Group 1 - The U.S. Treasury issued $16 billion in 20-year bonds with a yield of 5.047%, reflecting weak demand for U.S. debt and forcing rates higher to attract investors [2] - The Congressional Budget Office estimates that Trump's proposed spending bill could increase public debt by $3.3 trillion by FY 2034, raising the annual deficit to $2.9 trillion, which is 6.9% of GDP [3] - Moody's downgraded the U.S. bond credit rating from Aaa to Aa1, citing rising public debt and interest payments, with warnings that the debt-to-GDP ratio could rise from 100% in 2024 to 125% by 2035 [7] Group 2 - The unpredictability of Trump's policies and the risk of expanding the fiscal deficit have led investors to shy away from long-term bonds, pushing yields higher and bond prices lower [7][8] - The recent auction of 20-year bonds faced weak demand, further undermining market confidence [9] - The U.S. stock market also experienced significant sell-offs, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropping 1.91% and the Nasdaq and S&P 500 indices falling 1.41% and 1.61%, respectively [12] Group 3 - The ongoing issue of the U.S. fiscal deficit is unlikely to be resolved in the short term, with both parties contributing to its expansion [14] - The combination of rising interest rates and cost increases due to tariffs may exert pressure on U.S. economic growth, potentially leading to stagflation risks [14] - The recent bond auction may be seen as a critical moment for the market, but it could also be just the beginning of increased volatility in capital markets [14]

Report Industry Investment Ratings No industry investment ratings are provided in the report. Core Views of the Report - The financial market is affected by multiple factors such as US fiscal deficits, trade policies, and geopolitical tensions. The stock and bond markets in the US show signs of instability, and gold has attracted inflow of bottom - fishing funds. - In the commodity market, different commodities have different trends. For example, the prices of some agricultural products are affected by weather and supply - demand relationships, while the prices of some metals and energy chemicals are influenced by factors like production, inventory, and trade policies. Summary by Directory 1. Financial News and Comments 1.1 Macro Strategy (Gold) - The EU is expected to share a revised trade proposal with the US, aiming to boost negotiations. The US Treasury auctioned $16 billion of 20 - year Treasury bonds, with poor auction results. - Gold prices are oscillating and showing strength. Tensions in the Middle East, poor 20 - year Treasury bond auction data, and the downgrade of the US sovereign credit rating have led to inflows of bottom - fishing funds. Gold is expected to remain oscillating in the short term [9][10]. 1.2 Macro Strategy (Foreign Exchange Futures - Dollar Index) - A measure of the dollar's performance has fallen to a one - month low. Traders are waiting for the G - 7 meeting to see if the Trump administration seeks a weaker dollar. - Trump claims that the tax - cut bill is close to passing, but there is still opposition. Rising US Treasury yields and concerns about deficits have led to a weakening of the dollar index. The dollar is expected to be weak in the short term [11][13]. 1.3 Macro Strategy (Stock Index Futures) - The Ministry of Commerce responded to the US's attempt to ban Chinese advanced computing chips globally, stating that it is a unilateral and protectionist act. Shanghai plans to implement a consumer goods trade - in program, and eight departments jointly issued measures to support small and micro - enterprise financing. - The market is differentiated, with more structural and thematic opportunities. It is recommended to have a balanced allocation [15][17]. 1.4 Macro Strategy (US Stock Index Futures) - The 20 - year Treasury bond auction was dismal, and the House Speaker Johnson announced an agreement on the state and local tax deduction cap. - Concerns about the sustainability of US government debt are hard to dispel in the short term. Long - term interest rates will suppress US stocks, which are expected to be weak and oscillating [19][21]. 1.5 Macro Strategy (Treasury Bond Futures) - The central bank conducted a 7 - day reverse repurchase operation of 157 billion yuan, with a net injection of 65 billion yuan. - Treasury bond futures are oscillating narrowly. It is recommended to focus on the strategy of laying out medium - term long positions on dips [22]. 2. Commodity News and Comments 2.1 Agricultural Products (Soybean Meal) - On May 21, the actual成交 volume of imported soybeans at the auction was 85,606 tons, with a成交 rate of 32.1%. The market anticipates that the USDA's weekly export sales report will show a net increase of 19 - 700,000 tons in US soybean exports. - Argentine precipitation affects soybean harvests, and US soybean planting progress is slow, causing CBOT soybeans to rise. However, the increase is expected to be limited. Domestic soybean meal prices have been slightly adjusted upwards. Soybean meal futures are expected to oscillate, and attention should be paid to US soybean growing areas' weather and the 25/26 balance sheet adjustment [23][26]. 2.2 Black Metals (Rebar/HRC) - In April 2025, China's air - conditioner production increased year - on - year, while refrigerator and TV production decreased. From May 1 - 18, the retail sales of passenger cars increased year - on - year. - Steel prices are oscillating, and the market sentiment is cautious. With weak domestic real - estate and infrastructure demand, uncertain manufacturing demand, and potential external demand risks, steel prices are expected to continue oscillating in the near future. It is recommended to hold light positions in the short term [27][29]. 2.3 Agricultural Products (Sugar) - India's sugar domestic sales quota in May 2025 is 2.35 million tons, the same as last month. Brazil's sugar and molasses exports in the first three weeks of May decreased year - on - year. China's syrup and premix imports in April decreased year - on - year. - International sugar trade supply - demand is expected to loosen, and the global sugar supply - demand may turn to surplus in the 25/26 season. Zhengzhou sugar is expected to oscillate in the short term, and attention should be paid to the weather in major producing countries and Brazil's sugar - pressing data [30][34]. 2.4 Black Metals (Coking Coal/Coke) - The coking coal market in East China is weakly stable. Coal mines have stable production, but downstream procurement is negative. The coking coal futures are oscillating downward, and the supply is excessive. The first round of coke price cuts has been implemented. - Coking coal is expected to be bearish in the short and medium term, and coke is expected to oscillate weakly [35][36]. 2.5 Non - Ferrous Metals (Alumina) - The overall progress of the Guangxi Beihai green ecological aluminum project has exceeded 90%, and it is expected to be completed and put into operation in the third quarter of this year. - The alumina spot price has increased, and the Guinea ore disturbance has led to increased short - term fluctuations in the market. It is recommended to wait and see [37]. 2.6 Non - Ferrous Metals (Lead) - On May 20, the LME 0 - 3 lead was at a discount of $24.07 per ton. In April, lead concentrate imports increased year - on - year. Recycled lead smelters have cut waste battery purchase prices due to losses. - The lead industry has high finished - product inventories and weak terminal demand. There is a risk of a squeeze in the overseas market. Lead prices are expected to oscillate weakly in the short term. It is recommended to wait and see and focus on potential internal - external positive arbitrage opportunities [39][42]. 2.7 Non - Ferrous Metals (Zinc) - From January to April, the cumulative export volume of galvanized sheets increased year - on - year. On May 20, the LME 0 - 3 zinc was at a discount of $29.83 per ton. - Zinc prices are oscillating widely. The near - strong and far - weak pattern remains unchanged, and the social inventory inflection point may be gradually confirmed. It is recommended to short at high levels on a medium - term basis for unilateral trading and focus on positive arbitrage opportunities [43][45]. 2.8 Non - Ferrous Metals (Polysilicon) - The US plans to impose high tariffs on Southeast Asian solar equipment. There has been an increase in warehouse receipts, and leading enterprises are maintaining price - holding strategies, while second - and third - tier enterprises have cut prices. - The polysilicon market is affected by news, and the supply - demand situation is complex. It is recommended to focus on positive arbitrage opportunities after price corrections [46][48]. 2.9 Non - Ferrous Metals (Industrial Silicon) - An organic silicon new material and additive project with an annual output of 40,000 tons is in the environmental impact assessment public - notice stage. - Industrial silicon prices have been falling. Some small factories plan to cut production, while some silicon factories in Sichuan may resume production. With weak demand, the market is not optimistic. It is not recommended to go long on the left side, and short positions can be held [49][50]. 2.10 Non - Ferrous Metals (Copper) - The LME has approved the addition of three warehousing facilities in Hong Kong. China's copper production in April increased slightly month - on - month. Antofagasta has started mid - year negotiations with Chinese and Japanese smelters. - The US dollar index may be under pressure, which supports copper prices, but the short - term weakening of the fundamentals may suppress copper prices. Copper prices are expected to oscillate at high levels. It is recommended to conduct band trading [51][54]. 2.11 Non - Ferrous Metals (Lithium Carbonate) - Argentina has approved a $2.5 billion lithium mine project by Rio Tinto. Argentina's lithium carbonate exports in April were 8,066.71 tons. - The long - term logic of oversupply and falling cost support in the lithium carbonate market remains unchanged. The market is expected to be unstable before the improvement of spot and downstream orders. It is recommended to control short - position sizes and pay attention to supply - side disturbances [55][57]. 2.12 Non - Ferrous Metals (Nickel) - On May 21, LME nickel inventory decreased by 312 tons compared to the previous day. - LME and SHFE nickel inventories are slightly decreasing. Nickel prices are oscillating. The NPI - to - high - ice - nickel profit has opened, and the supply of pure nickel may increase marginally. It is recommended to focus on short - term band trading and medium - term long - position opportunities on dips [58][59]. 2.13 Energy Chemicals (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) - On May 21, the spot price of civil LPG in Shandong was stable. The US C3 inventory has been accumulating, and the Far - East import willingness has been partially suppressed. - The LPG market is weak, and the futures are expected to oscillate weakly [60][64]. 2.14 Energy Chemicals (Crude Oil) - The EIA data shows that the US commercial crude oil inventory increased in the week ending May 16. - Oil prices are falling. With rising inventory, stable production, and low downstream inventory, there is a high risk of a further decline in oil prices in the absence of effective upward drivers [65][66]. 2.15 Energy Chemicals (PTA) - The PTA spot price has increased, and the spot basis has stabilized. - PTA futures are oscillating. With supply - side disturbances and strong demand, the PTA valuation has been repaired, but it has corrected recently due to demand - side rumors. It is expected to oscillate and adjust in the short term [67][68]. 2.16 Energy Chemicals (Urea) - As of May 21, China's urea enterprise inventory increased compared to last week. The urea price in Shandong has declined slightly. - Urea is oscillating. The export - related expectations have been gradually realized, and the 9/1 spread is expected to remain high [70][71]. 2.17 Energy Chemicals (Bottle Chips) - The export quotes of bottle - chip factories are mostly stable. - With falling raw material costs, high industry production, and limited processing - fee decline space, the bottle - chip processing fee is expected to fluctuate at a low level following cost changes [72][74]. 2.18 Energy Chemicals (Soda Ash) - The soda - ash market in South China is stable. The soda - ash futures have strengthened slightly, while the spot market is oscillating steadily. - Short - term soda - ash plant maintenance may support the market, but it is recommended to go short at high levels in the medium term [75][76]. 2.19 Energy Chemicals (Float Glass) - On May 21, the price of float glass in the Shahe market was mostly stable. - The glass futures have risen slightly, but the fundamentals have not changed much. With weak demand and no positive policies, glass prices are expected to remain low. Attention should be paid to real - estate policy changes [76][77]. 2.20 Shipping Index (Container Freight Rates) - Due to a national strike, Belgian ports are facing disruptions. The rumors of Maersk's lower - than - expected cabin opening in June have impacted the European - route futures. - It is recommended to treat the market with a weakly oscillating mindset, as the price from Shanghai to Rotterdam has not been released, and it is less likely to exceed $2,500 per FEU [78].

贵金属 钟俊轩 贵金属研究员 从业资格号：F03112694 交易咨询号：Z0022090 电话：0755-23375141 邮箱： zhongjunxuan@wkqh.cn 沪金涨 2.11 %，报 772.22 元/克，沪银涨 1.68 %，报 8243.00 元/千克；COMEX 金涨 0.30 %， 报 3294.30 美元/盎司，COMEX 银涨 0.43 %，报 33.32 美元/盎司； 美国 10 年期国债收益率 报 4.48%，美元指数报 99.97 ； 市场展望： 受到特朗普表态影响，昨日美国财政赤字预期出现显著转变，驱动金银价格走强。 特朗普及其团队近期大力推动减税法案，上周五，众议院预算委员会否决了共和党的这一税收 法案，保守派反对该法案并要求针对其中的医疗补助部分进行削减。本周三，特朗普的减税法 案虽获得众议院的其中关键委员会通过，但民主党议员及共和党内保守派仍不赞同该法案的主 张，要求进一步大幅修改其中的医疗政策。黄金价格与美国财政赤字的预期扩张程度呈现正相 关关系，因此截至昨日夜盘前，国际金价总体呈现弱势反弹的走势。 贵金属日报 2025-05-21 但在昨夜，美国总统特朗普则明确 ...

Core Viewpoint - Moody's downgraded the U.S. debt rating due to the increasing deficit, rising debt interest, and declining debt affordability, which has led to significant market volatility in U.S. stocks and bonds [1][2][6] Group 1: Reasons for Downgrade - The downgrade was primarily driven by the expansion of the U.S. deficit and anticipated increases in debt interest payments, with Moody's projecting the federal deficit to reach nearly 9% of GDP by 2035, up from 6.4% in 2024 [2] - The backdrop of the downgrade includes rising U.S. Treasury yields since 2021, which have contributed to a decrease in debt affordability [2] - The potential passage of Trump's tax cut plan, which could exacerbate the deficit, is also a significant factor in the downgrade [2][3] Group 2: Market Reactions - Following the downgrade, there was a brief but significant fluctuation in U.S. stocks and bonds on May 19, which was later stabilized by remarks from U.S. government and Federal Reserve officials [1][6] - Historical data indicates that sovereign rating downgrades have a more pronounced short-term negative impact on U.S. stocks, lasting about 1-2 weeks, while the long-term U.S. Treasury yields experience only temporary effects [5] Group 3: Legislative Developments - On May 19, Trump's tax cut plan passed the House Budget Committee vote, with expectations of further legislative progress, which could intensify fiscal pressures [3][6] - The tax cut plan includes measures that would permanently reduce personal income taxes and extend estate tax exemptions, contributing to an estimated $3.8 trillion increase in the deficit by 2034 [3]

Group 1 - Concerns over Trump's tariff policies and rising U.S. debt have led investors to question whether U.S. Treasury bonds remain a safe haven asset for global investors [1][3] - Moody's downgraded the U.S. credit rating from Aaa to Aa1, reflecting rising government debt and interest payment ratios significantly higher than similar sovereign nations [3][4] - The 30-year U.S. Treasury yield rose over 12 basis points to 5.02%, while the 10-year yield increased by 10 basis points to 4.54% [1] Group 2 - The House Budget Committee approved Trump's tax and spending proposal, which is expected to increase the deficit by trillions, raising investor concerns about U.S. debt trends [4] - Moody's indicated that the current fiscal proposals are unlikely to lead to significant long-term reductions in spending and deficits [4] - The proportion of mandatory spending, including interest payments, is projected to rise from approximately 73% in 2024 to about 78% by 2035 [4] Group 3 - Despite heightened risk aversion, some analysts believe Moody's downgrade will not have a lasting impact on the market, as it was largely anticipated [5] - The cost of U.S. government debt default insurance, measured by five-year CDS rates, slightly increased to 55 basis points [5]

Core Viewpoint - The 30-year U.S. Treasury yield has risen to 5% for the first time since April 2023, influenced by inflation expectations and a downgrade in the U.S. credit rating by Moody's [1][2][3]. Group 1: Economic Indicators - The 30-year Treasury yield is positively correlated with economic growth expectations; a rise in yield typically indicates reduced demand for safe-haven assets as investors shift to riskier assets [2]. - The recent increase in the yield reflects market optimism regarding manufacturing recovery and inflation rebound earlier this year, followed by a decline due to heightened global economic uncertainty [2]. Group 2: Credit Rating Impact - Moody's downgraded the U.S. sovereign credit rating from Aaa to Aa1, citing increased government debt and interest payment ratios, making it the last major agency to strip the U.S. of its AAA rating [3]. - The downgrade follows similar actions by Standard & Poor's in 2011 and Fitch in August 2023, both of which highlighted deteriorating fiscal conditions and rising federal debt [3]. Group 3: Treasury Yield Dynamics - The 30-year Treasury yield serves as a barometer for economic fundamentals and a testing ground for policy dynamics, influenced by Federal Reserve interest rate decisions and government debt levels [4]. - The yield's fluctuations are critical for asset pricing and predicting market turning points, reflecting broader economic conditions and investor sentiment [4]. Group 4: Global Asset Allocation - U.S. Treasury bonds are viewed as a benchmark for "risk-free" rates, with the 30-year yield serving as a pricing basis for corporate bonds and mortgage rates [5]. - In times of global economic volatility, the 30-year Treasury becomes a safe haven for international capital due to its high liquidity and credit rating [5]. Group 5: Future Outlook - If tariffs are strictly enforced, oil prices may decline, potentially lowering U.S. inflation and prompting the Federal Reserve to consider rate cuts, which could lead to further increases in Treasury yields [6]. - The market remains cautious about whether the recent yield increase will trigger a more accommodative monetary policy from the Federal Reserve [6].

截至发稿，标普500指数期货跌近1%，纳斯达克100指数期货跌1.2%。 智通财经APP获悉，由于穆迪下调美国主权信用加剧了对美国债务的担忧，长期美国国债收益率一度上 升至5%的心理水平，美国股指期货跟随美元下跌。 穆迪上周五宣布取消美国政府的最高信用评级，将其从Aaa下调至Aa1。该公司将不断膨胀的美国预算 赤字归咎于历届总统和国会议员，并称预算赤字几乎没有收窄的迹象。 此次评级下调可能会加剧华尔街对美国主权债券市场的担忧。目前美国国会正在讨论更多无资金支持的 减税措施，而随着美国总统唐纳德·特朗普颠覆长期建立的商业伙伴关系并重新谈判贸易协议，美国经 济似乎将放缓。 周一，10年期美国国债收益率上升3个基点至4.50%，30年期美国国债收益率短暂上涨约6个基点至 5.00%，随后涨幅收窄。长期基准利率若突破5%，将触及2023年的水平——当年的峰值达到5.18%，为 2007年以来的最高水平。 富兰克林邓普顿投资解决方案公司副首席投资官Max Gokhman表示："在没有资金支持的财政慷慨措施 不断加速的情况下，美国国债评级被下调并不令人意外。随着大型投资者开始逐步将美国国债换成其他 避险资产，偿债成本将继 ...

2025.05. 19 本文字数：1565，阅读时长大约3分钟 针对美国赤字财政的不可持续，不同于民主党政府倾向于通过向富人征税，平衡赤字，特朗普政府执 政以来的对外增加关税、对内减税、通过DOGE削减财政支出、去监管等降低经济社会运行成本，及 开创"特朗普金卡"筹资、对非公民海外汇款征税等，都在不同程度围绕着可持续美国财政预算和赤 字经济展开。 历届美国政府都重视美国财政赤字问题，缘于美国国债在美国乃至全球政经领域的极端重要性，即若 美国财政赤字的可持续性问题无法获得系统性解决，那么失去最高主权信用评级后，美国国债将很难 在金融实务中被看作完全安全资产，这会极速提升美国国债收益率曲线，抬高全球金融市场风险资产 的风险溢价，提高全球经贸体系的运行成本和融资成本等，导致市场需更多额外资本吸附美国国债收 益率陡峭带来的敞口风险。 这不利于全球经济增长，并加剧新兴经济体美元流动性成本，增加新兴经济体的风险压力。毕竟，若 美国主权信用评级完全无缘最高信用评级，即便美联储采取降息举措，美国国债收益率曲线也不一定 会随之回调，反而相比3A的公司债，市场需要为美国国债计提与其信用评级匹配的风险溢价。 当然，市场最大的担心是 ...

Group 1 - The U.S. Treasury reported that foreign holdings of U.S. debt increased by $233.1 billion in March, totaling $9.0495 trillion, with Japan remaining the largest foreign holder [1] - Moody's downgraded the U.S. sovereign credit rating from Aaa to Aa1, citing increasing financing burdens from the federal budget deficit and rising costs of extending existing debt under high interest rates [1][3] - The downgrade by Moody's aligns with previous actions by other major rating agencies, reflecting concerns over the growing deficit and political gridlock [3] Group 2 - The 10-year U.S. Treasury yield rose by 3 basis points to 4.48% following the downgrade, while the iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF fell approximately 1% in after-hours trading [3] - Moody's indicated that the decision to downgrade was influenced by the rising ratio of government debt and interest payments compared to similarly rated sovereign nations [6] - The total federal debt reached $36.21 trillion as of May 15, 2023, with an increase of $0.852 billion since the beginning of the month [6] Group 3 - The U.S. Treasury Secretary urged Congress to raise or suspend the debt ceiling by mid-July to avoid potential default, which could have catastrophic economic consequences [7] - Since 1960, Congress has acted 78 times to raise, temporarily extend, or modify the debt ceiling, with significant actions occurring under both Republican and Democratic administrations [7][8] - The fiscal deficit for the current fiscal year has reached $1.05 trillion, a 13% increase from the previous year, with expectations that the federal deficit will expand to nearly 9% of GDP by 2035 [8]

Core Viewpoint - The proposed tax reform bill in the U.S. is expected to increase the national deficit by at least $4 trillion over the next decade, raising concerns about its impact on the bond market and long-term U.S. debt sustainability [1][4]. Group 1: Tax Reform Bill Implications - The House version of the tax reform bill is projected to add approximately $3.8 trillion to the deficit by extending the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) and increasing defense and immigration enforcement spending by $320 billion [2]. - The bill includes measures to recover $1 trillion in taxes but simultaneously introduces new tax cuts that could add another $1 trillion to the deficit [2]. - If the Senate does not alter the current wording, the bill could lead to an increase of about $2.5 trillion in the deficit over the next decade, excluding interest payments [2]. Group 2: Long-term Fiscal Outlook - The new tax cuts are set to expire in 2028, but historical trends suggest Congress may extend these cuts, potentially adding another $1.5 trillion to the deficit, bringing the total to $4 trillion [3][4]. - The U.S. borrowing for fiscal year 2024 is expected to exceed $2.5 trillion, with a slight decrease to below $2.1 trillion in 2025, although the actual financing needs may be closer to $2 trillion when accounting for other variables [5]. Group 3: Economic Growth and Deficit Dynamics - The progressive nature of the U.S. tax system means that during economic slowdowns, tax revenues often fall short of expectations, which could exacerbate the deficit if economic growth in 2025 is weaker than anticipated [6]. - Even without the tax reform bill, the deficit is projected to remain at least 6.5-7% of GDP during good economic times, and could significantly increase during economic downturns [6]. Group 4: Bond Market Reactions - Despite a likely slowdown in GDP growth, U.S. bond yields have been rising, driven by inflation concerns and capital outflows from foreign investors, alongside worries about the increasing deficit [7]. - The rising deficit is expected to lead to higher long-term interest rates, which in turn raises future interest payment obligations, creating a feedback loop of concern among bond investors [8].