Core Viewpoint - The research team led by Professor Wang Chengbao from Northwest A&F University has developed an inactivated vaccine for pigeon Newcastle disease (PN06 strain), which has officially received the national Class II new veterinary drug certificate, marking a significant breakthrough in the independent research and development of biological products for pigeons in China [1]. Group 1: Vaccine Development - The PN06 strain vaccine is the first domestically approved veterinary drug product that has not been formally marketed in China, representing a high innovation benchmark in the veterinary field due to the high development barriers and long cycles associated with vaccine biological products [1]. - The vaccine is designed to address the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with pigeon Newcastle disease, which has historically relied on chicken Newcastle disease vaccines with limited efficacy and frequent immunization failures [1]. Group 2: Research and Testing - Since 2016, the research team has screened advantageous strains from hundreds of disease samples across the country, successfully cultivating the PN06 strain with good immunogenicity after overcoming key technical challenges in virus culture purification and inactivation process optimization [1]. - The vaccine completed laboratory research in 2019 and underwent two years of clinical trials to verify its safety and effectiveness [1]. Group 3: Market Impact - The vaccine is suitable for all breeds and ages of pigeons, with minimal stress response post-vaccination and a protection rate exceeding 90%, along with a long-lasting immune duration [1]. - This development addresses the issues of high prices and mismatched strains associated with imported vaccines, filling a gap in the supply of high-quality domestic vaccines for pigeons [1]. Group 4: Industry Context - China has the largest scale of pigeon farming globally, but the disease prevention and control system remains weak [1]. - The research team has established the most comprehensive resource bank of pigeon source strains and bacterial strains in the country and plans to continue advancing the development of a series of pigeon vaccines and drugs [1].

Core Viewpoint - The development of Earth system science should integrate geographical thinking, atmospheric science, and systematic scientific methods to construct a coupling mechanism between ecology and economics, effectively serving national strategic needs and providing solid support for sustainable development strategies [1]. Group 1: Earth System Science Development - Earth system science should combine various disciplinary knowledge and research methods to address complex issues and provide scientific evidence for ecological restoration [1][4]. - The integration of geography with other disciplines, such as mathematics, physics, and information technology, has transformed geography from a descriptive discipline to a predictive modern science [7][8]. Group 2: Research Focus and Findings - Significant findings from research on the Loess Plateau include the main reasons for the reduction of sediment in the Yellow River, the trade-offs in ecosystem services, and the universality of small watershed governance [12][13]. - Recent research has focused on optimizing and balancing carbon sequestration, soil and water conservation, and water source conservation in the Loess Plateau [13][14]. Group 3: Global Drought Ecosystem Initiative - A global scientific initiative on drought ecosystems was launched based on research experiences from the Loess Plateau, aiming to address land degradation and water resource shortages in arid regions worldwide [17]. - The initiative covers priority research areas such as dynamic changes in arid ecosystems, structural and functional changes, and ecosystem management for sustainable livelihoods [17]. Group 4: Geographic Education and Talent Development - Geographic education should be continuous and focused, starting from early education to cultivate interest and understanding of geography [21][22]. - The qualities needed for geographic research include interdisciplinary skills and systematic thinking to address complex human-environment systems [23].

晚年的卢昌义，又积极投身厦门生态修复工作。多年来，他亲自设计、建设了厦门筼筜湖、海沧蓝 色海湾、环东海域浪漫线等多项红树林生态修复重点工程。这里新建设的每一片红树林，几乎都由他的 团队造就。 红树林生长在潮间带，种树、做研究时常要踩进没过膝盖的淤泥。曾经在勘察时，卢昌义被海蛎石 严重割伤，缝了23针，那道疤痕被他戏称为"科研勋章"。"生态人，就是要撸起袖子、卷起裤腿，弯下 身子、脚踏实地。"这是他常挂在嘴边的话，也是他一生的写照。 1980年，卢昌义跟随导师、"中国红树林之父"林鹏院士，踏上填补国内红树林研究空白的征程。那 时，国际学界认为，"中国的红树林已经消失"。为摸清，我国红树林生存状况，卢昌义在导师带领下开 展长达10余年的田野调查与定点跟踪。从那时起，他的双脚，便深深扎进了祖国东南沿海的滩涂淤泥之 中。 他们通过人工驯化、自然淘汰，突破各类红树引种技术难题，攻克红树引种的技术禁区，让被 判"生态死刑"的物种在祖国海岸线重新奏起生命交响曲。 "只有提高生物多样性，红树林群落才能更加稳定。"为稳定红树林群落，修复脆弱的生态系统，卢 昌义思考着"南红北移"的可能性。历时多年反复验证，他成功将海南的木榄、红 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the need for global consensus on AI governance to maximize benefits and minimize risks, highlighting China's initiative to lead this effort [1][6]. - China is proposing the establishment of a global AI coordination body, the World AI Cooperation Organization, which aligns with the interests of all nations and encourages government participation [3][6]. - The article notes that while AI models have significant potential for scientific and economic advancement, they also pose risks such as exacerbating inequality and spreading misinformation, which have not been adequately addressed in the current competitive landscape [5][6]. Group 2 - The article points out that the United States lacks a unified regulatory body for AI, relying instead on fragmented state legislation and self-regulation by companies, which has resulted in low safety ratings for major tech firms [5][6]. - In contrast, China is actively integrating AI across various sectors and has implemented regulations requiring safety assessments for AI models, including embedding identifiable markers in generated content to prevent fraud [6][8]. - The global governance of AI is seen as a necessity, with existing frameworks like the OECD's AI Principles and the EU's AI Framework Convention being criticized for their lack of enforceability and effectiveness [8].

Core Viewpoint - The Southern Power Grid Company of China is committed to advancing energy security and promoting a green, low-carbon energy transition while enhancing its technological capabilities and operational efficiency [1][2][3]. Group 1: Achievements and Developments - The Southern Power Grid has established a robust power supply network, serving 273 million users across 1 million square kilometers, ensuring reliable electricity supply for high-quality economic development [1]. - The company has completed fixed asset investments of 737.3 billion yuan during the 14th Five-Year Plan, a 23% increase from the previous plan, supporting economic recovery [2]. - The Southern Power Grid's electricity market has initiated continuous settlement trials, marking a significant milestone in the establishment of a unified national electricity market [2][3]. Group 2: Strategic Initiatives - The company is focusing on digital transformation and green energy development, with non-fossil energy installations reaching 66% and accounting for over 50% of electricity generation [4]. - The Southern Power Grid is actively promoting the construction of four major industrial clusters, including digital, energy storage, comprehensive energy, and electric vehicle charging industries, to drive growth [4][5]. - The company has established a user ecosystem operation company to enhance service offerings and link over 500 industry partners, facilitating shared infrastructure development [5]. Group 3: Future Directions - The Southern Power Grid aims to transition into a digital grid operator, energy value chain integrator, and energy ecosystem service provider, aligning with high-quality development goals [4][6]. - The company plans to enhance its core competitiveness through initiatives in service, technology, talent, digitalization, ecology, standards, quality, branding, and culture [6]. - The Southern Power Grid is committed to supporting national strategies and contributing to the modernization and revitalization of the country over the next five years [6].

Core Insights - The research team has provided strong evidence that the accretion disk and jets of a black hole "dance" in sync during the process of the black hole consuming a star, offering crucial insights into the formation mechanisms of black hole accretion and jets [1][2]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study focused on the tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2020afhd, located 120 million light-years away in the galaxy LEDA 145386, revealing significant findings [2]. - After 215 days of optical observation, the X-ray brightness of the event exhibited dramatic fluctuations every 19.6 days, with an amplitude exceeding 10 times, while the radio wave brightness also fluctuated with an amplitude over 4 times, indicating a synchronized oscillation between the accretion disk and jets [2]. - The phenomenon suggests that the accretion disk and jets operate as a cohesive unit, akin to a spinning top, moving rhythmically in response to the black hole's activity [2]. Group 2: Theoretical Implications - The observed "dance" may be linked to the "Lense-Thirring effect" predicted by general relativity, where a rotating black hole drags the surrounding spacetime, causing the tilted accretion disk and the perpendicular jets to oscillate together [2]. - This research marks the first time evidence of the coordinated motion of the accretion disk and jets has been captured on the same timescale [2]. Group 3: Future Research Directions - The phenomenon may be more common than previously thought, with past observational limitations hindering its discovery [3]. - Ongoing and future projects like the Sky Survey and Einstein Probe are expected to conduct extensive, multi-band, and high-frequency monitoring across the sky, likely leading to the discovery of more such events and enhancing the understanding of black hole accretion physics [3].

Core Insights - The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in research activities has led to new forms of academic misconduct, including paper writing, data fabrication, and implicit plagiarism, posing significant challenges to academic integrity [1] Group 1: AI Usage in Research - The use of generative AI in research is increasing, with only 7% of authors disclosing its use in submissions, contrasting sharply with surveys indicating over 50% usage [2] - Instances of "hallucination citations" have been observed, where references are cited that do not exist, with some papers containing up to 10 to 15 such citations [2] Group 2: Editorial Policies and Practices - Papers that improperly use AI without disclosure will be rejected, and authors may be informed about the need for education on appropriate AI usage [3] - The rejection rate for papers due to improper AI use is currently low, with only a few instances in the past month [4] - The journal does not support the use of AI to replace researchers' work in generating scientific insights, analyzing data, or drawing conclusions [5] Group 3: Acceptable AI Applications - Authors are encouraged to use generative AI to improve grammar and language expression, as well as to summarize existing research, provided they disclose its use [7] Group 4: Addressing Integrity Challenges - The journal has established an internal working group focused on research integrity, monitoring ongoing cases, and adapting to external guidelines [8] - A research integrity committee is being planned to address the impact of generative AI on academic integrity, with a launch meeting scheduled for February next year [8] Group 5: Principles for AI Use - Researchers and editors should view AI as an auxiliary tool, being cautious of its limitations and the potential risks of de-skilling the next generation of researchers [9]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles emphasizes the need for global cooperation and governance in AI development to maximize benefits and minimize risks, with China proposing the establishment of a World AI Cooperation Organization [1][4] - There is a growing concern regarding the risks associated with AI models, including their potential to exacerbate inequality, facilitate crime, and spread misinformation, with the lack of a unified regulatory framework in the U.S. being highlighted [2][3] - China is actively integrating AI across various sectors and has implemented regulations requiring safety assessments for AI models, aiming to ensure traceability and corporate responsibility [3][4] Group 2 - The global efforts for AI regulation, such as the OECD's AI Principles and the EU's AI Framework, are currently limited by their lack of enforceability and insufficient execution [4] - The establishment of the World AI Cooperation Organization is seen as a necessary step towards effective AI governance, drawing parallels to the regulatory model of the International Atomic Energy Agency [4] - China's initiative to create a global AI coordination body is welcomed, encouraging participation from global researchers and institutions to reach a consensus on AI safety and utilization [4]

Core Viewpoint - The production of mercury thermometers and blood pressure monitors will be banned in China starting January 1, 2026, as part of the country's commitment to the Minamata Convention on Mercury, reflecting ecological and medical safety principles [2][3]. Group 1: Reasons for the Ban - The ban is a specific measure to fulfill the Minamata Convention, which includes prohibiting the mining of primary mercury, controlling mercury resource use, and gradually phasing out mercury-containing medical products [2]. - Mercury, known for its high toxicity and non-degradability, poses significant health risks, including acute poisoning and long-term neurological damage, especially to vulnerable populations like children and pregnant women [2][3]. - The inefficiency of mercury thermometers in emergency situations, requiring patients to remain still for 5 to 10 minutes, highlights their limitations in modern medical practices [2][3]. Group 2: Safe Alternatives to Mercury Thermometers - Electronic thermometers, which do not contain mercury, are emerging as ideal replacements, with types including non-contact and contact models [4]. - Non-contact models, such as forehead and ear thermometers, use infrared technology but can be affected by environmental conditions, while contact models provide results comparable to mercury thermometers in a shorter time [4][5]. - Gallium-indium-tin thermometers are also considered potential replacements due to their non-toxic nature and similar measurement performance, although they face challenges in technology maturity and market acceptance [5][6]. Group 3: Future Developments and Considerations - There is a need for advancements in high-precision sensors and product quality control to meet the demands of critical care environments and consumer expectations for low-cost measurement tools [5][6]. - The integration of big data and IoT technologies is essential for transforming thermometers from simple measuring devices into smart health management tools [6].

据介绍，中车戚墅堰所年产800台齿轮箱项目首批下线的7款产品，未来可以与目前主流的7－16兆瓦的 整机产品相匹配，可以在内蒙古以及"三北"地区实现完全消纳。该项目全面达产后，预计可实现新增产 值10亿元，提供超过300个就业岗位。 包头中车戚墅堰所风电传动有限公司总经理徐瀚说："下一步，我们将以更大力度嵌入本地风电整机企 业的产业链，为客户提供全球一流的风电传动系统解决方案和全生命周期服务。" "团队攻克了'沙戈荒'地区高风沙、极端温差等痛点，实现低温密封、防腐、防尘、散热等核心技术的 突破，同时，能与明阳6－18兆瓦陆上风机形成适配，为新能源项目提供更高效、更可靠的核心支 撑。"中车戚墅堰所风电装备事业部副总经理张保松介绍，这是我国风电装备核心技术自主可控道路上 的一次重要突破，为应对全球最恶劣风场环境提供了"中国方案"。 科技日报讯 （记者夏天一 通讯员张划）记者12月10日从中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所股份有限公司 （以下简称"中车戚墅堰所"）获悉，该公司年产800台齿轮箱项目在内蒙古自治区包头市风电装备制造 产业园正式投产。这填补了内蒙古在大兆瓦风电齿轮箱总装集成和试验验证领域的空白，使该产业园成 为 ...