政策层面，《求是》杂志今年2月初刊文称，要积极推动物价合理回升，实施更加积极有为的宏观政策，着力提升宏观经济治理效能，切实推动物价水平逐 步回升到合理区间。国盛证券认为，化债政策加码下，政府财政压力有望减轻，企业资产负债表也存在修复的空间，市政工程类项目有望加快推进，市政管 网及减隔震实物工作量有望加快落地。关注中国联塑等。 行业层面，地产预期改善叠加上游原材料涨价，中泰证券看好有定价权的企业盈利能力修复，迎来景气度和估值共振向上拐点。该行认为，地产有望企稳回 升带动建材需求回暖；而沥青、聚丙烯、聚乙烯等上游原材料价格持续上涨，驱动建材涨价传导成本压力。看好需求有望率先企稳、集中度高、价格更容易 向下传导的细分行业中的头部企业。建议关注中国联塑等。 公司层面，国金证券认为PVC管道主要用于建筑排水、电线护套等，产品单价低、同质化严重，区别在成本优势。增大生产规模可以实现规模经济、降低原 材料和生产成本，PVC龙头例如中国联塑目前已在全国20个省份及海外国家建立超30个生产基地。此外，塑料管道格局较为分散，各家企业商业模式及产品 亦有区别。截至2024年底，从产量口径看，塑料管CR20约40%，头部企业主要有中 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - Non - standard risk events have significantly eased in 2025, hitting a new low since 2019, mainly due to the implementation of debt - resolution policies, increased attention and initiative of urban investment platforms in non - standard product payments, and bank replacement of non - standard debts [2][6][26][65]. - However, the risk mitigation is structurally differentiated. Some regions and industries still face risks, and the resolution and clearance of non - standard credit risks remain a long - term task. The potential for non - standard risks to spread to priority debts such as bonds still needs attention [3][26][65]. - The debt security of the real estate industry depends on sales revenue. Without improvement in sales, risks are difficult to eliminate unless there is strong support from the actual controller. Tail risks in industries such as industrial holding, diversified finance, and construction also need to be vigilant [3][26][66]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Non - standard Default Overall Situation - From 2018 - 2025, there were 7,219 non - standard risk events in total. The number of "default events" reached a peak of 978 in 2023, then decreased significantly in 2024 and 2025, with 165 events in 2025, a decrease of 544 from the previous year [6]. - For different financing methods, the number of trust plan risk events increased from 319 in 2019 to 570 in 2023, then decreased to 210 in 2025. The number of directional financing risk events increased significantly in 2023 - 2024 and decreased to 23 in 2025. The number of non - standard events in financing methods such as financial leasing, private funds, collective wealth management, and fund special accounts decreased year by year [6]. - For bond - issuing entities, the number of non - standard risk events in 2025 was 76, a significant decrease from 218 in 2024. The number of non - standard default events decreased by 86 in 2025 compared with the previous year, and the number of non - standard risk warning events decreased by 56 [8][10]. 3.2 Analysis of Urban Investment Non - standard Risk Events 3.2.1 By Province - Guizhou and Shandong had the most non - standard risk events among urban investment bond - issuing entities since 2018. Guizhou's non - standard default events decreased to 4 in 2025 from a peak of 55 in 2023. Shandong's non - standard default events decreased to 9 in 2025 after a sharp increase in 2023 - 2024. Henan, Yunnan, and Shaanxi also saw a significant decrease in non - standard default events in 2025, and Inner Mongolia had no new non - standard risk events in 2025 [28]. 3.2.2 By Urban Investment Hierarchy - Non - standard defaults of urban investment enterprises mainly occurred at the district - county and prefecture - level city levels. The number of non - standard default events of district - county - level urban investment platforms decreased to 12 in 2025 from 110 in 2023. The number of non - standard default events of prefecture - level city urban investment platforms also decreased in 2025. In 2025, there were no new non - standard default events at the provincial level [34]. 3.2.3 By Prefecture - level City (including Development Zones within Prefecture - level Cities) - The top five prefecture - level cities with the most non - standard default events were Zunyi, Weifang, Xi'an, Kunming, and Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. In 2025, Weifang and Kunming had new non - standard default events, and Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture had its first non - standard default event at the prefecture - level city level [34]. 3.2.4 By District - county - The top five district - county regions with the most non - standard default events were Hanting District of Weifang, Licang District of Qingdao, Boshan District of Zibo, Dushan County of Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, and Huichuan District of Zunyi. In 2025, the non - standard default events in most districts and counties decreased, and 50 districts and counties had no new non - standard risk events [39]. 3.2.5 Bond - issuing Urban Investment Entities with Multiple Non - standard Defaults - In 2025, Shaanxi, Shandong, and Yunnan were still areas with serious non - standard defaults of urban investment. Urban investment entities in Kunming of Yunnan, Licang District of Qingdao, Hanting District of Weifang, Mengzi City of Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, and Weifang Binhai Economic and Technological Development Zone had 2 or more non - standard default events [44]. 3.2.6 Bond - issuing Urban Investment Entities with First Non - standard Defaults - In 2025, 5 bond - issuing urban investment entities had their first non - standard default, located in Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Fujian, and Yunnan. Rizhao Donggang District, Mianyang Jiangyou City, Putian Hanjiang District, and Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture were new areas with non - standard defaults [46]. 3.3 Analysis of Characteristics of Non - standard Risk Events in 2025 - In 2025, there were 82 non - standard risk events and 69 repayment events. Trust plans had the most non - standard risk events (44 times), including 30 default events. The industries with non - standard risk events were mainly urban investment and real estate development, accounting for 48% and 30% respectively [49][55]. - For bond - issuing entities, there were 23 non - standard risk events, including 19 default events and 4 extension events; 12 repayment events and 9 partial repayment events. In terms of regions, Shandong had the most non - standard risk events (6 times), followed by Shaanxi and Fujian (4 times each) [49][55]. - For urban investment bond - issuing entities, there were 9 default events and 2 extension events, involving 8 entities. The default events were mainly in Shandong, Shaanxi, and Guizhou. In terms of hierarchy, non - standard risk events occurred at the district - county and national new - area levels [58]. - There were 16 non - standard repayment events of urban investment bond - issuing entities in 2025, including 10 full - repayment events and 6 partial - repayment events. Other industries had 12 non - standard risk events, mainly in the real estate industry [59][63]. 3.4 Summary - Non - standard risk events have improved significantly in 2025, but the risk mitigation is structural. The non - standard debt is still in an inferior position in the repayment order, and the debt continuation in weak regions is still difficult. The potential spread of non - standard risks to priority debts needs attention [65][66]. - In the real estate industry, debt security depends on sales revenue. Tail risks in industries such as industrial holding, diversified finance, and construction also need to be vigilant [66].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In January, the approval of urban investment bonds was characterized by a continuous increase in registration quotas, a slowdown in the approval pace, and a low level of terminated project scale. The overall financing pace at the beginning of the year shifted from loose to tight [5][47]. - The marginal changes in bond market supervision and approval reflect that the current implementation of debt - resolution policies continues the orientation of "strictly controlling increments, resolving existing stocks, and providing long - term empowerment." The issuance of the third batch of 2 trillion yuan in replacement bonds started in early January, and the Ministry of Finance further clarified that ultra - long - term special treasury bonds would continue to be arranged in 2026. Considering that 2026 is the sprint stage for debt resolution and the 6 - trillion - yuan replacement bond plan is coming to an end, the upward trend of urban investment bond registration quotas is expected to continue [5][47]. - In the long run, the urban investment debt - resolution work has entered a critical period of accelerating and improving efficiency. The debt - resolution paths will be more diverse, and the differentiation of debt - resolution effects among different regions will become more obvious. As the goal of clearing hidden debts approaches, local debt - resolution efforts will continue to increase, the market - oriented clearance process of financing platforms will accelerate, and measures to promote platform transformation through asset restructuring will be more in - depth [6][48]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 Registration Situation: Continuous Increase in Urban Investment Registration Quotas - In January, the registration quota of urban investment platforms continued to rise. The registration scale of provincial, municipal, and district - county urban investment all increased to varying degrees, while the registration scale of weak - quality districts and counties declined. The scale in regions such as Zhejiang, Shandong, and Hubei increased significantly month - on - month [2][12]. - The planned issuance scale of urban investment bonds registered on the exchange was 315 billion yuan (previous value: 239.4 billion yuan), and that on DCM was 177.1 billion yuan (previous value: 168.5 billion yuan). The overall registration continued to rise and was higher than the quotas in the same period of the past three years [12]. - The proportion of district - county urban investment bonds in the three - month moving average among all administrative levels continued to decline for three months to 52%. The registration scale of district - county platforms with a budget revenue of less than 5 billion yuan was 66.9 billion yuan (previous value: 92.3 billion yuan), and the three - month moving average proportion increased to 37.8% [15][18]. 3.2 Approval Feedback: Slowdown in Urban Investment Bond Approval - In January, the approval pace of DCM and the exchange for urban investment bonds slowed down. The average number of feedbacks from DCM was 2.4 times (previous value: 2.4 times), and the feedback time increased to 41.5 days (previous value: 40.6 days); the average number of feedbacks from the exchange was 4.2 times (previous value: 4.2 times), and the feedback time increased to 77.8 days (previous value: 68.9 days) [25]. - The feedback pace of public urban investment corporate bonds in prefecture - level cities accelerated significantly, while that of private urban investment corporate bonds in prefecture - level and district - county levels slowed down [30]. - The approval feedback days in Sichuan, Fujian, Hubei and other regions were significantly extended. The approval pace in Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan and other regions accelerated significantly, while Shandong and Henan continued the trend of a slowdown in the approval speed [32]. - The approval pace of weak - quality district - county platform bonds continued to slow down. The feedback days of district - county platforms with a general budget revenue of less than 5 billion yuan were 67.2 days (previous value: 65.2 days), lower than the average of last year [35]. 3.3 Terminated Issuance: Low - Level Maintenance of Terminated Project Scale - In January, the scale of terminated projects remained at a low level. The planned issuance scale of terminated urban investment bonds increased from 500 million yuan to 600 million yuan, and the number of terminated projects was the same as last month, both being 1. The proportion of the terminated scale of district - county urban investment bonds in the three - month moving average increased to 74% [37]. - The terminated projects of urban investment platforms mainly occurred in Hubei, mainly in district - county platforms [42]. 3.4 Research Conclusions and Suggestions - The approval of urban investment bonds in January showed the characteristics of a continuous increase in registration quotas, a slowdown in the approval pace, and a low - level maintenance of terminated project scale. The overall financing pace at the beginning of the year shifted from loose to tight [5][47]. - The marginal changes in bond market supervision and approval reflect the implementation of the current debt - resolution policy. Considering the debt - resolution situation in 2026, the upward trend of urban investment bond registration quotas is expected to continue [5][47]. - In the long run, the urban investment debt - resolution work has entered a critical period, with more diverse debt - resolution paths and more obvious differentiation in debt - resolution effects among regions. Local debt - resolution efforts will increase, and platform transformation will be promoted more deeply [6][48].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the industry [11] Core Insights - The sales volume of sanitation equipment in 2025 is projected to reach 79,000 units, representing a year-on-year growth of 11.5%, marking the first year of positive growth since 2021. Notably, sales of new energy sanitation vehicles are expected to increase by 76.8%, with a cumulative penetration rate of approximately 21.7% [3][6][18] - The recovery in sales is primarily attributed to the advancement of national debt reduction policies, which are expected to further enhance the demand for sanitation equipment. Additionally, the "14th Five-Year Plan" carbon reduction policies are anticipated to drive the penetration and economic viability of new energy sanitation equipment [3][8][9] Summary by Sections Overview - In 2025, the sanitation equipment sales are expected to grow by 11.5%, with new energy sanitation vehicles experiencing a significant increase of 76.8%. The total sales volume is projected at 79,000 units, with December alone seeing a sales figure of 10,064 units, a 45.2% increase year-on-year [6][18][21] Market Structure - The market concentration for sanitation equipment in 2025 is indicated by a CR10 of 55.4%, a decrease from 58.6% in 2024. Major players include Yingfeng Environment with a market share of 17.0%, Yutong with 3.9%, and Fulongma with 3.8%. In the new energy segment, the CR10 is higher at 67.7%, with Yingfeng Environment leading at 30.6% [7][26][30] Electrification - The penetration rate of electric sanitation equipment in pilot cities is expected to reach approximately 31.6% in 2025. Excluding Xiong'an New Area, pilot cities are projected to account for 36.2% of total sales, with cities like Zhengzhou and Shenzhen showing significant electric penetration rates of 57.3% and 48.9% respectively [7][33][34] Marginal Changes - The effects of debt reduction are gradually being transmitted, with expectations for further increases in sanitation equipment sales in 2026. The core reason for the recovery in 2025 sales is attributed to the easing of local government financial pressures due to debt reduction policies [8][9] - New energy sanitation equipment is expected to benefit from carbon reduction policies, with significant reductions in emissions compared to traditional fuel vehicles, enhancing its attractiveness in the market [8][9][21] Investment Logic - The growth rate of the sanitation equipment industry is primarily constrained by local fiscal and policy conditions. The dual logic of reduced local fiscal pressure from debt reduction and increased penetration of new energy sanitation vehicles driven by carbon reduction policies presents a favorable outlook for the industry [9][12]

Core Viewpoint - The Hong Kong stock market, particularly the technology ETF (513020), is expected to rise due to three driving factors, including a weakening US dollar, appreciation of the RMB, and potential debt relief policies [1] Group 1: Market Performance - The Hong Kong technology ETF (513020) increased by over 1% on January 9, with a net inflow of over 110 million RMB in the past 20 days [1] - The Hong Kong Stock Connect Technology Index (931573) covers core assets in sectors such as "Internet + Semiconductors + Innovative Pharmaceuticals + New Energy Vehicles" [1] Group 2: Future Projections - By 2026, a weaker US dollar is expected to attract international capital to invest in Hong Kong stocks, while the appreciation of the RMB will encourage Chinese capital to return from overseas [1] - Improvements in inflation and economic policies are anticipated to further boost the Hong Kong stock market [1] Group 3: Index Performance - The Hong Kong Stock Connect Technology Index has outperformed the Hang Seng Technology Index, with a cumulative return of 256.46% since the base date at the end of 2014, compared to 96.94% for the Hang Seng Technology Index, exceeding it by nearly 160% [1] - The index has consistently outperformed other similar indices, including the Hang Seng Internet Technology Index and the Hang Seng Healthcare Index [1]

Group 1: Market Overview - In 2025, Hong Kong stocks outperformed A-shares overall, but weakened in the second half due to a stronger USD, slowing southbound capital inflow, and deteriorating fundamentals[6] - In 2026, three factors are expected to drive a rebound in Hong Kong stocks: a weaker USD, appreciation of the RMB attracting overseas Chinese capital, and a recovery in inflation and potential debt reduction policies[6][8] Group 2: Capital Flows - The first gate: A weaker USD in 2026 is likely to drive international capital to allocate more to Hong Kong stocks[8] - The second gate: RMB appreciation in 2026 is expected to attract a significant amount of overseas Chinese capital into Hong Kong stocks, which will be smoother than southbound capital that faces opportunity costs and exchange rate risks[11][60] - The third gate: Recovery in cash flow statements and balance sheets of the real economy in 2026 will mark the beginning of economic prosperity in China[12] Group 3: Investment Opportunities - The "Davis Triple Play" is anticipated for the Hang Seng Technology Index in 2026, with structural opportunities in innovative drugs and new consumption continuing[14][95] - Hong Kong stocks' dividend yield is expected to continue outperforming A-shares, with a long-term higher dividend rate attracting absolute return funds[120] - The innovative drug sector in Hong Kong is expected to see significant growth as Chinese companies improve their R&D capabilities and close the valuation gap with U.S. counterparts[126] Group 4: Risks - Risks include changes in international situations, unexpected increases in U.S. Treasury yields, and shifts in industrial policies[13][141]

Summary of Conference Call Records Industry or Company Involved - The records primarily discuss the Chinese economy, monetary policy, and specific companies in the metals and manufacturing sectors, including A-shares, copper, aluminum, and electric equipment manufacturers. Key Points and Arguments Economic Outlook and Monetary Policy - The current phase of economic recovery in China is linked to the Federal Reserve's decision to restart interest rate cuts, which is expected to facilitate the return of cross-border capital and improve cash flow statements for Chinese companies [1][2][5] - The necessity of debt restructuring in China is emphasized, drawing parallels to Japan's economic stagnation in the 1990s due to a lack of decisive action in addressing debt issues [2] - The potential for a quantitative easing (QE) policy from the Federal Reserve in the coming year is seen as a critical factor that could allow for debt restructuring in China, leading to a more prosperous economic phase starting in 2026 [4][5] Capital Flows and Currency Dynamics - The depreciation of the RMB during the Fed's rate hikes has been a concern, but with the Fed halting rate increases, there is an expectation for the RMB to appreciate, which could enhance domestic asset values and attract capital back to China [1][5] - The A-share market has shown signs of recovery, with non-financial A-share companies reporting improved free cash flow over three consecutive quarters [5] Sector-Specific Insights - The metals sector, particularly copper and aluminum, is highlighted as having strong growth potential, with expectations for price increases due to supply constraints [9][10][16] - Companies like Zijin Mining and Huafeng Aluminum are recommended for their strong market positions and growth prospects, with Zijin expected to achieve significant revenue growth by 2026 [10][12][22] - The electric equipment sector, particularly companies like Dongfang Electric, is also noted for its growth potential driven by increased global power generation investments [23][24] Investment Recommendations - A focus on cyclical recovery in sectors such as non-ferrous metals, high-end manufacturing, and new consumption trends is advised, with specific recommendations for companies like Zijin Mining, Huafeng Aluminum, and Dongfang Electric [5][6][23] - The importance of monitoring the performance of companies in the context of macroeconomic changes and sector dynamics is emphasized, with a recommendation to remain cautious about potential volatility in the market [5][22] Risks and Considerations - Potential risks include the impact of global economic conditions on domestic markets, the possibility of asset price corrections, and the need for careful management of capital flows to avoid currency depreciation [3][4][5][22] - The importance of understanding the supply-demand dynamics in the metals market, particularly for nickel and cobalt, is highlighted as critical for future investment decisions [18][21] Other Important but Possibly Overlooked Content - The records indicate a strong belief in the cyclical nature of the economy, with expectations for a significant recovery phase starting in 2026, which could lead to increased volatility in the A-share market [5][6] - The discussions also touch on the importance of new product developments and market expansions for companies like Huafeng Aluminum, which is diversifying its customer base beyond traditional automotive sectors [15][16]

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Overweight" rating for the public utility and environmental sectors [7] Core Insights - The report anticipates stable growth in hydropower and improvements in cash flow for green energy and environmental companies due to government subsidies and debt reduction policies [1][6] - The performance of thermal power companies is expected to improve in Q4 2025 despite some uncertainty due to impairment losses [2] - Hydropower generation has shown significant year-on-year growth, with expectations for increased profitability for major hydropower companies [3] - The renewable energy sector is experiencing growth in installed capacity, which supports an increase in generation, while the risk of impairment is expected to ease [4] - Natural gas production is on the rise, and cost reductions may boost demand in the coming years [5] Summary by Sections Thermal Power - In October and November 2025, thermal power generation increased by 7.3% and decreased by 4.2% year-on-year, respectively, with coal prices declining by 11.5% year-on-year [2] - The average price of Qinhuangdao thermal coal in Q4 2025 is projected to be 750 RMB per ton [2] Hydropower & Nuclear Power - Hydropower generation in October and November 2025 increased by 28.2% and 17.1% year-on-year, respectively [3] - The Three Gorges Dam's outflow increased significantly, and nuclear power generation also showed stable growth [3] Renewable Energy - From January to October 2025, wind and solar power generation increased by 7.6% and 23.2% year-on-year, respectively, with installed capacity growth supporting generation increases [4] - The utilization rates for wind and solar power were 96.4% and 94.8%, respectively, indicating a slight year-on-year improvement [4] Natural Gas - Natural gas production increased by 5.9% and 5.7% year-on-year in October and November 2025, while apparent consumption decreased by 1.3% [5] - The market anticipates a decline in international oil prices and domestic gas prices, which may support demand growth [5] Environmental Sector - The report highlights the positive impact of government subsidy repayments and pricing adjustments on the environmental sector's fundamentals [6] - The ongoing debt reduction policies are expected to enhance the financial performance of environmental companies [6]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - In 2025, the urban investment bond market entered a low - volatility and long - short differentiation era with record - low net financing and issuance rates, and the shortest historical volatility and widening term spreads [1][47] - As 2027 June approaches, 2026 may be the starting point for urban investment bonds to return to differentiation. Although short - term risks are controllable, long - term transformation is inevitable [2][3] - In 2026, short - duration sinking strategies are still applicable, while long - duration band trading is difficult to grasp [4][5] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 2025, Low - Volatility and Long - Short Differentiation in the Stock Era 3.1.1 Net Financing and Issuance Rates Hit Record Lows - In 2025, new debt - resolution policies decreased, focusing on exiting key provinces and platforms, and "resolving existing debts and curbing new ones." The bond - issuance policy tightened, and the net financing of urban investment bonds reached a record low. From January to November, it was only 4 billion yuan, and there was a possibility of turning negative [11][17] - Low - level and medium - low - grade entities had large net repayment volumes. AA and below low - grade bonds and AA+ bonds had negative net financing, and district - county and park - level bonds also had negative net financing [21] - Most provinces saw a decline in net financing. Jiangsu had a net repayment of over 100 billion yuan, while Guangdong had a net financing of 8.77 billion yuan [22][23] - The issuance rate of urban investment bonds fluctuated downward, reaching a historical low in July. Except for Guizhou, the average issuance rate of other provinces was between 2% - 2.8%, and most provinces' rates decreased compared to the beginning of the year [27][31] 3.1.2 The Smallest Volatility in History and Widening Term Spreads - In the secondary market, the yield of urban investment bonds fluctuated in an "M" shape, and the credit spread narrowed. Taking the 3 - year AA+ implicit - rating urban investment bond as an example, the yield increased slightly by 14bp, and the credit spread narrowed from 47bp to 25bp [34] - 2025 was the year with the lowest static yield and the narrowest volatility for urban investment bonds. The mid - value of the 3 - year AA+ implicit - rating bond yield decreased by about 40bp, and the volatility range was only 29bp [37] - The short - and medium - term volatility narrowed significantly. The volatility range of the 3 - year AA variety narrowed from 72bp to 23bp [41] - The term spread of urban investment bonds widened. By the end of February, the term spreads were at historical lows, but then widened from February to October [42] 3.2 Approaching June 2027, 2026 May Be the Starting Point for Urban Investment to Return to Differentiation - In 2026, most urban investment bond investments will have maturities after June 2027. The scale of bonds maturing or exercisable after June 2027 has exceeded half of the total, and by the end of 2026, over 80% of bonds are expected to mature after June 2027 [48] - The speed of urban investment platforms exiting the list has accelerated since the second half of 2025, and the number of issuers declaring themselves as market - oriented business entities has increased significantly [49] - Whether the market's preference for urban investment bonds will change depends on local governments' willingness and ability to repay debts. Currently, the connection between urban investment and local governments remains close, and the tail - end regional risks have been mitigated to some extent. The market has not over - priced the issuers exiting the list [2][54][59] - In the long run, as traditional public - welfare businesses saturate, urban investment transformation is inevitable. The pricing of credit spreads may become more market - oriented, and 2026 may be the starting point for the return of differentiation, which is a long - term and gradual process [3][64][70] 3.3 In 2026, Short - Duration Sinking Is Still Applicable, and Band Trading May Be Difficult to Grasp - Urban investment bonds were the best - performing assets in the bond market in 2025. Short - duration sinking can still provide good returns with significantly reduced volatility. For example, the 90 - day moving average annualized return of 1 - year AA - implicit - rating urban investment bonds was 2.6%, and the volatility decreased to 0.67% [4][75][78] - It is recommended to focus on 1 - 3 - year AA(2) and 2 - 3 - year AA urban investment bonds, which have an average yield of over 2%, a large balance of outstanding bonds (3.1 trillion yuan in total), and good liquidity. The monthly transaction volume accounts for 4% - 10% [81] - Band trading of long - duration urban investment bonds in 2026 may be difficult to grasp. The participation in long - duration bonds may be similar to 2025, with less incremental funds. If the trend of interest - rate bonds is not obvious, band trading will be challenging. Long - duration bonds have weak liquidity, and it is recommended to choose AAA - rated entities in developed provinces [5][88]

Group 1: Fiscal Policy Overview - 2025 marks a critical turning point as broad fiscal budget expenditures return to an expansionary cycle, with significant adjustments made to increase fiscal resources while lowering revenue targets[6] - The broad fiscal deficit rate in 2025 reaches 8.4%, surpassing the historical high of 8.1% set in 2020[7] - The proportion of total fiscal expenditure to GDP has rebounded for the first time since 2020, indicating the start of a new expenditure expansion cycle[15] Group 2: Social Spending and Impact - Actual spending on social welfare areas reached a record high in recent years, with 1-10 months' social-related expenditure accounting for 40.6% of total spending, the highest in five years[20] - In the 2025 budget, education spending accounts for 15.0%, social security and employment for 14.8%, and health spending for 7.2%, reflecting a slight increase in focus on social welfare[19] Group 3: Local Government Debt and Revenue - Local government revenue has achieved positive growth for the second consecutive year, with a 2.1% increase in local fiscal revenue despite a decline in non-tax revenue growth[30] - Debt resolution policies have significantly reduced local government debt burdens, with early repayment of high-interest debts reaching 24.48 billion yuan, the highest in recent years[33] Group 4: Investment Support and Challenges - Fiscal support for investment has weakened compared to 2024, with infrastructure-related spending growth remaining low and focused primarily on social welfare[38] - The issuance of special bonds has slowed in the second half of 2025, with a total of 4.5 trillion yuan in new special bonds issued, compared to 4.0 trillion yuan in the same period last year[39] Group 5: Execution and Policy Implementation - The pace of fiscal spending has slowed, with the budget execution rate in 2025 being lower than in previous years, indicating a cautious approach to fiscal policy execution[44] - Key policies aimed at boosting consumption, such as pension increases and birth subsidies, have been delayed, limiting their effectiveness in stimulating economic growth[52]