳动参与率回升0.1个百分点 至62.4%，显示重返劳动力市场的人增加。不过，就业率上升0.1个百分点。同时，U6失业率回落0.1个百分点至8%，边缘劳动力就业率企稳。综合来看，本月 就业市场有所企稳。 新增非农就业回升，薪资增速持平。 9月新增非农就业升至11.9万人，但前值再度小幅下修，与上次报告相比，7月和8月两个月合计共下调3.3万人。本月教育 保健和休闲酒店仍是新增就业的主要支撑，多数行业新增就业回升，其中政府和建筑业新增就业回升幅度最大。不过，随着接受递延辞职的联邦员工正式退 出，未来政府就业或将大幅下降。工资方面，9月时薪同比增速较上月持平。 失业率小幅上升。 9月失业率小幅上行至4.4%，劳动参与率回升或是主要原因，永 ...

Macroeconomic Outlook - Goldman Sachs updates China's wage growth index [1] - Near-term significant easing policies are less likely [1] - Expect incremental policies in the second half of the year [1]

Employment Data Summary - In June, the U.S. added 147,000 non-farm jobs, exceeding the expected 106,000[3] - The unemployment rate fell to 4.1%, lower than the expected 4.3% and previous value of 4.2%[3] - The average increase in non-farm jobs over the past three months is 150,000[3] Sector Analysis - Private sector job growth was 74,000, below the expected 100,000[3] - State and local government sectors added 80,000 jobs, with healthcare contributing 59,000 and leisure and hospitality adding 20,000, accounting for 96% of total job growth[3] - Manufacturing, wholesale trade, and federal government sectors each lost 7,000 jobs, indicating weaknesses in these areas[4] Unemployment Insights - The unemployment rate (U3) decreased from 4.24% to 4.12%, with the permanent unemployment rate dropping from 1.12% to 1.11%[4] - Initial jobless claims fell by 4,000 to 233,000, while continuing claims remained steady at 1.964 million[4] Labor Market Dynamics - The labor force participation rate was 62.3%, slightly below the expected 62.4%[7] - Job leavers contributed 0.07 percentage points to the unemployment rate, while other factors negatively impacted it[6] - The employment diffusion index fell below 50 for the second time since August 2024, indicating a slowdown in job growth[6] Wage Growth Trends - Average hourly earnings increased by 3.7% year-over-year, slightly below the expected 3.8%[7] - The Index of Aggregate Payrolls Private showed a year-over-year increase of 4.5%, down from 4.9% but still above the average of 4.8% for 2024[8] Federal Reserve Outlook - The likelihood of the Federal Reserve not lowering interest rates in July is high, with a 63.8% probability of a rate cut in September[8] - Strong employment data and policy stimulus have alleviated concerns about economic downturns, supporting risk assets[8]

Group 1 - The U.S. labor market shows short-term stickiness, with June non-farm payrolls increasing by 147,000, exceeding expectations of 106,000, and the unemployment rate falling to 4.1%, below the expected 4.3% and previous 4.2% [1][4][6] - Job creation is uneven, with private sector jobs increasing by 74,000, below the expected 100,000, while state and local government jobs added 80,000, and healthcare and leisure sectors contributed significantly to the total [5][6][8] - The transportation and warehousing sector saw an increase of 8,000 jobs, indicating active freight logistics, possibly linked to inventory replenishment in certain industries [5][6] Group 2 - The unemployment rate decreased from 4.24% to 4.12%, with the permanent unemployment rate also declining from 1.12% to 1.11% [2][6][7] - Initial jobless claims fell by 4,000 to 233,000, while continuing claims remained steady at 1.964 million, aligning with expectations [2][6] - The labor force participation rate decreased to 62.3%, indicating a potential decline in labor supply due to stricter immigration policies [8][9] Group 3 - Wage growth shows stickiness, with June hourly wages increasing by 3.7% year-on-year, slightly below the expected 3.8%, and a month-on-month increase of 0.2% [3][10] - The Index of Aggregate Payrolls Private for June showed a year-on-year increase of 4.5%, down from 4.9% previously, but still above the average of 4.8% for 2024 [10][11] - The overall wage growth supports consumer spending, particularly for lower-income groups, indicating resilience in the economy [10][11] Group 4 - The Federal Reserve is unlikely to cut interest rates in July, with a higher probability of a rate cut in September, influenced by strong employment data and market reactions to fiscal policies [11][12] - The market's concerns about economic hard landing and short-term rate cuts have significantly decreased, supporting risk assets [12][11] - The Fed Watch data indicates a 63.8% probability of a rate cut in September, down from 71.9% previously, reflecting market adjustments to recent economic data [11][12]

Employment Data Insights - Non-farm employment increased by 147,000 in June, surpassing the forecast of 110,000 and the previous value was revised up to 144,000[1] - The unemployment rate fell to 4.1%, better than the expected 4.3% and the previous value of 4.2%[1] - Initial jobless claims have decreased from 250,000 on June 7 to 233,000 on June 28, a drop of 17,000[1] Government vs. Private Sector Employment - Government employment rose significantly, with state and local jobs increasing by 47,000 and 33,000 respectively, while federal jobs decreased by 7,000[2] - Private sector job growth was only 74,000, the lowest in eight months, indicating weakness in private employment[2] - The manufacturing and non-manufacturing employment indices fell to 45.0 and 47.2 respectively, indicating a contraction in private sector employment[2] Labor Market Dynamics - The unemployment rate's decline was primarily due to a drop in the labor force participation rate by 0.09%[3] - Employment among foreign-born individuals decreased by 348,000, suggesting ongoing challenges in labor market participation[3] - Over the last three months, employment for foreign-born individuals has declined by a total of 994,000[3] Wage Growth and Inflation - Average hourly earnings in the private sector rose by only 0.22% in June, down from 0.39% in May[4] - Year-on-year growth in total weekly earnings was 4.5%, lower than the three-month average of 5.0%[4] - The slowdown in wage growth may indicate manageable inflation pressures but could lead to reduced consumer spending[4] Federal Reserve Policy Outlook - Following the employment data release, the market's expectation for rate cuts decreased from 64 basis points to 51 basis points for the year[5] - The probability of a rate cut in September dropped from 94% to around 70%[5] - Current labor market data does not support immediate rate cuts, as the overall employment situation remains stable despite some weaknesses[5]

Group 1 - The core point of the article highlights that the average hourly wage in the U.S. increased at a faster pace in May, with a year-on-year rate of 3.9%, surpassing both the previous value of 3.8% and the expected value of 3.7% [1] - The month-on-month wage growth recorded 0.4%, which is higher than the previous month's growth of 0.2% and the expected growth of 0.3% [1] - This data may further support concerns among Federal Reserve officials regarding the inability of inflation to decline in a timely manner [1]

Group 1 - The average weekly earnings in the UK for the first three months of 2025 increased by 5.6% compared to the same period last year, slightly below the forecasted growth of 5.7% [1] - The Bank of England is closely monitoring inflationary pressures in the UK labor market as it considers the possibility of accelerating interest rate cuts [1]

Core Viewpoint - The April non-farm payroll data indicates a slight decline in employment growth, with potential implications for the overall labor market stability and economic outlook [1][3][17]. Group 1: Employment Data - In April, the non-farm employment increased by 177,000, showing a slight decrease compared to the previous month [3]. - The combined downward revision of 58,000 jobs for February and March suggests a cooling trend in the job market [3]. - The three-month moving average of non-farm employment indicates a downward trend, pointing to a continued softening in the employment market [3]. Group 2: Sector Performance - Job growth in April was primarily concentrated in the education and healthcare sectors (70,000), transportation and warehousing (29,000), and leisure and hospitality (24,000) [5]. - Retail and leisure hotel sectors experienced the most significant declines, with reductions of 24,000 and 14,000 jobs, respectively [5]. Group 3: Unemployment Rate - The unemployment rate remained stable at 4.2% in April, with a slight increase in the labor force participation rate by 0.1 percentage points [7]. - The U6 unemployment rate decreased by 0.1 percentage points to 7.8%, indicating a stable employment market [7]. Group 4: Labor Market Dynamics - The number of job vacancies decreased to 7.19 million in March, with a vacancy rate of 4.3%, the lowest in nearly six months [9]. - The labor supply-demand gap recorded 110,000, indicating a return to pre-pandemic levels and suggesting a balance in the labor market [9]. Group 5: Wage Growth - Average hourly earnings growth in April showed a slight month-over-month decrease to 0.2%, while year-over-year growth remained steady at 3.8% [10]. - The highest year-over-year wage growth was observed in the retail and business services sectors, at 4.5% and 4.4%, respectively [12]. - Real wage growth, adjusted for inflation, increased to 1.4% in March, reflecting a steady increase in wage income [15]. Group 6: Economic Outlook - Following the release of the non-farm data, market expectations for Federal Reserve interest rate cuts have been slightly adjusted to 3.5 times for the year, indicating a moderation in economic risk concerns [17]. - Despite the stable employment data, the impact of government layoffs and ongoing economic policy uncertainties may continue to dampen hiring prospects [17].