证券研究报告 | 行业周报 gszqdatemark 2025 08 24 年 月 日 银行 本周聚焦—2025 上半年各地信贷增速及贷款利率有何变化？ 3、住户贷款：上海、北京、四川住户贷款增速排名相对靠前，6 月住户贷 款同比增速分别为 13.7%、6.0%、5.6%。从边际变化来看，北京 信贷 增速升 2.3pc）、上海 信贷增速升 1.1pc），增速较 2024 年有所升 ， 要由源短上半年个人住房贷款需求回 ，北京地区个人住房贷款余额同比 增 7.5%，增速比一季度末高 4.0 个百分点，今年以来增速呈逐月升 态势，上海地区个人住房贷款增速自去年 10 月转正以来持续升高。 4、从各地区新发放企业贷款加权平均利率同比变化来看： 企业融资成本延续低位下行，全国 6 月新发放企业贷款加权平均利率为 3.22%，同比下降 41bp，多数地区企业贷款加权平均利率均在 4%以下， 北京、上海、广东、福建等地区已降至 3%以下。从同比变化来看，山东、 四川、浙江等地同比降幅分别为 32bp、34bp、36bp，小短全国平均水平。 此外，多地均升及，强化利率自律管理，将深入开展明示企业贷款综合融 资成本试点，组织 ...

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Recommended," indicating an expected increase in the industry index by more than 5% over the next 3-6 months compared to the benchmark index [26]. Core Insights - The report highlights a diversified financing structure and increased liquidity in the banking sector, with July's new social financing scale reaching 1.16 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 389.3 billion yuan, and a social financing stock growth rate of 9.0%, up 0.1 percentage points from the previous month [2][7]. - The report emphasizes the importance of direct financing as a key pillar of social financing, with government bonds remaining the main support, and corporate bonds and equity financing showing improvement [7]. - It notes a seasonal decline in credit growth, with July's RMB loans decreasing by 50 billion yuan, a year-on-year reduction of 310 billion yuan, reflecting a shift in banks' operational strategies towards reducing competition and enhancing non-interest income [7][8]. Summary by Sections Financial Data Overview - As of July, the total market value of the banking sector is approximately 156,819.33 billion yuan, with a circulating market value of about 106,228.05 billion yuan [4]. - The absolute performance of the banking sector over the past 12 months is reported at 37.4%, while the relative performance is at 12.1% [5]. Social Financing and Credit Analysis - The report details that direct financing has increased by 658.8 billion yuan year-on-year, with government bonds contributing significantly to this growth [7]. - It also highlights a decline in both corporate and household loan demands, with corporate loans decreasing by 60 billion yuan and household loans by 489.3 billion yuan in July [7][8]. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests a focus on long-term investment opportunities within the banking sector, particularly in state-owned banks and stable joint-stock banks, emphasizing their high dividend yields and asset quality [7]. - It recommends a diversified investment strategy, including attention to banks with solid fundamentals and excellent risk control, as the economic structure transitions [7].

Group 1: Financial Data Overview - In July, the total social financing (社融) stock growth rate rebounded to 9.0% year-on-year, while the credit growth rate under the social financing measure fell to 6.8%[3] - New social financing in July was 1.2 trillion RMB, with a year-on-year increase of 0.4 trillion RMB, primarily supported by government bonds[7] - The new RMB loans in July were negative at -50 billion RMB, marking a historical low since data tracking began[7] Group 2: Economic Outlook and Policy Implications - The growth rate of social financing may peak and decline, with government bonds providing some support, but a year-on-year decrease in government bonds is expected in Q4[3] - Future policies may prioritize the implementation of existing policies, with incremental policies being adjusted based on domestic and international conditions[3] - There remains a window for interest rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio reductions within the year, alongside an emphasis on accelerating the issuance of existing government bonds in Q3[7] Group 3: Credit and Deposit Trends - The credit demand has shown a temporary decline due to the "anti-involution" measures, which have squeezed out inflated loans and led to a reduction in credit demand[7] - M1 and M2 growth rates improved, with M1 rising to 5.6% and M2 to 8.8% year-on-year, driven by increased non-bank deposits[7] - In July, the total new loans for households and enterprises were both negative when excluding bill financing, indicating a weak credit environment[7]

Group 1: Economic Indicators - Japan's government is aggressively lowering rice prices, aiming to reduce the price of 5 kg of rice to 2000 yen, which is 47% lower than the latest price published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries[5] - As of May 30, the speculative net long position in yen has decreased to 164,000 contracts, an 8.4% drop from the peak in early May, marking five consecutive weeks of decline[10] - The US leading economic index fell to -4% in April, the lowest level since October of the previous year, indicating that the negative impact of tariffs may be less than expected[13] Group 2: Market Trends - Overseas investors net sold Japanese government bonds exceeding 1 trillion yen in May, totaling 1.6 trillion yen over four weeks[7][9] - The equity risk premium (ERP) for the CSI 300 index is at 5.8%, which is one standard deviation above the 16-year average, indicating a significant excess return compared to domestic 10-year government bonds[19] - The total return ratio of domestic stocks to bonds is 23.3, below the 16-year average, suggesting an increased attractiveness of stocks relative to fixed income assets[30] Group 3: Credit and Financing - As of May, the year-on-year growth rate of commercial bank loans in the US reached 3.9%, the highest since October 2023, supporting corporate output and potentially alleviating upward pressure on unemployment[16] - The 3-month USD/JPY basis swap was -25 basis points as of May 30, indicating a loosening of the offshore dollar financing environment following the reduction of tariff impacts[25]

Group 1 - The central bank's report indicates a significant rebound in M2 growth and a high level of social financing, suggesting that market liquidity is reasonably ample and funds are actively flowing into the real economy [1][2] - As of the end of April, M2 balance reached approximately 325 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 8.0%, while the social financing scale stood at about 424 trillion yuan, growing by 8.7% year-on-year [2] - The increase in M2 is primarily attributed to non-bank deposits, which are linked to a recovering stock market, supported by policies aimed at stabilizing the market [2] Group 2 - The growth rate of credit remains robust, with a total increase of 1.006 trillion yuan in RMB loans in the first four months of 2025, and a year-on-year growth of 7.2% as of the end of April [3] - In April, new loans amounted to 280 billion yuan, which is a decrease of 450 billion yuan compared to the same period last year, largely due to the high volume of loans in March [5] - The decline in corporate loans is noted, with a 250 billion yuan year-on-year decrease, while the residential loans saw a slight reduction of 50 billion yuan [5][6] Group 3 - The social financing scale added 1.16 trillion yuan in April, which is approximately 1.22 trillion yuan more than the same month last year, with an increase in growth rate compared to the previous month [7] - The strong fiscal support and rapid bond issuance this year have significantly bolstered social financing, contributing to a favorable economic outlook [7] - Analysts predict that the central bank will continue to implement interest rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio reductions in the second half of the year, which may lead to a recovery in new credit and social financing [8]

Economic Overview - As of the end of April, the year-on-year growth rate of social financing (社融) stock rebounded to 8.7%, while the credit growth rate under the social financing measure fell to 7.1%[3] - In April, new social financing amounted to 1.2 trillion RMB, with RMB loans increasing by 280 billion RMB[5] Government Support - Government bonds continue to support the year-on-year increase in social financing, with new government bonds issued in April totaling 980 billion RMB, a year-on-year increase of 1.07 trillion RMB[9] - The issuance of replacement bonds in April approached 260 billion RMB, indicating that corporate medium-to-long-term loans also experienced a year-on-year increase when considering this factor[5] Future Projections - Despite potential pressure on credit due to tariff impacts, social financing and credit growth are expected to fluctuate upwards, with a possibility of the annual peak returning to over 9%[3] - The upcoming months may see improved macroeconomic data, particularly if progress is made in US-China tariff negotiations[5] Monetary and Fiscal Policy Tools - The regulatory body has deployed the first round of monetary policy tools to stabilize growth, emphasizing the importance of maintaining economic stability amid international trade tensions[6] - A robust monetary and fiscal toolbox is available, including further reserve requirement ratio cuts, interest rate reductions, and accelerated issuance of government bonds[6] Risks - Economic recovery may not meet expectations, potentially leading to weaker credit growth and social financing stock growth[31] - Uncertainties remain regarding the final implementation of tariff policies between China and the US, which could impact domestic economic conditions[31]