证券研究报告 晨会 hyzqdatemark 2025 年 12 月 30 日 投资要点： 资料来源：聚源，华源证券研究所，截至2025年12月30日 华源晨会精粹 20251230 固定收益 3-10Y 二永债配置价值凸显——资本补充工具月报：二永债一级发行方 面，11 月供给环比及同比上升。2025 年 1-11 月，银行二永债净融资主要来自国有 大行。二永债二级市场方面，二级资本债收益率和信用利差（减国债，下同）除 AA+ 品种以外普遍震荡下行，永续债收益率下行，但利差有所上升，中长期券种表现较 好。11 月，普信债与二永债走出分化行情，公募销售新规担忧仍在，二永债收益率 下行仍显犹豫。永续债-二级资本债品种利差整体偏低。保险次级债 11 月净融资规 模同比增加，券商次级债 11 月净融资规模同比有所下降。二级市场方面，除 10 年 期外，其他剩余期限券商次级债和保险资本补充债收益率和信用利差普遍有所下行。 二永债方面，建议关注利差分位数仍处高位 AA+级及以上 3-10Y 券种，可重点关注 5YAAA-永续债。保险、券商次级债方面，各评级 3-10Y 券商次级债和保险资本补 充债处于历史分位较高水平， ...

证券研究报告 固收定期报告 hyzqdatemark 2025 年 12 月 29 日 3-10Y 二永债配置价值凸显 ——资本补充工具月报（11 月 1 日-11 月 30 日） 投资要点： 证券分析师 廖志明 SAC：S1350524100002 liaozhiming@huayuanstock.com 张一帆 zhangyifan@huayuanstock.com 请务必仔细阅读正文之后的评级说明和重要声明 联系人 二永债一级发行方面，11 月供给环比及同比上升。11 月，各类型银行共发行 13 只 二级资本债和 13 只永续债，合计 2683 亿元，较上月增长 2123 亿元，同比增加 1037 亿元。截至 11 月 30 日，银行二永债尚有 1.44 万亿元额度待发行。11 月净融资规 模环比及同比均有所增加。具体来看，11 月银行二永债净融资 936 亿元，环比增加 729.5 亿元，同比增加 331 亿元。结构上看，二级资本债和永续债净融资分别为 750 亿元和 186 亿元。前 11 个月二永债净融资规模为 4229.6 亿元，同比减少 1302.9 亿元；其中二级资本债净融资规模为 2214 ...

证 券 研 究 报 告 【债券周报】 信用利差多数走阔，优先布局中短端票息资产 ——信用周报 20251221 （1）1y 品种：当前收益率主要分布在 1.72%-1.80%区间，利差在 2024 年以来 中枢水平以下 13-19BP，本周利差小幅回升，但性价比仍相对较低。 （2）2-3y 品种：收益率主要分布在 1.83%-2.10%区间，利差在 19-42BP 区间， 考虑增值税新规对国开债曲线影响后（按 3%税率估算，影响约 5BP），2-3y 信 用品种利差在 2024 年以来中枢水平附近。考虑到后续基金和理财对短端品种 的配置需求较高，可优选底仓品种，优先布局明年中短端票息资产。 （3）4-5y 品种：收益率主要分布在 2.0%-2.35%区间，利差在 26-55BP 区间。 本周 4-5y 品种利差走阔，尤其低等级品种，主要受地产债及周期债调整影响， 票息配置性价比边际回升。在 3y 以内短端极致拥挤的情况下，基金和理财或 拉长久期至 4-5y 品种博取收益，但需求力量较今年或整体有所减弱、波动性 或增强。从季节性看，12 月信用利差压缩动能通常有限，一季度非银配置力 量逐渐增强、债市利空因素边际 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In 2025, the number and scale of credit bond defaults decreased significantly, and the credit environment improved. The number of defaulted bonds was 16, with a total default amount of 15.084 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 54 bonds and 77.145 billion yuan respectively [1][11]. - All first - time defaulting entities in 2025 were non - state - owned enterprises, and the number of defaults in the real estate industry decreased. Looking ahead to 2026, real estate may still be the main risk point in the credit bond market, and local risks of some weak - qualified small and medium - sized financial institutions should be vigilant, but the probability of a systemic impact on the market is low [1][13]. - The default rate dropped to a historically low level. In 2025, the marginal default rate was 0.22%, the second - lowest since 2014 [1][22]. - Last week, after an important meeting released a signal of monetary easing, credit bond yields turned downward in the second half of the week but the repair momentum was weak. Looking forward, due to the impact of wealth management funds returning to the balance sheet at the end of the quarter, incremental funds may be limited, and there is insufficient impetus to compress credit spreads. It is recommended to focus on the coupon strategy [2]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 2025 Credit Bond Market Default Feature Summary - **Default Quantity and Scale Decreased Significantly, Credit Environment Improved**: In 2025, the number and amount of defaulted credit bonds continued the downward trend of the previous year. There were 16 defaulted bonds with a total amount of 15.084 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 54 bonds and 77.145 billion yuan respectively. From 2014 - 2025, substantial defaults were the main type in the credit bond market (73.4%), and in 2025, there were 11 substantial defaults and 5 extensions [11]. - **First - time Defaulting Entities were All Non - state - owned Enterprises, Real Estate Industry Default Quantity Decreased**: The 16 first - time defaulted bonds in 2025 came from 12 non - state - owned enterprise issuers, covering 6 industries such as real estate and non - bank finance. Historically, non - state - owned enterprises had significantly more defaults than state - owned enterprises. The real estate industry was still the main risk point in 2026, and local risks of some small and medium - sized financial institutions should be watched out for [13][17]. - **Default Rate Dropped to a Historically Low Level**: In 2025, the marginal default rate was 0.22%, the second - lowest since 2014. The overall recovery rate from 2014 to 2025 was 13.76%, with state - owned enterprises having a higher recovery rate of 27.12% than non - state - owned enterprises at 10.28% [22]. 3.2 Credit Bond Yield Overview - Last week, after an important meeting released a signal of monetary easing, credit bond yields turned downward in the second half of the week but the repair momentum was weak. Overall, credit bond yields showed mixed trends, with financial bonds performing better than non - financial credit bonds, and the 3 - year non - financial credit bonds performing better [27]. - Wealth management scale and the proportion of broken - net products decreased. The average yield of wealth management products had been declining for 6 consecutive weeks since early November. Looking forward, due to the impact of wealth management funds returning to the balance sheet at the end of the quarter, incremental funds may be limited, and there is insufficient impetus to compress credit spreads. It is recommended to focus on the coupon strategy. Institutions with stable liability ends can moderately participate in 3 - year medium - and high - grade bank secondary and perpetual bonds and securities firm subordinated bonds with relatively high spreads [29][36]. 3.3 Primary Market - **Issuance Volume**: Last week, the issuance scale of credit bonds increased both month - on - month and year - on - year, while the net financing scale decreased month - on - month and increased year - on - year. The net financing scale of urban investment bonds and financial bonds decreased month - on - month, while that of industrial bonds increased [37]. - **Issuance Cost**: The average issuance interest rate of credit bonds increased slightly. The average issuance interest rate of urban investment bonds increased month - on - month, while that of industrial and financial bonds decreased [45]. - **Issuance Term**: The average issuance term of credit bonds decreased month - on - month. The issuance terms of industrial and financial bonds decreased, while that of urban investment bonds increased [47]. - **Cancellation of Issuance**: The number and scale of cancelled credit bond issuances decreased last week [53]. 3.4 Secondary Market - **Trading Volume**: Except for the trading volume of securities firm subordinated bonds, the trading volume of other types of credit bonds rebounded last week, with the trading volume of bank secondary capital bonds increasing by over 13 billion yuan. The trading terms of different types of bonds showed different trends in terms of remaining maturity and implied rating [57][58]. - **Trading Liquidity**: The turnover rates of urban investment bonds, industrial bonds, and financial bonds increased last week. The turnover rates of different terms of each type of bond also showed different trends [59]. - **Spread Tracking**: Last week, most urban investment bond spreads widened, with the 10 - year AA + grade urban investment bond spreads widening the most. Most industrial bond spreads also widened, with the real estate industry having the largest spread widening for both AAA and AA grades. Most bank secondary and perpetual bond spreads narrowed, while the spreads of securities firm subordinated bonds widened across the board, and most insurance subordinated bond spreads narrowed [65][73][76]. 3.5 Weekly Hot Bonds Overview Based on qeubee's bond liquidity scoring, the top 20 urban investment bonds, industrial bonds, and financial bonds in terms of liquidity scores were selected for investors' reference [80]. 3.6 Credit Rating Adjustment Review Last week, 3 bonds had their debt ratings downgraded, and there were no upgrades [84].

债券研究 证 券 研 究 报 告 【债券周报】 关注中短端品种结构性机会 ——信用周报20251214 （3）4-5y 品种：收益率主要分布在 2.0%-2.5%区间，利差在 22-60BP 区间。 近期债市波动放大，利空因素扰动下 4-5y 品种信用利差有所走阔，票息配置 性价比边际回升。近期可适当关注波动市场中利差较高品种的结构性机会，逢 高配置票息资产，其中 3-4yAA+银行二永债与保险次级利差较高可优先关注。 （4）5y 以上品种：中高等级品种收益率主要分布在 2.25%-2.8%区间，利差在 25-60BP 区间。仍具备一定票息优势，但考验负债端稳定性，需凭借负债端稳 定性获取票息的时间价值，交易参与需因时而动。在当前债市扰动因素较多、 情绪偏弱的情况下，负债端稳定性偏弱的机构需谨慎，保险、自营等负债端稳 定性较强机构可重点关注，逢高配置。 ❖ 重点政策及热点事件： 1、中国冶金科工股份有限公司将多家子公司股权出售给五矿地产与中国五 矿。中国中冶此次打包售卖地产与矿山资产既能够补充资金反哺主业，也剥离 业绩承压的非主营业务，有利于估值修复。 2、渤海租赁股份有限公司拟召开持有人会议，审议豁免监票人 ...

Group 1: Credit Strategy - The report emphasizes the need to monitor redemption disturbances and suggests seizing the value of coupon assets during high points [2][11] - Current yields for 1-year products range from 1.73% to 1.82%, with spreads within 20 basis points, which is lower by 10-16 basis points compared to the lowest point in 2024, indicating low cost-effectiveness [2][32] - For 2-3 year products, yields are between 1.87% and 2.12%, with spreads from 17 to 35 basis points, still having 1-8 basis points of room compared to 2024's lowest spreads [2][32] - The 4-5 year products show yields from 2.03% to 2.31%, with spreads between 23 and 47 basis points, which have compressed slightly due to institutional configurations, enhancing cost-effectiveness [2][32] - Long-term credit products (5 years and above) offer coupon advantages but test the stability of liabilities, with institutions needing to be cautious in the current volatile market [3][34] Group 2: Market Overview - The credit bond market has seen a general rise in yields, with a divergence in credit spreads, influenced by new fund sales regulations and policy expectations ahead of major meetings [11][12] - Short and medium-term pure bond fund net values have declined, with a cumulative drop of 1.71 basis points and 11.82 basis points respectively over the week [12][18] - The report notes that institutional investors have been net sellers of bonds, with a total net sell-off of 22.477 billion yuan, particularly in the 7-10 year category, while insurance and wealth management products continue to increase their credit bond allocations [22][24] Group 3: Key Policies and Events - The report highlights the optimization of merger note mechanisms by the China Interbank Market Dealers Association, which broadens the support for mergers and enhances funding flexibility [4][36] - The restructuring of state-owned enterprises in Shanxi province aims to improve strategic decision-making efficiency and clarify regulatory boundaries [4][37] - In Chongqing, several state-owned enterprises have consolidated financial equity through stock transfers, leading to more effective management of financial resources [4][37]

Group 1: Credit Strategy and Market Overview - The credit bond market has experienced narrow fluctuations in yields, with a divergence in credit spreads. The market is currently influenced by geopolitical tensions and a pullback in US equities, leading to a weakened risk appetite for equities, while the bond market lacks a clear trading direction [1][8] - The excess spread of credit bond ETFs has risen significantly, indicating a rebound after a period of decline. This is attributed to the overall weak performance of credit bonds and the good liquidity of constituent bonds, which have seen a significant drop in valuation [1][9] - The current period is seen as a good window for accumulating interest-bearing assets, with the yield spread for 3-year bonds compressed below the lowest point expected for 2024, suggesting a low cost-performance ratio [1][12] Group 2: Long-term Credit Opportunities - There is a notable increase in the allocation of long-term credit bonds (10 years and above) by insurance and other products, indicating a trend towards extending duration for yield enhancement. Funds have shown a net buying trend for bonds with maturities of 5-7 years while slightly selling off 7-10 year bonds [2][21] - The yield for long-term credit bonds rated AA+ and above is currently in the range of 2.14%-2.66%, with credit spreads between 22-60 basis points, indicating sufficient spread protection [2][21] Group 3: Key Policies and Events - Jilin Province has met the conditions to exit the list of high-risk debt provinces, which is expected to open up new financing opportunities for regional development and bond issuance [3][27] - The support from Shenzhen Metro Group for Vanke's healthy development is crucial as Vanke faces significant operational challenges and debt repayment pressures [3][27] - CICC plans to merge with Dongxing Securities and Xinda Securities, which is expected to enhance market recognition and resource integration following regulatory support for brokerage mergers [3][27]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content 2. Core View of the Report - The current bond market is in a pricing dilemma with long - term interest rates remaining flat, making band - trading difficult. Investors are turning to coupon assets. Seeking relatively cost - effective assets may be a better choice[1][10] - Focus on varieties and entities with large yield increases but slow repair processes during the July - November bond market adjustment - repair cycle, as they may experience a catch - up rally[2][10] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Credit Market Performance Analysis - From November 10 - 14, interest - rate bonds fluctuated narrowly, and the yield curve flattened. General credit bonds performed weakly with most credit spreads widening slightly. Bank secondary and perpetual (two - Yong) bonds had a catch - up rally, outperforming general credit bonds[9] - For general credit bonds, medium - to high - grade long - term varieties were severely affected and repaired slowly during the bond market adjustment. From July 7 to November 14, the yields of 7 - 15 - year AAA and AA+ urban investment bonds increased significantly by 25 - 40bp, and credit spreads widened by 6 - 10bp, with 30 - year spreads widening by 12 - 14bp[2][10] - Some private and perpetual bonds had weaker performance than ordinary bonds during the adjustment - repair cycle, with higher current variety spreads. There are opportunities to obtain higher coupons by sacrificing some liquidity[3][14] 3.2 Investment Opportunity Recommendations - For general credit bonds, pay attention to medium - to high - grade long - term varieties and some issuers of 2 - 3 - year or 3 - 5 - year credit bonds with large yield adjustments[2][12] - Focus on entities with excess returns in perpetual bonds. 37 entities were screened based on certain criteria such as implicit rating, bond stock, average yield, and variety spread[3][16] - Bank two - Yong bonds still have cost - effectiveness compared to general credit bonds. However, they face challenges due to the unimplemented new regulations on fund sales fees and are more suitable for accounts with relatively stable liability ends or those insensitive to drawdowns[3][18] - Three - year medium - to high - grade securities company subordinated bonds have a coupon advantage over the same - term and same - grade bank secondary capital bonds, suitable for accounts with low liquidity requirements[5][20] 3.3 Specific Bond Type Analysis 3.3.1 Urban Investment Bonds - From November 1 - 16, 2025, urban investment bond net financing was negative, and the outflow scale increased. The issuance rate dropped significantly to a historical low. In the secondary market, the 3 - 5 - year market cooled, and credit spreads widened slightly[26][27] 3.3.2 Industrial Bonds - In November, industrial bond issuance and net financing increased year - on - year. The 3 - 5 - year issuance proportion increased significantly, and the issuance rate declined across the board, with a larger decline in the 3 - 5 - year segment[34][35]

Group 1 - The report emphasizes maintaining duration as the year-end approaches, with a focus on medium to long-term credit varieties, particularly 4-5 year products which show marginal improvement in cost-performance despite still low spread levels [2][10][12] - The current yield range for long-term credit bonds (5 years and above) rated AA+ and above is between 2.16% and 2.66%, indicating a certain level of yield cost-performance [3][10] - The report notes that funds have significantly increased their allocation to 5-year and above credit bonds, reflecting a trend towards extending duration for yield [3][10] Group 2 - The report highlights key policies and events, including Tianjin's measures to support high-quality development of REITs, which aim to enhance capital market services for the real economy [4][19] - The upcoming revision of the "Commercial Bank M&A Loan Management Measures" is expected to broaden the scope of applicable loans and optimize loan conditions, which could facilitate mergers and acquisitions [4][19][24] - The report mentions that the National Development and Reform Commission has recommended 105 infrastructure REITs projects to the CSRC, with 83 already issued, indicating a normalization in the issuance of infrastructure REITs [4][19][24] Group 3 - The report indicates that the credit bond market has seen a majority of yields decline, with financial bonds performing better, while credit spreads have shown divergence [6][10] - The issuance scale of credit bonds this week was 269.9 billion, a decrease of 20.5 billion from the previous week, with net financing also down [7][10] - The report notes a decrease in trading activity in both the interbank and exchange markets for credit bonds, suggesting a decline in market liquidity [7][10]

Group 1 - The core conclusion of the report indicates a significant increase in the subscription enthusiasm for public REITs since the beginning of 2025, with subscription multiples reaching historical highs. However, there is a notable divergence between the primary and secondary markets, where new projects have high offline subscription multiples but experience significantly reduced first-day price increases, even hitting new lows for the year [1][10][12] - The report attributes this divergence to three main factors: a general decline in the secondary market, increased caution among investors, and a shift in market sentiment towards stricter quality requirements for underlying assets [1][12][16] - The report highlights that since July 2025, the first-day turnover rates of newly listed REITs have remained high, indicating a strong participation of short-term speculative funds that tend to sell off on the first day, exerting downward pressure on the secondary market [1][16][22] Group 2 - The report notes that the expansion of the inquiry range and the pricing of new projects close to the upper limit of the inquiry range have narrowed the valuation gap between the primary and secondary markets, thereby squeezing the profit margins in the secondary market [2][19] - It emphasizes that the recent phenomenon of divergence in the REITs market is a result of multiple factors, including asset quality, market sentiment, funding behavior, and pricing mechanisms. As the new subscription yields continue to converge, the market is expected to shift from "short-term speculation" to "long-term allocation" [1][22] - The report suggests that investors should be cautious when participating in primary subscriptions and focus more on the quality of underlying assets. It identifies water conservancy and heating projects as having higher operational stability among listed asset types, while new asset types may receive valuation premiums upon listing, particularly in port and cultural tourism assets [1][22] Group 3 - The credit bond market review indicates mixed performance in credit bond yields, with public bonds generally outperforming bank perpetual bonds. The yields of 5-year public bonds decreased by 4-6 basis points, while 7-year bonds saw a decline of 2-4 basis points [23][24] - The report states that the issuance scale and net financing scale of credit bonds increased week-on-week, with a total issuance of 4,671.65 billion yuan, up 1,253 billion yuan from the previous week [32] - It also highlights that the average issuance interest rate of credit bonds decreased to 2.15%, down 7.4 basis points week-on-week, with significant declines observed in financial bonds due to a higher proportion of AAA-rated bonds [39][40]