证券研究报告 | 2025年03月16日 美国农业部（USDA）月度供需报告数据分析专题 优于大市 全球大豆压榨量环比调增，中国玉米进口预估进一步下修 种植链农产品：中国玉米进口量预估下修，全球大豆压榨量调增。 1）玉米：国内供需宽松顶部已现，玉米价格有望维持温和上涨。USDA3 月供 需报告将玉米 24/25 产季期末库销比环比调减 0.13%至 23.32%，其中，中国 玉米 24/25 年度进口目标较 2 月预估进一步下调 200 万吨至 800 万吨玉米， 最终中国玉米期末库销比环比减 0.64%至 64.27%。目前国内玉米价格已处于 历史周期底部位置，中储粮自 2024 年 12 月起多次扩大收储，提振国内玉米 市场，后续预计价格底部支撑较强。 2）大豆：南美丰产压力下预计上半年价格维持底部震荡，新季美国大豆减 产或在今年秋季兑现。USDA3 月供需报告中预计 24/25 产季全球产量维持、 压榨量调增、期末库存略减，最终全球大豆期末库销比环比调减 0.94pcts 至 29.67%；总体 2025 上半年全球大豆供应压力仍大，考虑到贸易政策扰动 影响，预计价格维持底部震荡。当前豆系产品价格处于历 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Outperform" rating for the agricultural sector [5] Core Views - The agricultural sector is expected to perform better than the market, with specific focus on corn, soybeans, wheat, sugar, cotton, and livestock [5] Corn - The USDA March report indicates a slight increase in global corn production and usage, with the ending stocks-to-use ratio adjusted down by 0.13% to 23.32% [16][17] - China's corn import target for the 2024/25 season has been revised down by 2 million tons to 8 million tons, leading to a reduction in the ending stocks-to-use ratio to 64.27% [17][18] - Domestic corn prices are expected to maintain a recovery trend supported by state reserves and a historical price bottom [19][20] Soybeans - The USDA report maintains global soybean production estimates while increasing the crushing volume by 0.84% to 295 million tons, with ending stocks reduced to 121.41 million tons [25][26] - The soybean market is expected to experience price fluctuations in the first half of 2025, with long-term trends indicating a tightening supply [28][29] - The U.S. soybean planting area is projected to decrease by 3.6%, which may lead to a tighter supply in the upcoming season [31] Wheat - The USDA report shows an increase in global wheat production and consumption, with the ending stocks-to-use ratio rising to 32.24% [35][36] - China's wheat import target for the 2024/25 season has been reduced by 1.5 million tons to 6.5 million tons, indicating a relatively loose supply situation [36][37] Sugar - The report indicates a continuation of a loose supply-demand balance for sugar, with domestic production expected to increase by 1.04 million tons [4] - Short-term sugar prices are anticipated to remain weak due to high inventory levels and seasonal consumption patterns [4] Cotton - Global cotton demand is projected to increase, with the ending stocks-to-use ratio adjusted down to 67.21% [4] - Domestic cotton prices are at historical lows, and a recovery in demand could lead to a rebound [4] Livestock - U.S. pork prices are expected to see a slight increase, while domestic pig prices may decline, but low-cost producers are likely to maintain profitability [7] - The poultry market is affected by avian influenza, with expectations for a gradual recovery in supply [7] - Egg supply in China is currently abundant, with pressure on prices expected to persist throughout the year [7]

Investment Rating - Industry rating: Outperform the market (maintained rating) [11] Core Insights - The pig sector shows slight inertia growth in breeding stock, highlighting the undervaluation and expectation gap in the sector [3][16] - The poultry sector emphasizes the fundamentals of white chickens and the marginal changes in breeding imports [17][18] - The feed sector recommends Hai Da Group due to its fundamental turning point and relatively low valuation [21] - The pet sector sees a rise in domestic brands and a positive trend in pet food exports [25][26] Summary by Sections Pig Sector - As of March 8, the national average pig price is 14.68 CNY/kg, remaining stable week-on-week, with a profit of approximately 154 CNY per head for self-breeding farms [1][15] - The supply side shows an average market weight of 127.06 kg for pigs, with a 4.23% share of pigs over 150 kg, indicating a potential seasonal decline in prices due to weak demand [2][15] - The sector is characterized by low valuations, with major companies like Muyuan and Wens below 2000 CNY per head, suggesting a historical low valuation [3][16] Poultry Sector - The white chicken sector faces uncertainty in breeding imports due to outbreaks of avian influenza, leading to a significant drop in domestic breeding stock [4][17] - Chicken prices have rebounded, with the average price for live chickens in Shandong at 3.30 CNY per bird, supported by positive restocking sentiment [4][18] - Investment recommendations include Shengnong Development and attention to Yisheng and Minhe [5][18] Feed Sector - Hai Da Group is recommended due to its market share increase and expected improvement in the aquaculture feed market after a prolonged downturn [21] - Prices for various aquatic products have shown significant increases, indicating a potential recovery in the aquaculture sector [21] Pet Sector - Domestic brands like Guibao Pet are expanding their market share through independent brand operations, targeting different price segments [25][26] - Pet food exports have seen a substantial increase, with a year-on-year growth of 26% in volume and 22% in value, reflecting a robust market [25][26] Agricultural Technology - The application of genetically modified technology is expected to accelerate, enhancing agricultural productivity and competitiveness among leading seed companies [23][24] - The low-altitude economy is projected to grow significantly, with policies supporting the development of smart agriculture and drone applications [23][24]

Investment Rating - Industry rating: Outperform the market (maintained rating) [11] Core Views - The pig sector shows a divergence between pig prices and piglet prices, with pig prices rebounding while piglet prices continue to decline. The average price of pigs is 14.87 CNY/kg, up 1.09% from last week, with an average profit of approximately 225 CNY per head for self-breeding and self-raising operations [1][15] - The poultry sector is experiencing low valuations and elasticity, particularly in the white chicken segment, where supply pressures are exacerbated by restrictions on overseas breeding imports due to avian influenza outbreaks [3][17] - The feed sector is recommended for investment due to a fundamental turning point and relatively low valuations, with Hai Da Group highlighted as a key player [5][21] Summary by Sections Pig Sector - Pig prices have rebounded, with an average price of 14.87 CNY/kg as of February 22, 2025, while piglet prices are declining, indicating a potential short-term weakness in piglet pricing [1][15] - Supply remains low with an average slaughter weight of 125.68 kg, and the proportion of pigs over 150 kg is 4.11% [1][15] - The sector is considered undervalued, with major companies like Muyuan Foods and Wens Foodstuffs having head valuations below 2000 CNY per head, suggesting potential for recovery [2][16] Poultry Sector - The white chicken segment faces supply pressure due to halted overseas breeding imports, leading to a significant drop in domestic breeding stock [3][17] - Chicken prices have stabilized, with the average price for live chickens at 2.80 CNY per bird, and expectations for price recovery as processing plants resume operations [3][17] - Investment recommendations include Shengnong Development and other companies in the poultry sector due to anticipated demand recovery [4][18] Feed Sector - Hai Da Group is highlighted as a key investment opportunity due to improving market conditions in aquaculture feed after a prolonged downturn [5][21] - The prices of various aquatic products have shown a mixed trend, with some prices increasing due to supply constraints [5][21] Seed and Agricultural Technology - The application of genetically modified technology is expected to accelerate, enhancing the competitiveness of leading seed companies [7][23] - The low-altitude economy is identified as a growth area, with significant potential for agricultural applications of drones [7][23] Pet Sector - Domestic pet brands are rapidly growing, with significant sales increases in pet food, indicating a robust market for local brands [9][25] - Pet food exports have also seen substantial growth, reflecting a healthy export market [9][25] - Recommended companies in the pet sector include Guibao Pet and Zhongchong Co., Ltd. due to their strong market positions [9][27]