《2025碳普惠年度调查报告》聚焦山东省沿黄流域与全国试点区域，系统分析碳普惠机制发展现状、特征与挑战，为推动全民低碳行动与"双碳"目标落地提 供实证参考。 碳普惠机制已上升为国家战略，发展基础逐步夯实。作为衔接消费侧减排与生产侧碳市场的关键纽带，碳普惠通过量化公众低碳行为并转化为碳积分，实 现"可记录、可衡量、有收益"。政策层面，全国28个省份出台专项政策或实施方案，山东、北京、上海等地区构建起"省级统一平台+地方特色子平台"架 构，专项政策覆盖率达82.5%。实践层面，形成政府引导、企业主导、公众参与的多元格局，全国31个省级行政区推出线上平台，覆盖出行、消费、居住、 回收、办公五大场景，广东PHCER、上海SHCER等闭环模式实现减排量市场化交易。 发展呈现多元创新特征，但结构性矛盾突出。参与主体方面，政府、企业、公众协同推进，招商银行低碳绿卡、美团低碳消费积分等创新模式涌现，商业平 台导入用户占比超60%。机制模式上，开放与闭环、政府与企业主导类型互补，酒店业等细分领域创新兴起，试点酒店单间客房年减排约15%-20%。技术支 撑上，区块链、物联网等技术保障数据可信，线上平台成为核心载体。但问题同样显著 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government has set a target for 2035 to establish a climate-adaptive society, emphasizing the importance of adapting to climate change as a key component of its strategy to address climate challenges [1][3]. Summary by Sections Importance of Climate Adaptation - The urgency of adapting to climate change has significantly increased, with the Chinese government recognizing it as a critical task since the 2007 national plan, which highlighted the need for both mitigation and adaptation [2]. - Previous national contributions have included proactive adaptation measures, and various strategies and guidelines have been developed to support climate adaptation efforts [2]. Goals and Strategies - The "National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035" aims for significant progress by 2030 and the establishment of a climate-adaptive society by 2035 [3]. - Recent government documents reiterate the importance of enhancing climate adaptation capabilities as part of the broader goal of building a beautiful China [3]. Current Challenges - There are notable gaps in understanding the importance and necessity of climate adaptation, including insufficient localized research on climate impacts and risks [3][4]. - The focus on mitigation over adaptation remains prevalent, with a lack of awareness and education on the importance of adaptation strategies [3]. Policy and Action Gaps - The current policies and actions for climate adaptation are not sufficiently aligned with the increasing risks and impacts of climate change [4]. - The development of a comprehensive policy framework for climate adaptation is still in its early stages, with many regions lacking adequate policies and actions [4]. Recommendations for Improvement - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is seen as a crucial time for advancing the climate-adaptive society, with recommendations to prioritize adaptation alongside mitigation [5]. - A systematic governance framework for climate adaptation should be established, focusing on key areas and populations to enhance resilience [5]. Organizational Structure - Strengthening the national coordination of climate adaptation efforts and developing a robust organizational framework is essential for effective implementation [6][7]. - Local governments should enhance their capacity to address climate adaptation, fostering a network of support institutions and trained professionals [7]. Risk Identification and Public Awareness - Accurate identification and communication of climate risks are fundamental for effective adaptation actions [7]. - Enhancing public awareness and understanding of climate change risks through education and media engagement is crucial [7]. Regional Adaptation Actions - Different regions should explore tailored adaptation strategies based on their unique risks and development stages [8]. - Coastal areas should focus on risks from sea-level rise and storms, while urban areas need to address heatwaves and flooding [8]. Resource Mobilization - There is a need to develop standards and evaluation systems for climate adaptation projects to attract more investment [9]. - Encouraging public and organizational participation in climate adaptation initiatives is vital for building a collaborative approach [9].

Core Viewpoint - China has announced its new 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets, marking a significant step in its commitment to climate action and sustainable development, reflecting its ambition to address climate change while balancing economic growth and energy security [5][6][10]. Group 1: Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Goals - The new NDC includes a quantitative target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 7%-10% from peak levels by 2035, marking the first time a total reduction target has been set [6][7]. - Key quantitative indicators include non-fossil energy consumption accounting for over 30% of total energy consumption, wind and solar power capacity reaching 360 million kilowatts, and forest stock exceeding 24 billion cubic meters [6][7]. - The qualitative indicators emphasize the mainstreaming of new energy vehicles, the coverage of major high-emission industries in the national carbon market, and the establishment of a climate-resilient society [6][7]. Group 2: Climate Adaptation and Resilience - The NDC highlights the establishment of a climate-resilient society, focusing on enhancing the capacity of agriculture and urban infrastructure to cope with extreme weather events [8]. - By 2035, China aims to achieve advanced climate change monitoring and warning capabilities, a mature climate risk management system, and improved societal adaptation to climate change [8]. Group 3: Progress in Green Transition - China has made significant strides in reducing carbon emissions per unit of GDP, with a rapidly growing renewable energy sector that supplies over 80% of global solar components and 70% of wind power equipment [9]. - The country has also implemented substantial upgrades to coal-fired power plants and eliminated nearly 50 million high-emission vehicles, contributing to a stable carbon market that now covers over 60% of national emissions [9]. Group 4: Global Climate Leadership - China's commitment to the new NDC is seen as a strong signal of its role as a key player in global climate governance, providing support to developing countries through technology and funding [10][11]. - The NDC aims to inject confidence into the international community, reinforcing China's position as an active contributor to global climate action [11]. Group 5: Economic and Social Benefits - The implementation of the NDC is expected to generate significant green investment and job opportunities, with projections indicating that the green low-carbon industry could exceed 30 trillion yuan, creating millions of high-quality jobs [22]. - The transition to a green economy is anticipated to reshape industrial structures and stimulate innovation, contributing to sustainable development both domestically and globally [22].

Group 1 - The World Meteorological Organization reported that the rate of carbon dioxide growth has tripled since the 1960s, reaching the highest concentration in at least 800,000 years, leading to a long-term warming trajectory towards a potential increase of 3 degrees Celsius [1] - China has made significant efforts to combat climate change, aiming to peak carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, as outlined in the 20th National Congress [1] - Over the past five years, China has built the world's largest and fastest-growing renewable energy system, contributing to a quarter of the global increase in green areas, with significant progress in reducing carbon intensity and increasing non-fossil energy consumption [1] Group 2 - China actively participates in global climate governance, establishing multilateral consultation mechanisms and contributing to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, while being the largest exporter and investor in clean technology [2] - A new round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) targets was announced, aiming for a 7%-10% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2035, with non-fossil energy consumption exceeding 30% of total energy consumption and significant increases in renewable energy capacity [2] Group 3 - The National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 emphasizes the severe impacts of climate change on China's natural ecosystems and the economy, predicting an increase in extreme weather events [3] - Recent abnormal weather patterns have significantly affected production and living conditions, with a notable shift in rainfall patterns and challenges to agricultural productivity [3][4] Group 4 - During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China should promote the construction of a climate-adaptive society, enhancing the resilience of agriculture, urban areas, and infrastructure to extreme weather events [4] - Key initiatives include improving disaster warning capabilities, strengthening infrastructure resilience, and developing agricultural disaster response systems [4]

Core Points - The article emphasizes the importance of practical implementation of policies and the commitment of the Chinese government to environmental protection and air quality improvement [1][2][3] Group 1: Environmental Policy and Implementation - The Chinese government has prioritized air pollution control as a major public welfare issue, particularly in large cities like Beijing, and has initiated a comprehensive approach to environmental governance [2][3] - Specific measures taken include the analysis of PM2.5 sources, transitioning from coal to electricity and gas, and the elimination of outdated vehicles, showcasing a meticulous approach to pollution control [3][4] - The collaboration among the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding cities has expanded from 2+26 to 2+36 cities to enhance air quality management [5] Group 2: Achievements in Air Quality Improvement - Since 2013, the number of heavily polluted days in China has decreased by over 90%, with a target PM2.5 average concentration of 29.3 micrograms per cubic meter by 2024 [5][8] - The average PM2.5 concentration in Beijing has dropped by 65.9% from 2013 to 2024, indicating significant progress in maintaining blue skies as a norm [8][9] - The transformation towards a greener economy is highlighted, with China becoming the fastest country in improving air quality globally, aiming for carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 [7][8] Group 3: International Cooperation and Global Impact - China has signed cooperation agreements with over 40 developing countries to combat climate change and is a major supplier of wind and solar energy equipment globally [8] - The commitment to international climate cooperation is reinforced by China's announcement of new national contributions at the UN climate summit, aiming for a climate-adaptive society by 2035 [8]

Core Points - China has officially announced its 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) at the UN Climate Change Summit, marking a new journey in addressing climate change and contributing positively to the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement [1][3] - The 2035 targets include a 7%-10% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from peak levels, a non-fossil energy consumption share of over 30%, and a significant increase in installed capacity for wind and solar power [1][2] Group 1 - The 2035 NDC represents a historic shift from relative to absolute emission reduction targets, establishing a comprehensive action plan that includes energy and industrial transformation, as well as policy innovation [1][3] - China aims to build a climate-resilient society and has implemented the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, focusing on long-term adaptation goals and pilot projects [2][3] Group 2 - China's commitment to the 2035 NDC reflects its role as a responsible major power, enhancing global climate governance stability and confidence amid rising challenges [3][4] - The new targets are expected to generate substantial green investment and job opportunities, while also reducing global transition costs [3][4] - China has engaged in South-South cooperation on climate change with 42 developing countries, signing 54 agreements and conducting over 70 projects to enhance their climate response capabilities [3][4]

Core Viewpoint - China has announced a new round of national contributions to climate change, marking a significant shift towards absolute reduction targets for greenhouse gas emissions across the entire economy, which will contribute positively to the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement [1][2][6]. Group 1: National Contribution Goals - The new 2035 national contribution target includes a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 7%-10% from peak levels, representing a major transition from intensity control to total volume control [2][3]. - The "1+3+3" framework combines qualitative and quantitative targets, with three new qualitative indicators introduced, including the development of a carbon trading market and the establishment of a climate-adaptive society [2][3]. Group 2: Climate Adaptation and Resilience - By 2035, China aims to establish a climate-adaptive society, enhancing monitoring and risk management capabilities related to climate change [4]. - The construction of a climate-adaptive society is seen as essential for ensuring public safety and promoting harmony between humans and nature, providing a model for global responses to climate risks [4]. Group 3: Global Climate Governance - The announcement is expected to boost international confidence in climate governance and strengthen global cooperation in addressing climate change [6][7]. - Achieving these new targets will require a favorable international environment, emphasizing the need for fair cooperation and reliable supply chains among nations [7].

Core Insights - The insurance industry faces significant challenges due to frequent climate risks, highlighted by the impact of Typhoon "Hagupit" on southern China, necessitating improved risk management capabilities [1][3] - The establishment of a multi-layered risk-sharing mechanism involving direct insurance companies, catastrophe co-insurance, reinsurance companies, catastrophe bonds, special funds, and government support is crucial for building a "climate-adaptive society" [1][3] - The development of Large Risk Models (LRM) leveraging artificial intelligence is essential for enhancing risk visibility and management in the insurance sector [2][8] Group 1: Climate Risks and Insurance - Typhoon "Hagupit" has caused significant economic losses, with the insurance industry expected to face increasing claims as natural disasters become more frequent [3] - Guangdong province has pioneered catastrophe insurance, accumulating premiums of 860 million yuan and payouts of 1.93 billion yuan during the pilot phase from 2022 to 2024 [1] - The insurance sector is transitioning from post-disaster compensation to a comprehensive risk management approach that includes prevention and mitigation strategies [3][7] Group 2: Technological Advancements in Risk Management - Companies like Ping An have developed advanced systems, such as the "Eagle Eye" system, which utilizes AI and big data for real-time flood forecasting and risk management [4][6] - The insurance industry is increasingly adopting digital tools, including satellite remote sensing and IoT, to enhance risk identification and monitoring capabilities [3][6] - The emergence of AI-driven models is expected to transform risk assessment and management, allowing for real-time monitoring and dynamic evaluation of risks [9][11] Group 3: Future Directions and Opportunities - The integration of AI into risk modeling is seen as a key area for future development, enabling more accurate and responsive risk assessments [8][9] - The potential for LRM to provide real-time pricing mechanisms for catastrophe bonds and enhance climate risk diversification is being explored [9] - The government's push for AI applications in risk prevention indicates a strategic direction for the insurance industry to leverage technology for improved risk management [11]

Core Viewpoint - China announced new national contributions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 7% to 10% from peak levels by 2035, aiming for significant advancements in renewable energy and carbon trading markets [1] Group 1: Emission Reduction Goals - By 2035, China's total greenhouse gas emissions are targeted to decrease by 7% to 10% from peak levels [1] - The goal aligns with the requirements of the Paris Agreement, reflecting China's commitment to climate change mitigation [1] Group 2: Renewable Energy Targets - Non-fossil energy consumption is expected to account for over 30% of total energy consumption [1] - Installed capacity for wind and solar power is projected to exceed six times that of 2020, aiming for 360 million kilowatts [1] Group 3: Forest and Vehicle Initiatives - Forest stock volume is targeted to reach over 24 billion cubic meters [1] - New energy vehicles are expected to become the mainstream of new vehicle sales [1] Group 4: Carbon Trading and Climate Adaptation - The national carbon emissions trading market will cover major high-emission industries [1] - A climate-resilient society is aimed to be fundamentally established [1]