Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government has announced export control measures on certain rare earth items and related technologies to safeguard national security and interests, requiring specific licenses for exports to foreign entities [2][6]. Group 1: Export Control Measures - Exporters must obtain a dual-use item export license from the Ministry of Commerce before exporting items that contain or integrate rare earth materials from China, with a value proportion of 0.1% or more [2]. - Export applications to military users and those listed on control and watch lists will generally not be approved [2]. - Applications for exports intended for the development of weapons of mass destruction, terrorism, or military enhancement will also be denied [3]. Group 2: Specific Applications and Exemptions - Export applications for humanitarian purposes, such as emergency medical aid or disaster relief, do not require a license but must be reported to the Ministry of Commerce within 10 working days [3]. - Applications for exporting technologies related to the production of advanced semiconductors (14nm logic chips or 256-layer storage chips) will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis [3]. Group 3: Compliance and Reporting - Exporters must provide compliance notices to foreign importers and end-users when exporting controlled items [4]. - Exporters unsure if their items require a license can consult the Ministry of Commerce via email [4]. Group 4: Rare Earth Technology Controls - Export of rare earth mining, refining, and related technologies requires a license, and any assistance to foreign rare earth activities without permission is prohibited [7][10]. - Technologies that have entered the public domain or are necessary for basic scientific research are not subject to these controls [10]. Group 5: Implementation and Updates - The announced measures will take effect on December 1, 2025, for certain items, while others are effective immediately upon publication [4]. - The dual-use item export control list will be updated concurrently with these announcements [11].

商务部公告2025第61号 为维护国家安全和利益，根据《中华人民共和国出口管制法》《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例》等法律法规相关规定，经中国国务院批准，决定 采取以下出口管制措施: 10月9日，据商务部网站消息： 一、境外组织和个人（以下称"境外特定出口经营者"）在向中国以外的其他国家和地区出口以下物项前，必须获得中国商务部颁发的两用物项出口许可证 件: （一）含有、集成或者混有原产于中国的本公告附件1第一部分所列物项在境外制造的本公告附件1第二部分所列物项，且附件1第一部分所列物项占境外 制造的附件1第二部分所列物项的价值比例达到0.1%及以上的； （二）使用原产于中国的稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关技术在境外生产的本公告附件1所列物项； （三）原产于中国的本公告附件1所列物项。 二、对向境外军事用户的出口申请，以及向出口管制管控名单和关注名单所列的进口商和最终用户（包括其控股50%及以上的子公司、分公司等分支机 构）的出口申请，原则上不予许可。 三、用于或者可能用于以下最终用途的出口申请，原则上不予许可： （一）设计、开发、生产、使用大规模杀伤性武器及其运载工具； ...

10月9日，商务部发布公告，公布对稀土相关技术实施出口管制的决定、 公布对境外相关稀土物项实施出口管制的决定 。 出口非管制的货物、技术或者服务，出口经营者明知其用于或者实质性有助于境外稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制 造、稀土二次资源回收利用活动的，按照《中华人民共和国出口管制法》第十二条和《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条 例》第十四条规定，应当在出口前向商务部申请两用物项出口许可。未经许可，不得提供。 商务部公告2025第62号 公布对稀土相关技术实施出口管制的决定 为维护国家安全和利益，根据《中华人民共和国出口管制法》《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例》等法律法规相关规 定，经国务院批准，决定对稀土相关技术等物项实施出口管制，有关规定如下： 一、以下物项未经许可不得出口： （一）稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关技术及其载体；（管制编码：1E902.a） （二）稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关生产线装配、调试、维护、维修、升级等技 术。（管制编码：1E902.b） 本公告所称"稀土""冶炼分离""金属冶炼""稀土二次资源"的含义和范围 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Commerce has announced export controls on rare earth-related technologies to safeguard national security and interests, requiring licenses for specific exports and imposing restrictions on assistance to foreign rare earth activities [2][7]. Export Control Measures - Exporters must obtain permission to export technologies related to rare earth mining, refining, metallurgy, magnetic material manufacturing, and recycling of rare earth secondary resources [2][3]. - Exporters are defined as Chinese citizens, legal entities, and organizations, and the term "export" includes various forms of transfer or provision of controlled items [3][4]. Compliance and Reporting Obligations - Exporters are required to apply for export licenses and submit relevant documentation, including a description of the controlled technology being transferred [4][5]. - Exporters must enhance compliance awareness and can consult the Ministry of Commerce if uncertain about whether their items fall under the control measures [4][5]. Restrictions on Assistance - Individuals and organizations are prohibited from providing substantial assistance to foreign rare earth activities without permission, with violations subject to penalties [5][6]. Implementation Timeline - The announcement takes effect immediately, with updates to the export control list [6][10]. Specific Export Control Items - The controlled items include various rare earth metals and materials, such as samarium, dysprosium, and neodymium, as well as related manufacturing technologies [11][12][13][14][15].

Core Points - The Ministry of Commerce of China has announced new export control measures to safeguard national security and interests, requiring specific export licenses for certain dual-use items [1][4][7] - Export applications for military users and those on the control list will generally not be approved [2][4] - Export applications for items related to the development of advanced semiconductor technologies and military-related artificial intelligence will be subject to case-by-case approval [2][4] Group 1: Export Control Measures - Exporters must obtain licenses for items containing Chinese-origin materials if they constitute 0.1% or more of the total value of the exported item [1][4] - Exporters using Chinese-origin rare earth technologies for production abroad must also apply for licenses [1][4] - Exporters must report humanitarian aid exports to the Ministry of Commerce within 10 working days without needing a license [2][4] Group 2: Compliance and Documentation - Exporters must provide compliance documentation to foreign importers and end-users when exporting controlled items [3][6] - Exporters are required to strengthen compliance awareness and understand the nature of the items they intend to export [6][7] - Any entity providing services related to the export of controlled items must inquire about the export activities and licensing status of their clients [6][7] Group 3: Implementation Timeline - Certain provisions of the announcement will take effect on December 1, 2025, while others are effective immediately [4][7] - The announcement updates the list of controlled items and includes guidelines for compliance documentation [4][8]

Core Points - The Ministry of Commerce announced export controls on rare earth-related technologies to safeguard national security and interests [1][3] - The decision is based on relevant laws and regulations, including the Export Control Law of the People's Republic of China [3] Group 1: Export Control Regulations - Export of the following items requires permission: technologies related to rare earth mining, smelting separation, metal smelting, magnetic material manufacturing, and recycling of rare earth secondary resources [3][4] - Exporters must apply for export licenses for controlled items and provide necessary documentation as specified [4][5] - The definition of "export" includes various forms of transfer or provision to foreign organizations or individuals [4] Group 2: Compliance and Responsibilities - Exporters are required to enhance compliance awareness and determine whether their goods, technologies, and services fall under controlled items [5][6] - Any individual or organization must not provide intermediary services for activities that violate the export control regulations [5][6] - Technologies that have entered the public domain or are necessary for basic scientific research are not subject to these controls [6] Group 3: Implementation and Updates - The announcement takes effect immediately upon publication, and the Export Control List will be updated accordingly [7]

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Commerce of China has announced export controls on rare earth-related technologies to safeguard national security and interests, requiring licenses for specific exports [1][2][3]. Group 1: Export Control Measures - Export of rare earth mining, smelting separation, metal smelting, magnetic material manufacturing, and recycling technologies requires permission [2]. - Exporters must apply for dual-use item export licenses if they know their goods will assist in rare earth activities abroad [2][3]. - Specific items manufactured abroad that contain Chinese-origin rare earth materials must also obtain export licenses if the value of the Chinese-origin materials is 0.1% or more [3]. Group 2: Restrictions on End Uses - Export applications for military purposes, weapons of mass destruction, or terrorism are generally not permitted [4]. - Applications for technologies related to advanced semiconductor manufacturing and military AI research will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis [4]. - Humanitarian aid-related exports do not require a license but must be reported to the Ministry of Commerce within 10 working days [4]. Group 3: Compliance Requirements - Exporters must declare the final destination of controlled items and provide compliance notices to foreign importers [5]. - The compliance guidelines must be followed by both domestic and foreign exporters when transferring controlled items [5]. Group 4: Implementation Timeline - Certain export control measures will take effect on December 1, 2025, while others are effective immediately upon announcement [6].

Group 1 - The Ministry of Commerce has announced export controls on certain rare earth items to foreign military users and specific importers listed in the export control list, with applications generally not permitted [1] - Exporters must apply for dual-use item export licenses if they are aware that their goods, technology, or services will significantly assist in foreign rare earth mining, smelting, metal refining, magnet manufacturing, or recycling activities [1] - The announcement specifies the definitions and scope of "rare earth," "smelting separation," "metal refining," and "rare earth secondary resources" according to relevant regulations [1] Group 2 - Huaxi Securities noted that the U.S. government is actively working to rebuild its rare earth industry, but global production of rare earth permanent magnets remains highly concentrated in China in the short term [1] - Guojin Securities believes that price increases, supply chain adjustments, and strategic attributes of the sector will lead to continued valuation and performance growth in the rare earth sector [1] Group 3 - Kinglong Permanent Magnet (300748) has achieved the highest production and sales volume in the global rare earth permanent magnet materials industry for 2024, leveraging its advantages in technology, capacity, and customer resources, while also expanding into new application areas such as humanoid robots [2] - China Minmetals' subsidiary, Hunan Xikang Mining's Shining Antimony Industry, fully controls over 300,000 tons of antimony resources [3] - Jiangxi Copper (600362) produces products that include crude antimony and sodium antimonate compounds [4]

为维护国家安全和利益，根据《中华人民共和国出口管制法》《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条 例》等法律法规相关规定，经国务院批准，决定对稀土相关技术等物项实施出口管制，有关规定如下： 一、以下物项未经许可不得出口： （一）稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关技术及其载体；（管制 编码：1E902.a） （二）稀土开采、冶炼分离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用相关生产线装配、调试、维 护、维修、升级等技术。（管制编码：1E902.b） 出口非管制的货物、技术或者服务，出口经营者明知其用于或者实质性有助于境外稀土开采、冶炼分 离、金属冶炼、磁材制造、稀土二次资源回收利用活动的，按照《中华人民共和国出口管制法》第十二 条和《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例》第十四条规定，应当在出口前向商务部申请两用物项出 口许可。未经许可，不得提供。 二、本公告所称出口经营者，包括中国公民、法人和非法人组织，以及在中国境内的所有自然人、法人 和非法人组织。 本公告所称出口，指将本公告所列管制物项自中华人民共和国境内向境外转移，或者在境内或者境外提 供给外国组织或者个人，包括贸易性出口以及通过知 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article questions the public's misjudgment regarding the U.S. rare earth refining technology and argues that the U.S. is accelerating the "re-industrialization" of its rare earth supply chain through various partnerships and initiatives, challenging China's dominance in the market [1][3]. Group 1: U.S. and Turkey Collaboration - Turkey has decided to collaborate with the U.S. to develop the newly discovered Beylikova rare earth deposit after unsuccessful negotiations with Russia and China [4][6]. - The Beylikova deposit contains critical elements such as cerium, lanthanum, and neodymium, which are essential for high-tech industries, including electric vehicles and wind turbines [4][6]. - Turkey's shift towards the U.S. partnership is part of a broader strategy to reduce reliance on China for rare earth elements [7][9]. Group 2: Pakistan's Rare Earth Deal - Pakistan has initiated a $500 million partnership with the U.S., delivering its first batch of concentrated rare earth elements, marking a significant shift in U.S.-Pakistan relations [10][11]. - The agreement includes establishing a multi-metal rare earth refining facility in Pakistan, which is expected to enhance the supply chain security for both nations [13]. Group 3: MP Materials' Strategic Shift - MP Materials has ceased exporting rare earth ores to China, a move aligned with the U.S. efforts to re-establish its domestic rare earth supply chain [15][19]. - This decision reflects a significant change in the dynamics of rare earth trade, indicating a growing determination by the U.S. to regain control over its strategic supply chains [17][19]. - The company has transitioned to refining all its rare earth concentrates domestically, enhancing its capability to produce rare earth metals independently [19]. Group 4: Historical Context and Future Implications - Historically, the U.S. accounted for 50% of the global rare earth market until the 1990s, but has since seen a decline due to various factors, including China's strategic investments [21][23]. - The U.S. has been working to rebuild its rare earth refining capabilities since 2010, with recent developments indicating a potential shift in market dynamics that could lead to a decline in China's market share [21][23].