2025.05. 06 本文字数：2836，阅读时长大约5分钟 作者 | 第一财经 高雅 封图 | 新华社 特朗普政府的关税政策给美国大小企业带来了棘手的业务危机。 从对冲基金巨头阿克曼（Bill Ackman）、桥水基金创始人达利欧（Ray Dalio），到佛罗里达州的造 纸公司和纽约市的一家酒水零售商，美国企业家不得不使用诉讼、公开喊话以及私下游说等一切途径 劝阻特朗普收回"对等关税"。 目前，全美范围内至少有七起案件以《国际紧急经济权力法》（IEEPA）为依据挑战特朗普的关税措 施，旨在推翻特朗普的关税政策。 牛津经济研究院美国副经济学家兹维默（Grace Zwemmer）对第一财经记者表示，4月美国消费者信 心指数已降至2020年5月以来的最低水平，这主要源于对关税可能导致未来价格上涨的担忧。后续更 多负面影响需要一段时间才能显现，而供应链中断的不确定性将延长通胀高企的周期。 美关税政策遭遇多起诉讼 自特朗普政府提出所谓"对等关税"政策一个月以来，一场跨州、跨行业的法律合围正在形成。从州政 府到原住民部落，从造纸企业到桌游制造商，美国企业和律师开始挑战总统随意设定关税的权力合法 性。 在州层面，4月1 ...

利润增速有所回升，但改善基础有待夯实。 3月利润增速录得2.6%，较上月上行约3个百分点，主因基数走低 推动，环比增速也低于近五年中位数，结合工企产销率续创历年同期新低，指向利润改善基础有待夯实。 分 企业类型来看 ，私营和股份制企业利润改善明显，国企和外商企业均有回落。 从两年平均增速来看 ，仅私营 报 告 正 文 3 月收入、利润增速双双回升。 2025 年 3 月，规上工企营业收入录得 4.2% ，较上月有所回升。工企利 润增速录得 2.6% ，较上月上行约 3 个百分点，主因基数走低推动，环比增速也低于近五年中位数，结 合工企产销率续创历年同期新低，指向利润改善基础有待夯实。从 工企利润 的构成 来看， 3 月工企的 营收增速有所回升，主因当月 生产大幅改善 。 同时 营收利润率 增速略有上升，共同带动 本月利润增速 上行 。本月成本费用较上月微升， 利润率增速上行或受到春节前置的一定扰动。 往后看 ， 随着外部冲 击影响逐渐显现，叠加去年同期基数走高 ， 利润或将再度承压 ， 静待稳增长政策进一步加码显效 。 此外，有三点值得关注。 一是企业经营压力仍较高 。工企产销率续创近十年来同期新低，而同时其 ...

另外，美国人出行减少，外国游客来美人数也下降。经济学家估算，这一趋势可能令美国旅游业全年损 失数百亿美元。 报告还指出，就业整体略有增长，但企业招聘意愿普遍谨慎。尽管私营企业新增岗位数量有所上升，政 府部门以及依赖联邦资金的机构就业人数则出现下降。 在美国总统特朗普对全球实施关税后，美联储发布的经济形势报告显示，美国经济仍在稳步扩张， 但"普遍存在的不确定性"可能在未来几个月内抑制增长势头。智通财经APP获悉，周三，褐皮书报告指 出："自上一期报告以来，经济活动变化不大，但围绕国际贸易政策的不确定性在各地区报告中普遍存 在。" 褐皮书每年发布八次，是美联储评估经济状况、决定是否调整利率的重要依据。本次报告是自2月底以 来的首次调查，同时也是特朗普政府大规模加征关税后的第一份褐皮书。 报告指出，"由于经济不确定性上升，尤其是与关税相关的不确定性，多个地区的经济前景明显恶化。" 特朗普在本月初宣布关税政策，被称为"解放日"行动，引发自上世纪30年代以来最严重的全球贸易战。 这场贸易争端令美国家庭和企业充满疑虑。经济学家警告称，贸易摩擦若持续，可能推高通胀、增加失 业，甚至引发经济衰退。 在关税正式实施之前，为规避 ...

随着特朗普政府全面启动对等关税，世界各国急于与美国进行单独谈判。各国相继提出了降 低从美国进口的关税、扩大购买美国产品等让步方案。美国政府表现出根据谈判情况放宽关 税的态度，为达成交易而展开的竞争在激化。 在对等关税即将全面启动的4月8日，特朗普与韩国代总统韩德洙首次进行了电话磋商。磋商 结束后，特朗普在自己的社交媒体上发文称，"韩国的顶级团队正在前往美国，情况良好"，强 调"其他国家也正在试图进行交易"。 韩国政府透露，韩德洙提议在特朗普视为美国国内制造业复兴象征的造船业和美国产液化天 然气(LNG)出口方面进行合作。已派遣负责贸易的阁僚立即前往美国华盛顿。 特朗普对日本和韩国等同盟国也毫不留情地征收了对等关税。 日本首相石破茂提名经济财政再生相赤泽亮正与负责对日谈判的美国财政部长贝森特对接。 石破茂已派遣外务省和经济产业省的审议官，为正式启动谈判而进行协调。日本计划将扩大 美国产LNG进口等能源和安全保障等作为一揽子政策提出，推进谈判。 美国总统特朗普（资料图，Reuters） 越南表示正在准备协商将从美国进口的关税降至0%，柬埔寨表示下调对美国产食品和汽车等的关 税，印度尼西亚除了扩大小麦和棉花的进口之 ...

实际上，由于贝森特与华尔街的关系密切，有分析人士指出，贝森特始终不支持"激进地加征关税"，并认 为他有可能阻拦特朗普征收过高的关税。 另外，一则关于"美国超市中国商品被民众抢购"的话题冲上热搜榜第一，引发关注与热议。有视频显示， 在美国超市，中国商品被抢购一空。美国经济学家和商界人士警告说，加征关税将推高价格，并最终转嫁 到美国消费者身上。由于担忧物价飙升，美国一些消费者已开始囤货模式。 "美国财长想离职" 4月5日，新华社消息，美国微软—全国广播公司主持人斯蒂芬妮·吕勒4日说，美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特 无法忍受特朗普政府"荒谬的（对等）关税算法"，已打算辞职不干。 特朗普政府内部疑似出现裂痕。 据美媒最新爆料，美国总统特朗普宣布"灾难性"关税政策后，美国财长贝森特可能正计划离职。美国微软 —全国广播公司主持人斯蒂芬妮·吕勒认为，贝森特无法忍受特朗普政府"荒谬的关税算法"。 吕勒在微软—全国广播公司《早安，乔》电视节目中说："我的消息来源说，斯科特·贝森特（在特朗普政 府中）行为另类。就特朗普的核心圈子而言，特朗普根本不亲近贝森特，也不听他的。" 吕勒说："有人对我说，他正在寻找退路，找机会去美联储。因为在 ...

Core Viewpoint - The rising costs and challenges of participating in marathons are creating a lucrative market for brands and sponsors, while the financial burden ultimately falls on the participants [5][26][35]. Cost Analysis - The total cost of participating in a marathon can exceed 5,000 yuan, including registration fees, travel, accommodation, and food expenses [8][11]. - Registration fees for marathons have increased significantly, with some events seeing price hikes of over 50% compared to previous years [12][26]. - Additional expenses such as gear, post-race recovery, and social gatherings further inflate the overall cost for participants [11][20]. Market Growth - The number of marathon events in China has surged post-pandemic, with over 600 events in 2023 and projections to exceed 700 in 2024 [16][20]. - Despite the increase in events, the growth in participants is not keeping pace, leading to a high demand for limited spots and low acceptance rates for registration [22][23]. Sponsorship and Brand Engagement - The marathon market has attracted significant attention from brands, particularly sportswear companies like Xtep, which has increased its sponsorship activities dramatically [26][27]. - Various brands across different sectors, including banks and real estate, are leveraging marathons to reach middle-class consumers, indicating a broadening of the sponsorship landscape [28][29]. Economic Impact - Marathons generate substantial economic benefits for host cities, with events like the Wuxi Marathon contributing approximately 280 million yuan to the local economy [32]. - The increasing prize money for marathon winners is aimed at attracting elite athletes, which in turn enhances the event's prestige and visibility [34][35].

Group 1 - The U.S. has imposed a 10% tariff on all imports, with a specific 34% tariff on China, leading to significant impacts on Asian markets and emerging markets (EM) compared to developed markets (DM) [1] - Goldman Sachs anticipates that the overall impact of tariffs will be more pronounced in EM, with Asian stocks and currencies likely facing substantial pressure [1] - The S&P 500 futures dropped by 3.5%, and Japan's stock market opened down by 3% following the tariff announcement [1] Group 2 - Historical data suggests that when the S&P experiences a pullback of over 10%, the MXAP index also faces declines, indicating a correlation between U.S. market performance and Asian market inflows [2] - Short-term market volatility is expected due to heightened concerns over inflation and economic slowdown in the U.S. [2] - Analysts maintain a positive outlook on stocks like Moutai and Budweiser APAC, with Moutai projected to achieve a 9% revenue growth in 2025, slightly above market expectations [2] Group 3 - In March, global hedge funds experienced a decline of over 2%, primarily due to accelerated market sell-offs, particularly in TMT and healthcare sectors [3] - Systematic hedge funds benefited from the volatile environment, achieving a 4.4% return in Q1 [3] - There was a significant net outflow from North America, Europe, and Asia, with Asian emerging markets witnessing substantial sell-offs in March [3] Group 4 - The discussion around autonomous driving technology, particularly laser radar, has intensified, with companies like Suoteng Ju Chuang reporting a 110% increase in shipment volume [4] - The recognition of ADAS laser radar by domestic automakers is expected to drive rapid growth in the industry, with orders likely concentrated among leading companies [4] Group 5 - Investors are currently focused on potential risks associated with upcoming tariff measures and their impact on market performance [6] - The outlook for Asian markets remains positive, with expectations of a 9% upside for the MXAPJ index, particularly favoring Chinese and Japanese markets [7] - Key investment themes include AI beneficiaries, domestic exposure, and shareholder returns, with a focus on quality stocks with stable growth [8] Group 6 - The Chinese consumer sector is expected to benefit from government initiatives aimed at boosting consumption, with analysts optimistic about sectors like white goods and beverages [9] - Key stocks in the consumer sector include Anta, Moutai, and Mengniu, which are favored for their market potential [9][10] Group 7 - The outlook for China's commodity market is optimistic, driven by infrastructure construction and debt resolution efforts by local governments [11] - Analysts are particularly bullish on cement, copper, and bauxite, while maintaining a negative view on coal [12]

"美国总统特朗普称要保护美国的工业。美国宣布针对汽车加征关税，使得美国的汽车业永久地丧失竞 争力。在汽车行业，美国将无法与中国竞争。"美国哥伦比亚大学教授杰弗里·萨克斯3月27日在博鳌亚 洲论坛2025年年会上说，中国汽车业已引领世界汽车业，"美国将无法竞争，请享受你们的车——比亚 迪。" 杰弗里·萨克斯进一步指出，没必要指望打开美国市场或者是依赖美国市场，外面还有广阔的世界。"全 世界需要绿色、数字技术，而中国在可再生能源等诸多领域的技术都是领先的，这些都是全世界需要 的。中国将会赢得21世纪。" （文章来源：21世纪经济报道） 杰弗里·萨克斯称："我不想太费劲去理解特朗普的贸易政策，因为其政策的很多认知基础是错误和原始 的。"谈及特朗普的动机，杰弗里·萨克斯指出，特朗普希望消除贸易赤字。然而，一个国家贸易赤字巨 大的时候，意味着其支出大于生产，这实际上与贸易无关，而是涉及财政支出。 当前，美国预算赤字很大，储蓄率非常低。美国财政部3月12日发布数据显示，2025财年前5个月（2024 年10月至2025年2月）联邦财政赤字达1.147万亿美元，创同期历史新高。其中2月单月赤字3070亿美 元，同比扩大约4 ...

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry or Company Involved - The conference call primarily discusses the macroeconomic environment, U.S. Federal Reserve policies, and their impacts on the U.S. and A-share markets, as well as insights into the Hong Kong stock market and the pig farming industry. Core Points and Arguments 1. **U.S. Federal Reserve's Policy Impact** The Federal Reserve maintained interest rates and projected two rate cuts for the year, but market reactions showed weakness in both U.S. stocks and bonds due to expectations of a dovish shift in policy and declining economic data [2][4][5] 2. **Economic Data and Recession Expectations** Although the U.S. has not entered a recession, marginal declines in economic data have led to persistent recession trading. Factors include negative feedback in the service sector and employment, lack of immediate economic stabilization measures, and delayed effects of stock market performance on consumer data [5][7] 3. **Global Tariff Adjustments** Potential global tariff increases could raise U.S. CPI inflation by approximately 0.8% if tariffs are raised by an average of 10%. This could lead to stagflation in the U.S. market, with stock prices declining and bond yields returning to the 4.5-5.0% range [6][10] 4. **A-share Market Adjustments** The A-share market is experiencing adjustments due to economic data and corporate earnings entering a verification phase. The correlation between stock performance and earnings reports is expected to be significant in April [8][11] 5. **Technology Sector Performance** The technology sector has been crowded and requires adjustment. The core logic driving the tech market is the decline in risk-free interest rates rather than profit realization. The sector is expected to undergo a healthy correction [9][12] 6. **Investment Strategy Recommendations** A balanced investment strategy is recommended, focusing on resilient dividend assets and cyclical opportunities in sectors like machinery, chemicals, and defense. Increased research and adjustments in the tech sector are also advised [11][16] 7. **Hong Kong Market Resilience** The Hong Kong market has shown resilience with significant foreign capital inflows. The focus should be on high-dividend stocks and quality growth stocks, particularly in sectors benefiting from domestic demand [16][19] 8. **Bond Market Outlook** The bond market is expected to perform better in Q2 compared to Q1, with opportunities arising from new bond issuances rather than waiting for rate cuts [21][23] 9. **Pig Farming Industry Insights** The pig farming industry shows strong momentum based on current prices, with key indicators such as the year-on-year inventory of breeding sows being critical for investment strategies. Seasonal factors also play a significant role in performance [24][27][28] Other Important but Possibly Overlooked Content 1. **Market Dynamics and External Factors** The A-share market's downward risks are more influenced by external factors, particularly U.S.-China trade tensions and global tariff adjustments, rather than domestic economic conditions [10][19] 2. **Long-term Trends in the Hong Kong Market** The long-term outlook for the Hong Kong market remains optimistic, with a focus on quality growth stocks and high-dividend resources, supported by a favorable domestic economic environment [17][20] 3. **Investment Model Updates** The investment model for the pig farming industry is updated weekly, providing investors with timely insights into market conditions and strategies [30]

Domestic Policy News - The government has set a GDP growth target of around 5% for 2025, maintaining the same target as 2024, with a budget deficit rate of 4% [9][10][12] - The government plans to issue 4.4 trillion yuan in local government special bonds and 1.3 trillion yuan in ultra-long-term special bonds to support state-owned commercial banks in capital replenishment [10][12] - The monetary policy aims for "timely reserve requirement ratio and interest rate cuts" to maintain ample liquidity in the economy [10][22] Support for Private and Technology Enterprises - The central bank and five departments support private enterprises in capital market development, emphasizing equal treatment for all types of ownership enterprises [2][8] - The government is expanding the scale of re-loans for technological innovation and technical transformation, increasing from 500 billion yuan to between 800 billion and 1 trillion yuan [38] - The establishment of a national venture capital guidance fund focusing on cutting-edge fields such as artificial intelligence and quantum technology is planned [40] Real Estate Sector - The financial regulatory authority emphasizes support for stabilizing the real estate market, including expanding financing coordination mechanisms and ensuring project delivery [3][24][42] - The government is implementing measures to support the transformation of urban villages and the renovation of dilapidated housing [42] Consumer and Employment Policies - The government is promoting consumption through initiatives like expanding the range of subsidies for trade-ins and encouraging financial institutions to increase personal consumption loans [4][26] - Employment support plans are being organized to release job opportunities in advanced manufacturing and new consumption hotspots [41] Local Policies - Local policies focus on emerging industries, promoting investment and consumption, and providing childbirth subsidies [45]