2025年度回顾 2025年美元指数全年重挫9.5%，创八年来最差表现。作为全球储备货币，美元走势不仅影响国际金融市场，也与每个人的海外消费、留学、旅游等密切 相关。本文将深入分析美元下跌的原因，并展望2026年非美货币的发展趋势。 Part.01美元下跌原因分析 2025年美元下跌主要源于两大因素：美联储政策转向与政治不确定性。美联储在2025年启动降息周期，市场预期2026年将进一步降息两次，超出美联储自 身预测次数。降息导致美元资产吸引力下降，投资者纷纷转向其他高收益货币。 政治层面，特朗普宣布将于2026年1月提名新美联储主席，现任主席鲍威尔任期将于5月结束。市场担忧特朗普提名可能影响美联储独立性，加剧了美元跌 势。美国商品期货交易委员会数据显示，2025年4月以来市场维持美元净空头头寸，反映投资者对美元前景的悲观预期。 图 | 2025年美元指数走势 Part.02非美货币表现 2025年非美货币表现分化显著，欧系货币与商品货币涨幅居前。欧元全年上涨13.5%，英镑上涨7.6%，均创八年来最佳表现。澳元飙升超8%，为2020年以 来最高涨幅。新西兰元上涨3.4%，终结连续四年跌势。 日元表现不及预期 ...

美元指数在2025年下跌约9%，将创下八年来最差年度表现。驱动美元走弱的主要因素包括：美联储的 降息预期、与其他主要货币的利差收窄，以及对美国财政赤字和政治不确定性的担忧。国际清算银行数 据显示，10月美元的实际有效汇率指数为108.7，虽较1月创下的115.1的纪录高位有所下降，但仍处高 位，表明美元估值依然偏高。市场普遍预期，2026年美元将继续走弱，核心逻辑在于全球增长可能趋于 一致，美国的经济增长优势预计将收窄，而德国财政刺激、欧元区经济改善等因素可能降低美元的吸引 力。货币政策分化是另一大压力来源，市场预计美联储在新任主席上任后可能采取更偏鸽派的立场，并 继续降息，而欧洲央行等主要央行可能维持利率不变甚至存在加息可能。投资者警告，尽管长期趋势看 跌，但美元仍可能因人工智能热潮带来的股市资金流入等因素，在短期内出现反弹。任何对美国经济增 长的重大打击，都可能成为拖累美元的额外因素。 来源：滚动播报 ...

Core Viewpoints - The fragility of capital expenditure will manifest through deteriorating liquidity, with potential financial risks arising from interconnected transactions and off-balance-sheet financing. The "political-liquidity-narrative" framework is identified as a key source of external volatility [2] Group 1: AI Investment Bubble - Many believe that there is no bubble in the AI investment sector, citing the healthy revenue and cash flow of tech giants compared to the dot-com bubble era. However, this comparison overlooks fundamental differences in scale and concentration of AI investments today [7] - The value of AI in enhancing productivity across industries will take a long time to materialize, as organizational and process changes lag behind technological advancements. AI currently serves more as a predictive tool rather than a decision-making replacement [9] - Despite the long-term nature of AI's impact on productivity, investment in AI has become a market consensus, driven by various stakeholders including tech companies, financial institutions, and media [10] Group 2: Capital Expenditure Vulnerability - From Q3 2025, capital expenditures among major tech firms investing heavily in AI reached $105.77 billion, a 72.9% year-on-year increase. This surge raises concerns about cash flow sustainability, with the average Capex/CFO ratio rising by 29.7 percentage points to 75.2% [24] - Projections indicate that by Q2 2027, the average Capex/CFO ratio for these firms could reach 95.9%, nearing the peak levels seen during the dot-com bubble [25] - The potential for negative free cash flow could deepen vulnerabilities, particularly for firms like Meta, which may face a cash flow crisis by Q4 2026 [32] Group 3: Financial Risks from High Leverage and Off-Balance-Sheet Financing - In the first 11 months of the year, the total issuance of corporate bonds by hyperscaler companies reached $103.8 billion, significantly exceeding previous years. This surge has led to increased bond spreads and heightened financial risk [39] - Companies like Meta are employing off-balance-sheet financing strategies to manage massive capital needs while maintaining favorable financial statements. This approach poses significant risks, especially if technology bubbles burst or market conditions shift [42][43] Group 4: Political Uncertainty and Liquidity Risks - The sustainability of the AI narrative is closely tied to liquidity conditions, which have been bolstered by recent interest rate cuts. However, political uncertainties, particularly surrounding upcoming elections, could tighten liquidity and impact market sentiment [44][48] - The interplay between political decisions and liquidity will likely lead to increased volatility in the stock market, particularly for AI-related investments [50]

Group 1 - The overall outlook for precious metals is expected to continue a strong oscillation at high levels in the short term, driven by various market factors [1] - The expectation of the U.S. government reopening and the return of interest rate cut expectations are contributing to a bullish sentiment for gold prices [2] - The retirement of Atlanta Fed President Bostic is likely to lead to a more dovish stance within the Federal Reserve, further supporting gold and silver prices [2] Group 2 - Concerns regarding the independence of the Federal Reserve are a significant factor pushing gold prices higher, with potential implications for a $500 increase in gold prices if the Supreme Court rules in favor of the President [3] - Increasing geopolitical and economic uncertainties are creating upward pressure on gold prices, as investors seek alternatives to U.S. Treasury bonds [3] - The recent technical correction in gold prices has alleviated overbought market conditions, contributing to a renewed bullish momentum [3]

（文章来源：新华财经） 法国央行在其例行调查中表示，意义重大的预算投票，加上国际形势严峻，预计11月法国的重大投资项 目将放缓。报告称："受政治局势影响，工业订单量普遍偏低，不确定性依然很高。" 新华财经北京11月12日电法国央行表示，法国经济"将在第四季度略有增长"，政治不确定性较高导致11 月扩张速度放缓，不过法国央行在周二发布的月度预测中并未给出具体数字。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve identifies political uncertainty and geopolitical risks as the most prominent concerns for stability [1] Group 1 - The Federal Reserve's assessment highlights that political uncertainty is a significant factor affecting market stability [1] - Geopolitical risks are also noted as a critical concern that could impact economic conditions [1]

Core Viewpoint - The political instability in France is significantly impacting the burgeoning tech industry, raising concerns about the future of innovation and investment in the country [5][8][9]. Group 1: Political Instability and Its Impact - The recent appointment of Prime Minister Le Cornu and the formation of a new government face immediate resistance from opposition parties, indicating a turbulent political environment [4][11]. - France's political landscape has been described as "Italianized" and "Japanese," with a lack of stable governance affecting the tech sector's growth and innovation [5][10]. - The ongoing political crisis is seen as both institutional and economic, leading to a loss of confidence among investors and difficulties for startups in hiring and securing funding [8][9]. Group 2: Government Initiatives and Challenges - The "France 2030" plan, which aims to enhance industrial competitiveness and technological advancement with a budget of €54 billion over five years, has faced challenges due to the political climate [7][10]. - Despite previous successes in the tech sector, the current government instability is causing concern among startups about the future of innovation funding and operational stability [8][9]. - The recent changes in key government positions, including the Minister of AI and Digital Affairs, reflect the ongoing turmoil and its potential negative effects on the tech industry [9][10]. Group 3: Future Outlook - The new government must address the urgent need for political stability to restore confidence among businesses and investors, which is crucial for the continued growth of the tech sector [8][11]. - The upcoming budget draft, due by October 15, is a critical task for the new administration, with implications for economic policy and investor sentiment [12][13].

Core Viewpoint - Political uncertainty has become a focal point for the market, particularly following the dissolution of the ruling coalition in Japan, which has led to volatility in the stock market and currency exchange rates [1][8]. Group 1: Market Reactions - Following the rise of the Japanese stock market, which reached historical highs above 47,000 and 48,000 points with a peak increase of 5%, the situation changed dramatically after the announcement of the dissolution of the ruling coalition [2][3]. - The Nikkei index futures experienced a significant drop of 5% on the day of the coalition's dissolution, indicating a sharp market reaction to the political developments [7]. Group 2: Political Landscape - The formal dissolution of the "Self-Public Coalition" has created uncertainty regarding the prospects of Sanna Takachi becoming Japan's first female Prime Minister, as the election process involves a two-round voting system in the National Diet [3][5]. - The current seat distribution in the House of Representatives shows the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) holding 196 seats, while the now-independent Komeito Party has 24 seats, and the largest opposition party, the Constitutional Democratic Party, has 148 seats [5]. Group 3: Implications for Economic Policy - Analysts suggest that if Takachi fails to secure the Prime Minister position, it could delay the submission of the supplementary budget to the National Diet, significantly impacting economic stimulus policies planned for the fourth quarter [8]. - The market's perception of Takachi's economic policies has shifted, with concerns about extreme fiscal expansion being deemed overstated, as her stance has moved towards a more moderate and conservative approach [7].

Core Viewpoint - The potential dissolution of the ruling coalition between the Komeito Party and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) poses significant uncertainty for Japan's political and legislative agenda, particularly affecting the newly appointed Prime Minister Sanna Takashi's ability to push through budget proposals and legislation [1] Group 1: Political Developments - Komeito Party leader Tetsuo Saito expressed intentions to "break away from the ruling coalition framework," indicating a significant shift in Japan's political landscape [1] - The failure to reach an agreement on party funding rules during discussions between Saito and Takashi raises concerns about Komeito's support in the upcoming prime ministerial election [1] - Analysts suggest that despite losing Komeito's backing, Takashi is likely to become the next Prime Minister due to the LDP's majority in both houses of the Japanese parliament [1] Group 2: Market Reactions - The breakdown of the coalition has led to increased volatility in the Japanese yen and a decline in the Nikkei 225 index futures, with market participants anticipating further fluctuations in the yen, Japanese government bonds, and the stock market amid political uncertainty [1] - Wells Fargo's Chidu Narayanan noted that the political turmoil could pressure Japanese assets, with the potential for larger fiscal expansions negatively impacting government bonds and the yen [2] - Market analysts predict that the Nikkei 225 index may retreat to around 45,000 points due to the combination of political instability and external factors such as the ongoing U.S. government shutdown [2] Group 3: Economic Implications - The political instability is expected to weaken Takashi's economic policy influence, potentially leading to policy concessions from the LDP [3] - Analysts from various firms express a cautious outlook on the Japanese stock market, indicating that while long-term prospects remain positive, short-term corrections may occur until the leadership situation stabilizes [3]

Core Points - The resignation of French Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu has triggered a political crisis, leading to increased financial market volatility and concerns among investors [1][2][3] Financial Market Impact - Following the resignation, French 10-year government bond yields surged over 0.1 percentage points, surpassing 3.6%, nearing levels seen during the 2011 Eurozone crisis [2] - The yield spread between French and German 10-year bonds widened to over 10 basis points, reaching approximately 89 basis points, the highest since January [2] - The CAC 40 index in Paris dropped about 2%, falling below the critical 8000-point mark, with significant declines in the banking sector [3] Economic Concerns - France's public debt reached €3.4 trillion, with a budget deficit rate exceeding 5.4%, both among the highest in the EU [3][4] - Political instability has led to a decline in investor confidence, with predictions of a 0.3% loss in economic growth for 2025 due to the ongoing crisis [5][6] - The uncertainty surrounding the 2026 budget proposal poses a significant challenge for the government, as failure to pass it could lead to temporary funding measures [4] Broader Implications for the Eurozone - The political turmoil in France has negatively impacted the euro, with the exchange rate against the dollar dropping significantly [7][8] - Analysts express concerns that the ongoing instability could jeopardize the entire Eurozone's economic stability, as France is a key player in the region [8] - The crisis adds to existing challenges in the EU, including slow economic growth and high borrowing costs, making it difficult to attract investment [8]