欧洲央行管委西姆库斯：通胀低于预期的风险大于高于预期的风险。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve's policy direction is becoming a central battleground in U.S. politics and economics, influenced by President Trump's pressure for interest rate cuts and the complexities of global economic uncertainty and tariff policies [1][3]. Group 1: Pressure on the Federal Reserve - President Trump has publicly called for the Federal Reserve to lower interest rates to between 0.5% and 1.75%, criticizing the current leadership for being slow and costing the U.S. economy "hundreds of billions" [3]. - The current policy rate is maintained at 4.25%-4.5%, significantly higher than Trump's target, with Fed officials emphasizing that policy decisions should be data-driven [4][5]. - The Fed's cautious stance is attributed to persistent inflation risks and the need to maintain its independence from political pressures [5]. Group 2: Transition Planning for Fed Leadership - Treasury Secretary Mnuchin is preparing for the transition of the Fed chair position after Powell's term ends in May 2026, aiming for a smooth nomination process in late 2025 [6][8]. - Potential candidates for the Fed chair include current Fed Governor Waller, who is familiar with monetary policy frameworks [7]. - The government plans to follow traditional procedures for the nomination process, contrasting with Trump's high-profile pressure tactics [8]. Group 3: Economic Data as Decision-Making Factors - Key economic data from July to August will be critical for the Fed's decision-making, including employment reports and inflation data [10]. - If employment data indicates a cooling labor market, it may open the door for a rate cut in September [10]. - The upcoming tariff policy decisions will also significantly impact inflation expectations and the Fed's approach [10]. Group 4: Future Outlook - The ongoing conflict over interest rates has evolved into a broader debate about the Fed's independence, with potential implications for economic stability [11]. - If summer data supports a rate cut, tensions may ease; however, persistent inflation could exacerbate conflicts between the White House and the Fed, affecting market stability [11]. - Market participants are advised to closely monitor key economic data and Fed officials' statements for signals of policy shifts [11].

所长 早读 国泰君安期货 2025-07-01 期 请务必阅读正文之后的免责条款部分 1 期货研究 期货研究 所长 早读 今 日 发 现 央行主管媒体《金融时报》发文称"适度宽松"的主基调未变 观点分享： 此前，央行二季度例会删去了"择机降准降息"措辞，引发市场关注。《金融时报》发 文称，在货币政策取向方面，二季度例会与一季度相同。业内专家认为，尽管上半年经济运 行稳中向好，但在外部环境仍具挑战性，国内有效需求不足，房地产市场仍处调整阶段的背 景下，货币政策"适度宽松"的主基调未发生任何变化。相较于一季度例会提出"择机降准 降息"，本次例会则提出"根据国内外经济金融形势和金融市场运行情况，灵活把握政策实 施的力度和节奏"。措辞虽有调整，但中国人民银行将继续坚持支持性的货币政策立场。 所 长 首 推 | 板块 | 关注指数 | | --- | --- | | 国债期货 | ★★★★ | 国债期货: 央行货币政策例会引发债市回调，未来仍看震荡。上周末央行发布 2025 年二季度 货币政策委员会例会通稿。其中对于择机降准降息的删除使得市场降低了三季度继续降准降 息的预期，给周一的债市带来了扰动。同时，通稿折射出央行 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints - The market sentiment is improving, especially in the black sector, due to the non - appearance of expected significant demand data decline, high - level hot metal production, rising overseas expectations for a July interest rate cut, and potential progress in Sino - US tariff issues [34]. - For most commodities, although short - term market sentiment may drive price rebounds, the fundamental outlook remains bearish, with concerns about demand weakening, supply overcapacity, and potential cost reductions [34][35][38]. Summary by Category Macro Finance - **Stock Index**: The previous trading day saw gains in major stock indices, with the Shanghai Composite Index up 0.59%, ChiNext up 1.35%, etc. The total trading volume of the two markets was 1517.6 billion yuan, a decrease of 58.1 billion yuan from the previous day. It is recommended to buy long IF index futures contracts on dips and there is no arbitrage recommendation [2][5]. - **Treasury Bond**: The yields of treasury bond futures fell on Monday. The economic data in June showed some improvement, and the central bank maintained liquidity injection. It is expected that interest rates will generally decline in the second half of the year, and it is advisable to enter the market on dips [6][7]. - **Precious Metals**: The prices of gold and silver rose. The US economic data was weak, increasing market expectations for the Fed's monetary policy to loosen. It is recommended to hold a long - term view on silver prices and expect gold prices to be weak. The operating range of Shanghai gold is 732 - 786 yuan/gram, and that of Shanghai silver is 8561 - 9075 yuan/kilogram [8][10][11]. Non - ferrous Metals - **Copper**: The copper price fluctuated. The LME inventory decreased, and the domestic social and bonded area inventories decreased slightly. The copper price may continue to rise in the short term but the upward momentum may weaken, with the operating range of Shanghai copper at 79000 - 80500 yuan/ton and LME copper at 9750 - 10000 US dollars/ton [13]. - **Aluminum**: The aluminum price was relatively firm. The domestic inventory increased slightly, and the LME inventory was at a low level. The aluminum price is expected to be volatile, with the operating range of the domestic main contract at 20300 - 20800 yuan/ton and LME aluminum at 2560 - 2620 US dollars/ton [14]. - **Zinc**: The zinc price rose slightly. The zinc ore supply is high, and the production of zinc ingots is expected to increase. A strike at a Peruvian zinc smelter may disturb the market sentiment. The LME Cash - 3S structure is rising, which supports the zinc price [15][16]. - **Lead**: The lead price was strong. The primary lead supply is high, the recycled lead supply is tight, and the demand from downstream battery enterprises is improving. The LME lead 7 - month contract has a high concentration of long - positions, and the Cash - 3S structure is strengthening. However, the weak domestic consumption may limit the increase of Shanghai lead [17]. - **Nickel**: The nickel price fluctuated. The nickel ore supply is expected to loosen, and the cost support is weakening. It is recommended to short on rallies, with the operating range of Shanghai nickel at 115000 - 128000 yuan/ton and LME nickel at 14500 - 16500 US dollars/ton [18]. - **Tin**: The tin price fell slightly. The supply of tin ore is tight, and the production of refined tin is expected to decrease. The terminal demand is weak. The tin price is expected to fluctuate in the range of 250000 - 280000 yuan/ton in the domestic market and 31000 - 34000 US dollars/ton in the LME market [19][20]. - **Carbonate Lithium**: The price of carbonate lithium decreased. The production is at a historical high, and the downstream demand is in the off - season. The inventory is increasing. It is recommended to be cautious about the upward space of the price, with the operating range of the Guangzhou Futures Exchange's 2509 contract at 61200 - 63000 yuan/ton [21]. - **Alumina**: The alumina price rose slightly. The production capacity is in surplus, and the price is expected to be weakly volatile. It is recommended to short on rallies, with the operating range of the domestic main contract AO2509 at 2750 - 3100 yuan/ton [22]. - **Stainless Steel**: The stainless steel price was weak. The supply is high, and the downstream demand has not improved substantially. It is expected to be weakly volatile in the short term [23]. - **Cast Aluminum Alloy**: The price of cast aluminum alloy fluctuated slightly. The supply and demand are weak, and the price is expected to be volatile. It is necessary to pay attention to the change of the premium of the futures over the spot [24]. Black Building Materials - **Steel**: The prices of rebar and hot - rolled coil fluctuated. The demand in the off - season is weak, and the inventory is at a relatively healthy level. It is necessary to pay attention to policy changes and demand recovery [26][27]. - **Iron Ore**: The iron ore price was volatile. The supply decreased, the demand was stable, and the inventory increased. The iron ore price is expected to be widely volatile in the short term [28][29]. - **Glass and Soda Ash**: The glass price fell slightly, and the soda ash price was stable. The demand for glass is weak, and the supply of soda ash is in surplus. Both are expected to be weakly volatile [30]. - **Manganese Silicon and Ferrosilicon**: The prices of manganese silicon and ferrosilicon fell slightly. Although the short - term market sentiment may drive a rebound, the fundamental outlook is bearish. It is recommended to be cautious and wait for hedging opportunities [31][32][34]. - **Industrial Silicon**: The industrial silicon price rose slightly. The supply is in surplus, and the demand is insufficient. It is recommended to wait for hedging opportunities during the rebound [36][38]. Energy and Chemicals - **Rubber**: NR and RU fluctuated. The bulls expect price increases due to potential production cuts, while the bears are concerned about weak demand. It is recommended to wait and see or use a neutral short - term trading strategy [40][41][42]. - **Crude Oil**: The WTI crude oil price fell, and the Brent crude oil price rose. The geopolitical risk has been released, and the oil price has reached a reasonable range. It is advisable to hold short positions but not to short further [43]. - **Methanol**: The methanol price fell. The inventory is low, and the demand is short - term stable. It is recommended to wait and see [44]. - **Urea**: The urea price fell. The production decreased, the domestic demand is in the off - season, and the export is ongoing. The price is expected to be range - bound [45]. - **Styrene**: The styrene price is expected to be volatile and bearish. The cost is stable, the supply is increasing, and the demand is in the off - season [46]. - **PVC**: The PVC price fell. The supply is strong, the demand is weak, and the cost is expected to rise. The price is expected to be under pressure [48]. - **Ethylene Glycol**: The ethylene glycol price fell. The supply and demand are both expected to weaken, and the inventory is expected to decrease slowly. It is recommended to short on rallies [49]. - **PTA**: The PTA price rose. The supply is expected to decrease, and the demand is under pressure. It is recommended to go long on dips following PX [50][51]. - **Para - xylene**: The PX price rose. The supply is high, and the demand is expected to increase. It is recommended to go long on dips following crude oil [52]. - **Polyethylene (PE)**: The PE price is expected to be volatile. The supply pressure may ease, and the demand is in the off - season [53]. - **Polypropylene (PP)**: The PP price is expected to be bearish in July. The supply is expected to increase, and the demand is in the off - season [54]. Agricultural Products - **Hogs**: The hog price rose. The short - term supply may be limited, but the demand is stable. It is recommended to go long on dips for near - term contracts and short on rallies for long - term contracts [56]. - **Eggs**: The egg price mostly fell. The supply and demand are balanced in the short term. It is recommended to short on rebounds in the medium term and reduce short positions or wait and see in the short term [57]. - **Soybean and Rapeseed Meal**: The US soybean price fluctuated. The domestic soybean meal price was slightly adjusted. The supply is high, and the demand is weak. It is recommended to go long on dips at the lower end of the cost range [58][59]. - **Oils and Fats**: The domestic oil price fluctuated. The import data is weak, but there are some supportive factors. The oil price is expected to be volatile [60][61][62]. - **Sugar**: The sugar price was strong. The Brazilian sugar production is expected to decrease, but the import profit and chaotic futures spreads limit the upward space. The sugar price may enter a consolidation phase [63][64]. - **Cotton**: The cotton price fluctuated. The US cotton quality is poor, and the domestic supply and demand are stable. The cotton price is expected to continue to rebound, and attention should be paid to the Sino - US negotiation results [65][66].

Core Insights - The Trump administration's implementation of a reciprocal tariff policy resulted in additional tariffs ranging from 10% to 49% on most imported goods, which was later adjusted to a 10% rate due to market volatility [1][2] - The tariff policy led to a significant increase in tariff revenue, with April's revenue reaching $17.43 billion, a year-on-year increase of 130%, and May's revenue surpassing $24 billion, a 270% increase, setting historical records [2] - Despite the increase in tariffs, inflation rates remained stable, with the core CPI showing a consistent year-on-year increase of around 2.8% since March, and the overall CPI rising only 2.4% in May [4] Tariff Revenue Analysis - Tariff revenue for June was projected to exceed $28 billion, indicating a continuous record-breaking trend over three months [2] - The 10% tariff rate appears to balance corporate profits while maintaining product supply in the U.S. market, thus enhancing tariff revenue [2] Inflation and Price Stability - The anticipated inflation surge did not materialize, with May's major goods showing only a 0.3% year-on-year price increase, and some goods, like televisions and smartphones, experiencing price declines of 9.8% and 14.3%, respectively [4][6] - The automotive sector, despite facing a 25% tariff, saw a minimal price increase of only 0.4% [4] Future Implications - U.S. importers have been stockpiling low-tariff goods prior to the policy implementation, which has temporarily masked the impact of the tariff increases on prices [6] - The delayed effect of price transmission through the supply chain suggests that the full impact of tariffs may not be felt until later, with July being a critical month [6] - Importers are currently absorbing some of the tariff costs, but this situation is unsustainable in the long term, especially if tariffs are further increased [6] - Predictions indicate that the average effective tariff rate may rise to 15% in the coming months, with core CPI expected to increase to between 3% and 3.5% by the end of 2025, suggesting potential future price pressures on consumers [6]

尽管高盛认可当前美国劳动力市场整体仍处于 "健康" 状态，但也发出预警。他们指出，当下求职者面临的竞争压力显著增大，而且残余季节性因素的影 响，以及移民政策的变动，都给近期的就业数据带来了下行风险。 KVB plus发现在全球金融市场密切关注美联储货币政策走向之际，国际投行高盛突然抛出重磅预测，大幅调整对美联储降息时间的判断，引发市场广泛关 注。高盛一改此前预期，明确表示美联储将提前三个月，于今年 9 月启动降息周期，而非原先预计的 12 月。这一调整背后，高盛经济研究团队给出了关键 依据，他们认为关税对通胀产生的实际影响 "比预期稍弱"。 以首席经济学家简・哈祖斯 (Jan Hatzius) 为首的高盛研究团队，在发布的报告中详细阐述了观点。他们指出，尽管经济形势仍存在诸多不确定性，但综合多 方面因素判断，9 月降息的概率已略高于 50%。具体而言，关税政策未达预期效果、通缩对冲力度不断加大、劳动力市场出现实质性疲软，或是因月度经济 数据波动引发市场恐慌等情况，都有可能促使美联储在 9 月做出降息决策。报告还着重强调，高盛推测美联储高层也持有相同观点，即关税对物价的影响仅 为一次性，不会形成持续性的通胀压力 ...

欧洲央行行长拉加德6月30日在葡萄牙辛特拉参加欧洲央行中央银行论坛时表示，欧洲央行将在"不确定 时期继续充当稳定之锚"。 本次论坛将从6月30日持续至7月2日，主题为"适应变化：宏观经济转型与政策应对"。除欧盟各国央行 行长外，美联储主席鲍威尔、英国央行行长贝利、日本央行行长植田和男和韩国央行行长李昌镛也参加 了论坛，并将于1日和拉加德一起参加小组讨论。 在本次论坛开始前的一次播客采访中，欧洲央行首席经济学家菲利普·莱恩就强调称，这场有五家央行 行长参与的小组讨论将是整个论坛的亮点，或就全球贸易紧张和中东局势如何影响通胀和增长前景发表 看法。 据卢萨社报道，拉加德在当日开幕的论坛上发布了欧洲央行最新货币政策战略评估，决定维持2%的通 胀目标，并认为"调和消费者物价指数（IHPC）仍是适当的价格衡量指标"。不过，她表示有必要将业 主自住房的居住成本纳入通胀统计，尽管欧洲统计局目前尚未这样做，但各国央行行长们已经将其纳入 考量。 根据战略评估，欧洲央行认为"在应对通胀率长期大幅偏离目标的情况下，有必要采取适当有力或持续 的货币政策措施。"拉加德指出，结构性变化表明，未来环境将保持不确定性并更具波动性。 欧洲央行中 ...

智通财经APP获悉，美国亚特兰大联储主席拉斐尔·博斯蒂克表示，关税导致的价格上涨可能是渐进式 的，而不是一次性的，这可能会导致通胀持续面临上行压力。他还预计，美联储今年仅降息一次。 博斯蒂克周一表示，以往通过分析供应冲击来应对问题的方法这次可能并不适用，并补充说，官员们需 要密切关注全球化趋势以及在低成本地区生产商品的模式的转变对通胀和经济的潜在影响。 博斯蒂克表示，他预计今年会降息一次，2026年会降息三次，但他也指出，这些预测存在很大的不确定 性。 他还预计通胀率最终能够回到2%的水平，而无需进行任何加息操作。 博斯蒂克重申了他的观点，即目前没有足够的信息来考虑调整利率。他还表示，美联储有"从容"的余 地，可以等待更多信息的出炉，因为美国的劳动力市场看起来依然稳健。 但他明确表示，他预计价格即将上涨，并援引亚特兰大联储银行的调查结果称，企业预计将把关税成本 转嫁给客户。 博斯蒂克周一表示："风险已经渗透到消费者和企业领导人的心理。" 美联储官员之间出现了分歧，他们对关税将如何影响通胀持不同看法。 本月早些时候美联储政策会议上发布的预测显示，10位官员将忽略关税带来的价格影响，并预计今年至 少降息两次。但有 ...

Group 1 - The core narrative of inflation concerns has weakened, leading to a strong performance in the U.S. bond market in the first half of 2025, with the 10-year Treasury yield dropping by 35 basis points, the largest decline in five years [1][3] - The easing of geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, particularly between Israel and Iran, has contributed to a decrease in oil prices from over $75 per barrel to below $65, alleviating inflation fears [3] - Despite increased tariffs leading to higher import costs for businesses, consumer inflation has remained low, with a mere 0.1% month-over-month increase in May, below the expected 0.2% [3][4] Group 2 - Economists believe that the impact of tariffs on inflation may have a lagging effect, with significant price increases potentially reflected in upcoming data [4] - Market participants have reduced their inflation concerns and adjusted their yield expectations downward, anticipating that the Federal Reserve may lower interest rates to the 3.5%-3.75% range by December 2025 [5] - The expectation of a more dovish Federal Reserve chair succeeding Powell has intensified, with market analysts predicting a higher likelihood of declining interest rates if economic conditions remain weak [6]

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve's Goolsbee indicates that there is currently no sign of a stagflation scenario similar to the 1970s, although the possibility of simultaneous deterioration in inflation and employment does exist [1] Summary by Relevant Categories Economic Outlook - Goolsbee emphasizes that the current economic conditions do not mirror the stagflation experienced in the 1970s, suggesting a more stable outlook for the economy [1] Inflation and Employment - There is a recognized risk that both inflation and employment could worsen at the same time, highlighting potential challenges ahead for economic stability [1]