中新社贵阳12月25日电 题：花江峡谷大桥为何"横竖都是世界第一"？ ——专访贵州省交通运输厅二级巡视员、总工程师许湘华 中新社记者 张伟 贵州被誉为"世界桥梁博物馆"，世界前100座高桥中，近一半在贵州。花江峡谷一带，山高谷深、地形 险峻，地质构造复杂，峡谷风力变化莫测，温度、湿度变化大。跨越"地球裂缝"的世界第一高桥——花 江峡谷大桥(以下简称"大桥")全长2890米，桥面距水面625米，高度居世界第一，主桥跨径1420米居山 区桥梁跨径世界第一。 作为贵州"桥旅融合"发展理念的实践，大桥已成为现象级旅拍打卡地，吸引海内外摄影爱好者与旅行者 一探究竟。近日，贵州省交通运输厅二级巡视员、总工程师许湘华接受中新社"东西问"专访，分享世界 第一高桥建设历程及价值意义。 27日拍摄的花江峡谷大桥。龙建睿 摄 2025年9月 现将访谈实录摘要如下： 中新社记者：大桥修建中实现了哪些技术创新突破？ 许湘华：花江峡谷大桥修建并非结构性革命，而是在多个关键环节实现了中国式的集成创新，主要体现 在施工技艺等方面，如创新采用智能缆吊系统，借助北斗定位、自动控制技术、智慧软件系统等，实现 了从"人工遥控"到"一键智控"的跨越。 ...

Core Insights - The global economy has shifted from efficiency to security, with China's economic resilience attributed to its super-large scale [2] - The phenomenon of "卷" (competition for scale) is prevalent among Chinese companies, both in traditional and emerging industries, emphasizing maximization of scale as a primary strategy [2] Group 1: New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) - China's NEV production and sales have ranked first globally for ten consecutive years, with a projected production increase of 34.4% and sales increase of 35.5% in 2024, exceeding 12.86 million units [2] - The market share of NEVs in total vehicle sales has risen from 5.4% in 2020 to an expected over 50% by the end of 2025 [2] - The debate on whether NEVs qualify as cars highlights the divergence in perspectives between traditional fuel vehicle manufacturers and NEV producers, reflecting underlying economic theories on scale and competition [2] Group 2: Economic Scale and Competition - The production and sales growth of NEVs is interpreted as a sign of a burgeoning industry rather than overcapacity, as evidenced by legislative support for NEVs in regions like the EU [2] - The competitive pricing of NEVs, often perceived as unfair competition, is driven by both government subsidies and intense competition within the industry [2] - The concept of "超线性规模缩放" (superlinear scaling) illustrates how the scale economy transcends individual firms to impact entire industries and economies [2] Group 3: Financial Structures and Debt - High leverage has become a norm for Chinese companies, where positive cash flow allows for sustained debt management, creating a path dependency on maximizing scale [3] - The relationship between high debt levels and scale maximization is evident in the operational strategies of companies, particularly in the context of rapid economic growth [3] - The financial environment in China has evolved to support this model, with a focus on indirect financing and project-based financial arrangements [3] Group 4: Infrastructure and Market Dynamics - The development of infrastructure, such as roads and electricity, has been crucial for the growth of NEVs, enabling them to integrate into the existing economic framework [3] - The market dynamics in China, characterized by rapid urbanization and income growth, have facilitated the emergence of new products tailored to the needs of the fastest-growing consumer segments [3] - The integration of government infrastructure investments with the NEV industry exemplifies the synergy between public policy and market development [3] Group 5: Global Supply Chains and Economic Resilience - China's super-large scale economy positions it as a central player in global supply chains, particularly in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative [4] - The country's industrial capabilities, including significant shares in global production of steel and aluminum, underscore its foundational role in international trade [4] - The ongoing restructuring of global supply chains reflects China's economic scale and its ability to adapt to geopolitical shifts, maintaining its position as a critical hub for manufacturing and trade [4]

Core Viewpoint - TSMC has established itself as the absolute leader in the global foundry industry through integrated innovation, driven by demand, technology leadership, deep collaboration, and an ecosystem of mutual benefits [2] Group 1: Integrated Innovation System - TSMC's success is attributed to a demand-driven, technology-led, deeply collaborative, and ecosystem-oriented integrated innovation system that connects demand insights to value realization [2] - The company has created a diverse product supply capability by integrating customer needs through innovative business models and a customer-first strategy [3] - TSMC's "customer-first" strategy emphasizes growth and shared success with high-quality clients, exemplified by its partnership with Apple, where TSMC absorbed defect costs to support Apple's chip orders [4] Group 2: Technological Leadership - TSMC maintains its position as a technology leader by deeply researching and mastering processes, equipment, and materials, leading to significant advancements in wafer fabrication and packaging technologies [5] - The company has consistently outpaced competitors, achieving milestones such as the first 7nm process in 2018, 5nm mass production in 2020, and plans for 2nm production by 2025 [5] Group 3: Organizational Efficiency - TSMC has adopted a fluid organizational structure to break down departmental barriers, ensuring effective collaboration between R&D and production [6] - The company has implemented a "headquarters innovation + global production" strategy, allowing for efficient conversion of laboratory results into mass production [7] Group 4: Ecosystem Collaboration - TSMC fosters a multi-win ecosystem through investments, joint R&D, and platform integration with industry partners [8] - The company has engaged in strategic investments, such as acquiring a 15% stake in ASML to ensure priority supply of critical equipment and materials [10] - TSMC's establishment of the TSMC Alliance promotes collaboration among customers, partners, and suppliers, enhancing competitiveness and innovation within the semiconductor industry [11]

Summary of Yarlung Tsangpo River Hydropower Project Conference Call Industry and Company Involved - **Industry**: Hydropower Engineering - **Project**: Yarlung Tsangpo River Downstream Hydropower Project Key Points and Arguments 1. **Project Overview**: The Yarlung Tsangpo River Downstream Hydropower Project plans to construct five cascade hydropower stations with a total installed capacity of 70 million kilowatts, including a backup capacity of 81.6 million kilowatts, and an annual power generation of 330 billion kilowatt-hours, expected to start generating power by 2035 [1][2][3] 2. **Environmental Impact**: The project is projected to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by over 300 million tons annually and cut standard coal consumption by 80 million tons, significantly contributing to carbon neutrality goals [1][5] 3. **Economic Contribution**: The project is expected to contribute over 500 billion yuan to Tibet's GDP annually, create over one million jobs, and promote the development of high-end domestic equipment and UHV technology [1][5] 4. **Investment Structure**: Total investment for the project is 1.2 trillion yuan, with each hydropower station costing between 200 billion to 300 billion yuan. Construction contracts account for about 60% of the total investment, while land acquisition and resettlement costs are less than 20% [1][6] 5. **Material Requirements**: The project will require substantial materials, including 54 million tons of low-temperature resistant cement, 4 million tons of steel, and 150 million tons of sand and gravel, along with 100,000 tons of explosives annually [1][4][26] 6. **Technological Challenges**: High-altitude construction leads to reduced equipment efficiency and increased maintenance costs. Key challenges include technology premium, domestic substitution (over 85% localization), and integrated innovation [2][13] 7. **Power Transmission**: The project will utilize ±800 kV UHV DC transmission to deliver power to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, with an expected need for approximately 15 UHV lines [2][8] 8. **Local Consumption vs. Export**: The local consumption to export ratio is approximately 8:2, with future local demand expected to grow due to industries like data centers and electrolytic aluminum [2][9] 9. **Project Timeline**: The construction of the five hydropower stations is staggered, with the first station already under construction and expected to be fully operational by 2033. Other stations are at various stages of planning and preparation [2][10][19] 10. **Economic Viability of Hydropower**: Despite higher construction costs, hydropower offers stable and clean energy, making it a valuable asset for meeting energy demands and achieving carbon neutrality [12][13] Other Important but Possibly Overlooked Content 1. **Innovative Construction Techniques**: The project employs advanced tunneling techniques and smart operation systems, including the use of TBM hard rock tunneling machines and highland shield machines [2][3] 2. **Impact on Local Urbanization**: The project is expected to drive urbanization in the region, potentially making Linzhi the largest city in the highland area with a projected population growth to around 500,000 [6] 3. **Intelligent Inspection Technologies**: The project incorporates intelligent inspection technologies, utilizing robots for various tasks to enhance efficiency and reduce human labor in high-altitude conditions [17][25] 4. **Material Supply Chain**: The supply of essential materials like cement and steel is expected to be steady throughout the project lifecycle, ensuring no significant disruptions [26]

Core Points - The fourth Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Youth Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition was held in Qingdao, Shandong, showcasing 12 outstanding projects from 8 countries out of over 200 entries, highlighting the organization's commitment to promoting technological innovation cooperation [1][2] - The competition emphasized youth-led projects with both technological advancement and market potential, with over 35% of the projects being international collaborations [2] - The establishment of two overseas collaborative centers in Malaysia and Mongolia, along with two domestic centers in Xi'an and Yan'an, expanded the SCO's global innovation cooperation network to 10 members, covering major innovation regions of SCO countries [2][3] Group 1: Event Highlights - The competition served as a platform for participants to gain funding and connect with China's industrial resources, accelerating product commercialization [1][2] - Projects included AI-based decision support systems from Russia, a probiotic research project from China, and a nano-calcium technology from Mongolia aimed at osteoporosis prevention [1] - The event also resulted in the signing of 6 cross-border cooperation agreements, fostering collaboration among domestic and international enterprises, universities, and research institutions [2] Group 2: Technological Cooperation - The SCO has been actively promoting technological innovation cooperation, characterized by mechanisms that are institutionalized, platform-based, diverse, and sustainable [3][6] - The establishment of the China-SCO Ecological and Environmental Innovation Base in Qingdao aims to enhance ecological technology innovation and industry cooperation among SCO and Belt and Road Initiative countries [3][4] - The SCO's agricultural technology exchange training base has conducted over 120 training sessions, benefiting more than 2,400 agricultural officials and technicians from SCO countries [3] Group 3: Future Directions - The SCO plans to deepen cooperation in digital economy and artificial intelligence, with a focus on expanding the "SCO+" model [7][8] - The organization aims to facilitate original innovation in countries with strong research foundations while promoting integrated innovation and secondary innovation in countries with weaker foundations [7] - The ongoing commitment to the "Shanghai Spirit" emphasizes mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for diverse civilizations, and common development [8]

Core Viewpoint - BYD is replicating its success in the energy storage sector, similar to its achievements in the electric vehicle market, by leveraging its vertical integration and technological capabilities [1][3][25]. Group 1: Company Strategy and Vision - BYD's founder Wang Chuanfu has emphasized the importance of integrating renewable energy and energy storage, stating that a 10% increase in national power generation could eliminate oil imports [1]. - The company aims to construct energy storage systems akin to building houses, with products sold by the ton, linking them to new energy systems [2][30]. - BYD's long-term strategy includes energy acquisition, storage, and application, which has been in place since 2008 [3][25]. Group 2: Market Position and Achievements - In 2023, BYD achieved the title of the world's largest supplier of energy storage systems, with significant market shares in various regions [5][7]. - As of 2024, BYD maintained its position as the top global supplier of energy storage systems, with a total output of 27 GWh [7][35]. - BYD has established a strong presence in international markets, particularly in North America and Europe, where it has achieved market shares of over 60% and 80% respectively in the past [4][23]. Group 3: Technological Innovations - BYD has developed the "Magic Cube" energy storage system, which features advanced integration technology and high volume utilization rates [27][28]. - The company is pioneering liquid-cooled mid-voltage cascading energy storage systems, enhancing safety and efficiency [28]. - BYD is also focusing on sodium-ion batteries, which promise lower costs and longer lifespans, marking a significant step in commercializing energy storage solutions [28][29]. Group 4: Future Outlook and Challenges - BYD's ambition is to become a leader in the energy storage market, with plans to significantly increase production capacity and expand its global footprint [13][30]. - The competitive landscape is intensifying, with emerging players challenging BYD's market position, particularly in the domestic market [35][38]. - The company is expected to face challenges in maintaining its growth trajectory amid fierce competition and market fluctuations [31][38].

Group 1 - The core idea emphasizes that integration can lead to innovation, as demonstrated by the development of China's first nuclear submarine through comprehensive methods [1][2] - The concept of "integration is creation" highlights that innovation does not have a single path and can emerge from combining existing technologies creatively [2][3] - Original innovation is crucial for the advancement of industries, as seen in China's electric vehicle sector, which relies on breakthroughs in various technological fields [2][3] Group 2 - The need to enhance basic research and original innovation capabilities is essential for maintaining strategic advantages in international competition [3] - A diverse and fertile innovation ecosystem can foster both original and integrated innovations, increasing the likelihood of breakthroughs [3] - China's advancements in quantum technology, materials science, and space science reflect a shift from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leaps in technological innovation [3][4]

制图丨黄帧昕 编辑丨程曼祺 成为冠军后，比亚迪的一场管理变革开启了。 文丨司雯雯 李梓楠 比亚迪深圳坪山总部相当 2 个上海迪士尼乐园大小，每天吐纳近 20 万员工。 早上 8 点前，茫茫人流从宿舍出发，汇入办公楼和车间，出入闸机时的拥挤程度堪比北京早高峰时的西二 旗地铁站，他们要在 8 点半前赶到工位打卡上班。包括比亚迪创始人王传福在内的高级管理层则要再早半 小时，于 8 点前到岗，往往晚上 9 点后才会离开公司。 坪山园区在 2007 年建成时，比亚迪没有想到自己会成为一家如此庞大的公司。当时整个比亚迪只有 12 万 人；三年前，坪山园区也不到 10 万人，饭点前后，员工时常会见到穿着灰色工服的王传福自己来食堂打 饭。 随着员工数量不断增加，坪山总部的工区不够用了。为容下更多人，去年到现在，比亚迪改造了将近 20 个厂房，但还是追不上人员扩张速度。比亚迪于是在坪山园区外租了几栋写字楼，以容纳员工。 比亚迪的人多到什么程度？在比亚迪内网，能搜到 43 个李伟、60 个张伟。 比亚迪已有 90 万员工，超过大众成为全球员工数最多的汽车公司。 90 万人中，有近 11 万人是接受过全日制本科以上教育的工程师。这 ...