以下文章来源于六亿居士 ，作者六亿居士 六亿居士 . 雪球2024年度十大影响力用户。每周发布指数估值表，坚持指数基金(ETF)低估定投，分享指数基金基础分析，让我们：买入有依，持有有底，卖出有据。 一、看懂市场"体温"：全A估值仪表盘 ↑点击上面图片 加雪球核心交流群 ↑ 风险提示：本文所提到的观点仅代表个人的意见，所涉及标的不作推荐，据此买卖，风险自负。 作者： 六亿居士 来源：雪球 在过去的几个月里，沉寂多年之后的市场，迎来了结构性牛市，以芯片、AI、算力等为代表的硬科技领域实现了广泛上涨，很多指数的估值温度不 断上升。 今天，我们一起重新仔细回顾估值表的使用方式，更好地应对市场的不同周期。 对新手来说，可以把全市场温度理解成市场的"体温表"。温度高，说明市场热；温度低，说明市场冷。 当低于20度时，往往是我们定投的好时机；而当高于60度时，意味着市场逐步进入偏热，机会开始分化，需要提高警惕。 我们一起看最新一期的全市场估值温度... 1）全市场温度 代表了当下A股市场的温度高低，0度最低、100度最高， 当下为59.86度，中性偏热 。该指标采用代表全市场的沪深全A的估值，计算方式为： （指数市盈率百 ...

↑点击上面图片 加雪球核心交流群 ↑ 风险提示：本文所提到的观点仅代表个人的意见，所涉及标的不作推荐，据此买卖，风险自负。 以下文章来源于六亿居士 ，作者六亿居士 六亿居士 . 雪球2024年度十大影响力用户。每周发布指数估值表，坚持指数基金(ETF)低估定投，分享指数基金基础分析，让我们：买入有依，持有有底，卖出有 据。 作者： 六亿居士 来源：雪球 在开始文章前 ， 需要说明一个关键问题 ： 受估值中枢移动影响 ， PE和PB估值百分位的中枢一直在变化 （ 下移 ） 。 大部分指数在同一个估值温度下 ， 绝对估值有较大下移 。 今天 ， 我们一起回顾主要核心指数的相关情况 ， 供大家参考 。 一 、 历次牛市全市场估值温度回顾 我们一般用沪深全A （ 中证全指 ） 来代表全市场整体的情况 ， 这比上证指数 、 沪深300或其他指数更具代表性 。 因为该指数几乎涵盖所有A 股上市公司 ， 完整了展现了市场的基本情况 。 指数估值温度 = （ PE估值百分位 + PB估值百分位 ） /2 百分位统计周期 ， 一般采用指数成立至今全历史数据 ， 沪深全A采用近20年数据 。 基于A股较为强烈的情绪化 ， 采用全 ...

Report Summary 1. Investment Rating No investment rating for the industry is provided in the report. 2. Core View The market showed active trading last week with a convergence in the discount of index futures, indicating optimistic market expectations. In the short - term, the market may enter a high - level consolidation phase. Policy expectations and improved economic data support the market, but valuation pressures are emerging. Investors are advised to focus on market structural changes, seize sector rotation opportunities, and control positions to prevent short - term adjustment risks [28]. 3. Section Summaries 3.1 Market Review - On August 29, A - share major indices rose. The Shanghai Composite Index rose 0.37% to 3857.93 points, the Shenzhen Component Index rose 0.99% to 12696.15 points, and the ChiNext Index rose 2.23% to 2890.13 points. The trading volume of the two markets was 27983 billion yuan, a decrease of 1725 billion yuan from the previous trading day. Battery, insurance, and other sectors led the gains, while education, semiconductor, etc. declined [5]. - Last week, domestic stock index futures strengthened. The weekly increases of the main contracts of CSI 300, SSE 50, CSI 500, and CSI 1000 futures were +3.01%, +1.73%, +3.09%, and +0.64% respectively [5]. - Last week, treasury bond futures rose. The 30 - year, 10 - year, 5 - year, and 2 - year treasury bond futures rose 0.56%, 0.14%, 0.14%, and 0.10% respectively [6]. 3.2 Fundamental Analysis - The CSRC held a symposium, emphasizing the consolidation of the capital market's recovery, promoting reform and opening - up, and advocating long - term, value, and rational investment [7]. - As of August 29, 5299 A - share companies disclosed their 2025 semi - annual reports, with 4085 companies having positive net profits, accounting for 77.09%. 643 companies had a year - on - year net profit growth rate of over 100% [7]. - From August 27 - 29, Chinese official visited the US to discuss Sino - US economic and trade relations, emphasizing cooperation and dialogue [7]. - Last week, the central bank conducted 22731 billion yuan in reverse repurchase operations and 6000 billion yuan in 1 - year MLF operations, with a net withdrawal of 4039 billion yuan. This week, 22731 billion yuan in reverse repurchases and 10000 billion yuan in 91 - day repurchase agreements will mature [8]. 3.3 Valuation Analysis - As of August 29, the PE, percentile, and PB of the CSI 300, SSE 50, CSI 500, and CSI 1000 indices are presented. For example, the CSI 300 index has a PE of 14.15 times, a percentile of 86.86%, and a PB of 1.48 times [12]. - The report explains the concept and calculation formulas of the stock - bond yield spread [23]. 3.4 China - Buffett Indicator On August 29, 2025, the ratio of total market capitalization to GDP was 86.95%. The percentile of the current "total market capitalization/GDP" in historical data was 86.46%, and in the past 10 - year data was 90.36% [26]. 3.5 Comprehensive Analysis and Operation Suggestions - The market last week was characterized by active trading and a convergence in index futures discounts. In the short - term, the market may enter a high - level consolidation phase [28]. - Operation suggestions include: for single - side trading, buy on dips while being wary of valuation risks; for arbitrage, participate in the IM/IH spread convergence strategy and watch for style - switching signals; for options, use covered calls to increase returns or buy put options to hedge volatility risks [29].

Report Investment Rating No information on the industry investment rating is provided in the report. Core Viewpoints - The market is in a stage of game between policy expectations and fundamental reality, and is expected to maintain a volatile and slightly stronger pattern in the short term. Attention should be paid to the spread changes between index futures contracts to seize cross - variety arbitrage opportunities, while being vigilant against external market fluctuations and rapid style switching risks [30]. Summary by Directory 1. A - share Market Review - On August 22, the A - share market continued its strong performance. The Shanghai Composite Index broke through 3800 points, reaching a ten - year high. The Shanghai Composite Index rose 1.45% to 3825.76 points, the Shenzhen Component Index rose 2.07% to 12166.06 points, the ChiNext Index rose 3.36% to 2682.55 points, and the Science and Technology Innovation 50 Index rose 8.59% to 1247.86 points. The trading volume of the two markets reached 2546.7 billion yuan, an increase of 122.7 billion yuan from the previous day [1]. 2. Bond Market - Last week, treasury bond futures rose collectively. The 30 - year treasury bond futures fell 1.05% to 115.980 yuan, the 10 - year treasury bond futures fell 0.52% to 107.660 yuan, the 5 - year treasury bond futures fell 0.28% to 105.370 yuan, and the 2 - year treasury bond futures fell 0.06% to 102.318 yuan [2]. 3. Domestic Stock Index Futures Market - Last week, the domestic stock index futures market strengthened collectively. The CSI 300 futures (IF) closed at 4394.0 on August 22, up 4.39% for the week; the SSE 50 futures (IH) closed at 2942.0, up 3.36%; the CSI 500 futures (IC) closed at 6810.4, up 4.28%; the CSI 1000 futures (IM) closed at 7348.6, up 3.70% [7]. 4. Fundamental Analysis - The State Council executive meeting pointed out that the policy of large - scale equipment renewal and consumer goods trade - in has achieved obvious results. It is necessary to strengthen policy support, release domestic demand potential, and stimulate sports consumption [8]. - From January to July, the number of newly established foreign - invested enterprises in China increased by 14.1% year - on - year, but the actual use of foreign capital decreased by 13.4%. The actual use of foreign capital in high - tech industries was 137.36 billion yuan, with significant growth in some sub - sectors [8]. - After Fed Chairman Powell's speech, traders increased their bets on a September interest rate cut by the Fed and fully digested the expectation of two interest rate cuts by the end of the year [9]. - Last week, the central bank conducted 2.077 trillion yuan of reverse repurchase operations, with a net investment of 1.3652 trillion yuan. It will conduct 600 billion yuan of MLF operations on August 25, with a net investment of 300 billion yuan this month [9]. 5. Valuation Analysis - As of August 15, the PE of the CSI 300 Index was 13.73 times, the percentile was 80%, and the PB was 1.45 times; the PE of the SSE 50 Index was 11.71 times, the percentile was 88.82%, and the PB was 1.29 times; the PE of the CSI 500 Index was 32.02 times, the percentile was 76.27%, and the PB was 2.17 times; the PE of the CSI 1000 Index was 44.56 times, the percentile was 70.39%, and the PB was 2.47 times [12]. - The report introduced two formulas for calculating the stock - bond spread [24]. 6. China - Buffett Indicator - On August 21, 2025, the ratio of total market capitalization to GDP was 86.00%. The current "total market capitalization/GDP" was at the 85.11% percentile in historical data and the 88.43% percentile in the past 10 - year data [27]. 7. Comprehensive Analysis - Last week, the stock index futures market continued to rise in a volatile manner. Small and medium - cap varieties outperformed large - cap contracts. The market showed the characteristics of "strong index and differentiated stocks". The main indexes' valuation percentiles were at a relatively high level in history, and technical adjustment risks needed to be noted [30]. 8. Operation Suggestions - Unilateral trading: IF and IH still have long - term layout value; IM and IC are more representative of industrial structure upgrading directions but have higher volatility [31]. - Arbitrage: Cross - variety arbitrage needs to capture the rhythm of market style switching [31]. - Options: A covered call strategy can be considered to increase returns [32].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given content 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Last week, the stock index futures continued to fluctuate upwards, but market differentiation intensified, showing the characteristic of "strong index, weak stocks". The core contradiction lies in the game between policy expectations and economic reality. The market presents a game feature of "policy support" and "fundamental pressure", and it is necessary to focus on the matching degree between policy implementation efficiency and marginal improvement of economic data. Maintain optimism in the medium - long term, but be vigilant against short - term fluctuations caused by repeated expectations of peripheral liquidity [31] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Market Performance - On August 15, the three major A - share indexes continued their strong performance. The Shanghai Composite Index rose 0.83%, the Shenzhen Component Index rose 1.60%, and the ChiNext Index rose 2.61%. Most industry sectors rose, with only the banking sector falling. The trading volume of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets exceeded 2 trillion for three consecutive days, with a turnover of more than 2.2 trillion on that day, slightly lower than the previous trading day [1] - Last week, treasury bond futures rose collectively. The 30 - year, 10 - year, 5 - year, and 2 - year treasury bond futures had respective price changes of - 1.48%, - 0.29%, - 0.15%, and - 0.02% [2] - Last week, the domestic stock index futures market strengthened collectively. The CSI 300 futures, SSE 50 futures, CSI 500 futures, and CSI 1000 futures had weekly increases of 3.09%, 2.19%, 4.88%, and 5.21% respectively [7] Fundamental Analysis - In July, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 5.7% year - on - year, and by 0.38% month - on - month. From January to July, it increased by 6.3% year - on - year [8] - From January to July, the national real estate development investment was 535.8 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 12.0%. Residential investment was 412.08 billion yuan, a decrease of 10.9%. Various indicators such as construction area, new construction area, and completion area all declined [8] - In July, the total retail sales of consumer goods was 3.878 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 3.7%. From January to July, it was 28.4238 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 4.8%. The central bank will focus on the supply - side to promote consumption [9] - Last week, the central bank conducted 711.8 billion yuan of reverse repurchase operations and had 1126.7 billion yuan of reverse repurchase maturities, with a net withdrawal of 414.9 billion yuan. It also carried out 500 billion yuan of 6 - month outright reverse repurchase operations. This week, there will be 711.8 billion yuan of reverse repurchase maturities and 22 billion yuan of treasury cash fixed - deposit maturities [10] Valuation Analysis - As of August 15, the PE, percentile, and PB of the CSI 300 Index were 13.42 times, 74.12%, and 1.42 times respectively; those of the SSE 50 Index were 11.55 times, 86.08%, and 1.28 times respectively; those of the CSI 500 Index were 30.95 times, 74.12%, and 2.09 times respectively; those of the CSI 1000 Index were 42.88 times, 69.8%, and 2.38 times respectively [14] - The stock - bond yield spread is the difference between the stock market yield and the treasury bond yield, with two calculation formulas provided [26] China - Buffett Indicator - On August 14, 2025, the ratio of total market capitalization to GDP was 81.59%. The percentile of the current "total market capitalization/GDP" in historical data was 78.56%, and in the last 10 - year data was 78.99% [29] Comprehensive Analysis - The consumer recovery momentum needs to be strengthened, but there are structural highlights in consumption. Industrial production is stable, and high - tech manufacturing continues to lead. Policy - wise, the loose tone of monetary policy remains unchanged, but the rebound of US PPI may restrict the inflow of foreign capital. Domestic fiscal policy is still being implemented, and the impact of special treasury bonds on infrastructure may appear in the third quarter. The market volatility remains low, and investors expect limited short - term breakthroughs [31] Operation Recommendations - Unilateral: Control risks, buy on dips, and avoid chasing highs [32] - Arbitrage: Wait and see [33] - Options: Consider the covered call strategy to increase returns [34]

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant information provided. 2. Core Viewpoints - Last week, the A-share market and domestic stock index futures market both experienced a collective correction. This week, stock index futures are expected to show a volatile and relatively stable trend, with upward movement limited by weak economic data and downward movement supported by policies [2][5][25]. 3. Summary by Directory Market Performance - On August 1st, the three major A-share indexes slightly declined. The Shanghai Composite Index fell 0.37% to 3559.95 points, the Shenzhen Component Index dropped 0.17% to 10991.32 points, and the ChiNext Index decreased 0.24% to 2322.63 points. The trading volume of the two markets was 15984 billion yuan, a significant reduction of 3377 billion yuan from the previous day [2]. - Last week, the main contracts of domestic stock index futures all declined. The weekly decline rates of CSI 300 futures, SSE 50 futures, CSI 500 futures, and CSI 1000 futures were -2.10%, -1.52%, -1.80%, and -0.95% respectively [5]. - Last week, 30-year and 10-year treasury bond futures rose, while 5-year and 2-year treasury bond futures fell [6]. Fundamental Analysis - The National Development and Reform Commission has established a regular communication and exchange mechanism with private enterprises, held 17 symposiums, and communicated face-to-face with nearly 80 private enterprises. It has also conducted more than 500 discussions with private enterprises through various means, and provincial, municipal, and county development and reform departments have held more than 20,000 private enterprise symposiums. The comprehensive service platform for private economic development has received more than 2400 problem requests since its launch more than half a year ago [7]. - The People's Bank of China held a work meeting for the second half of 2025, stating that since 2025, it has strengthened situation analysis, prepared policy reserves, introduced a package of monetary policy measures, and effectively promoted various tasks [8]. - The Ministry of Finance conducted the first reissuance of the 2025 ultra-long-term special treasury bonds (Phase III). The reissued bonds are 50-year fixed-rate interest-bearing bonds with a competitive tender face value of 35 billion yuan and a coupon rate of 2.10%. As of August 1st, 796 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds have been issued, reaching 61% of the annual issuance plan [8]. - Last week, the central bank conducted 1663.2 billion yuan of reverse repurchase operations in the open market, with 1656.3 billion yuan of reverse repurchases maturing, resulting in a net investment of 6.9 billion yuan. This week, 1663.2 billion yuan of reverse repurchases will mature [9]. Valuation Analysis - As of August 1st, the PE, PB, and their respective percentile points of the CSI 300, SSE 50, CSI 500, and CSI 1000 indexes are provided [12]. - The concept and calculation formulas of the stock-bond yield spread are introduced [22]. China - Buffett Indicator - On July 31st, 2025, the ratio of total market capitalization to GDP was 80.03%. The percentile of the current "total market capitalization/GDP" in historical data was 75.10%, and in the past 10 years' data, it was 73.51% [24]. Comprehensive Analysis - The A-share market is expected to maintain a volatile pattern this week. The macro environment presents a game between "policy support" and "weak economic recovery." The extension of the 24% reciprocal tariff suspension period between China and the US has alleviated market concerns, but structural contradictions remain [25]. - In July, the manufacturing PMI dropped to 49.3%, indicating continued pressure on corporate profits. However, policy support continues, and consumer and manufacturing sectors may receive support [25]. - In terms of market style, funds may continue to rotate between defensive sectors and policy-driven sectors. The convergence of stock index futures discounts reflects a weakening of short-selling pressure, but the high proportion of net short positions in the IM contract means that the volatility risk of small and medium-cap stocks needs to be watched out for [25].

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided. 2. Core View of the Report Last week, the A-share market showed many highlights, with the Shanghai Composite Index returning to 3,600 points during the week. The current market risk appetite is high, and the capital acceptance ability is strong. The policy and liquidity environment have entered a relatively favorable stage, and the expansion of the general trend is the main theme of the market. However, as the market rises rapidly, structural risks are emerging, and there is a game between fundamental pressure and policy hedging. This week, the market is expected to continue the pattern of shock and strength. In the short term, it is recommended to pay attention to domestic policy guidance and the results of China-US trade talks [30]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Market Performance - **A-share Indexes**: On July 25, the three major A-share indexes collectively declined slightly. The Shanghai Composite Index fell 0.33% to 3,593.66 points, the Shenzhen Component Index fell 0.22% to 11,168.14 points, and the ChiNext Index fell 0.23% to 2,340.06 points. The trading volume of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets reached 178.73 billion yuan [2]. - **Bond Market**: Last week, 30-year and 10-year treasury bond futures rose, while 5-year and 2-year treasury bond futures fell. The 30-year treasury bond futures had a weekly decline of 2.14% and closed at 117.950 yuan; the 10-year treasury bond futures had a weekly decline of 0.58% and closed at 108.180 yuan; the 5-year treasury bond futures had a weekly decline of 0.41% and closed at 105.570 yuan; the 2-year treasury bond futures had a weekly decline of 0.12% and closed at 102.310 yuan [3]. - **Stock Index Futures Market**: Last week, the domestic stock index futures market showed a continuous strengthening trend. The CSI 300 futures (IF2509) closed at 4,116.0 with a weekly increase of 1.84%; the SSE 50 futures (IH2509) closed at 2,796.8 with a weekly increase of 1.08%; the CSI 500 futures (IC2509) closed at 6,216.0 with a weekly increase of 3.59%; the CSI 1000 futures (IM2509) closed at 6,605.8 with a weekly increase of 3.00% [7]. 3.2 Fundamental Analysis - **Industrial Profit**: In June, the profits of industrial enterprises above designated size decreased by 4.3% year-on-year. From January to June, the total profits of industrial enterprises above designated size reached 3.4365 trillion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 1.8%. From January to June, the profits of the ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry increased by 13.7 times year-on-year, the agricultural and sideline food processing industry increased by 22.8%, the electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry increased by 13%, and the mining industry's profits decreased by 30.3% year-on-year [8]. - **Agricultural Policy**: Ten departments including the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for Promoting Agricultural Product Consumption", aiming to optimize the supply of high-quality green products, meet multi-level consumption needs, and promote the R & D of new food ingredients [8]. - **US Economic Data and Policy**: The Federal Reserve will hold an interest rate meeting from July 29 to 30. The market generally expects the Fed to keep the interest rate in the current range of 4.25% - 4.5%. The US will release the second-quarter GDP preliminary data on July 30, with the market expecting an annualized quarterly rate of 2.5%. On August 1, the US will release the July non-farm payroll data, with the market expecting an increase of 102,000 in employment and an increase in the unemployment rate from 4.1% to 4.2% [9]. - **Central Bank Operations**: The central bank conducted 165.63 billion yuan of reverse repurchase operations, 40 billion yuan of MLF operations, and 10 billion yuan of treasury cash fixed deposit operations this week. There were 172.68 billion yuan of reverse repurchase maturities, 20 billion yuan of MLF maturities, and 12 billion yuan of treasury cash fixed deposit maturities. The net investment for the whole week was 10.95 billion yuan. Next week, there will be 165.63 billion yuan of reverse repurchase maturities [9][10]. 3.3 Valuation Analysis - **Index Valuation**: As of July 18, the PE of the CSI 300 Index was 13.59 times, with a percentile of 77.45%, and the PB was 1.43 times; the PE of the SSE 50 Index was 11.48 times, with a percentile of 85.1%, and the PB was 1.27 times; the PE of the CSI 1000 Index was 41.19 times, with a percentile of 66.27%, and the PB was 2.29 times [14]. - **Stock-Bond Yield Spread**: The stock-bond yield spread is the difference between the stock market yield and the treasury bond yield. Two formulas are provided for calculation. The data of the CSI 300 stock-bond yield spread is presented [18].

Report Summary 1. Market Performance - On July 18, 2025, China's A-share market showed a slight upward trend. The Shanghai Composite Index rose 0.50% to 3534.48 points, the Shenzhen Component Index rose 0.37% to 10913.84 points, and the ChiNext Index rose 0.34% to 2277.15 points. The trading volume of the two markets reached 1.5711 trillion yuan, an increase of 31.7 billion yuan from the previous day [3]. - Last week, the domestic stock index futures market showed a strengthening trend. The weekly increases of the main contracts of CSI 300, SSE 50, CSI 500, and CSI 1000 futures were 1.21%, 0.56%, 1.36%, and 1.48% respectively [3]. - Last week, 30-year and 10-year treasury bond futures rose, while 5-year and 2-year treasury bond futures fell [4]. 2. Fundamental Analysis - The National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference held a symposium on the analysis of the macroeconomic situation in the first half of 2025. Some members put forward suggestions on stabilizing and activating the capital market, promoting technological innovation in the private sector, and other aspects [8]. - From 2020 to 2024, China's total retail sales of consumer goods increased from 39.1 trillion yuan to 48.3 trillion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 5.5%. It is expected to exceed 50 trillion yuan this year [8]. - In the first half of this year, central state-owned enterprises achieved an added value of 5.2 trillion yuan and completed fixed - asset investment of 2 trillion yuan. In the second half of the year, they will focus on developing new - quality productive forces [8]. - From July 12 - 18, there were 97 domestic investment and financing events, a 21.25% increase from the previous week. The total disclosed financing amount was about 5.041 billion yuan, an 8.85% increase. The artificial intelligence field had the highest disclosed financing amount, about 2.486 billion yuan [9]. - Last week, the central bank conducted 1.7268 trillion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase operations, with a net investment of 1.2011 trillion yuan. This week, 1.7268 trillion yuan of reverse repurchases, 200 billion yuan of MLF, and 120 billion yuan of treasury cash fixed - deposits are due [9]. 3. Valuation Analysis - As of July 18, the PE of the CSI 300 Index was 13.32 times, with a percentile of 72.16%, and the PB was 1.40 times; the PE of the SSE 50 Index was 11.33 times, with a percentile of 82.75%, and the PB was 1.25 times; the PE of the CSI 1000 Index was 40.1 times, with a percentile of 61.96%, and the PB was 2.23 times [12]. - The report introduced two formulas for calculating the stock - bond yield spread: one is based on the reciprocal of the price - earnings ratio, and the other is based on the dividend yield [19]. 4. Comprehensive Analysis - The main contract of the CSI 300 stock index futures (IF2509) closed at 4041.80 points on July 18, with a weekly increase of 1.21%. The current low risk - free interest rate and reduced supply of high - yield risk - free assets have created favorable conditions for incremental funds to enter the market. The market is expected to continue a moderately strong trend this week, but there may be insufficient momentum for a significant upward movement in the short term. Traders are advised to control risks [28].

Group 1 - The core concept emphasizes the importance of foundational knowledge in investment and fund selection, suggesting that a solid understanding of investment basics is crucial for success [2] Group 2 - The article introduces the concept of the equity-bond yield spread, which is the difference between the expected returns of stocks and bonds, highlighting its significance in assessing investment value [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the importance of a stable valuation system for investors to navigate market fluctuations and make informed decisions, especially during periods of market uncertainty [3][4]. Group 1: Market Valuation Insights - On September 12, 2024, the overall market PB reached a historical low, indicating potential investment opportunities [6]. - The current valuation of the A-share market is at 42.36°C, which is considered a normal valuation stage, suggesting that while it is not overly expensive, the safety margin is lower than before [15][23]. - The article emphasizes that opportunities often arise during periods of extreme pessimism, as seen in past market conditions [9][10]. Group 2: Valuation Metrics - The "All Market Temperature" is calculated using a weighted average of PE and PB ratios, with the current temperature indicating a normal valuation phase [15]. - The Graham Index, which reflects the potential return of equity markets relative to risk-free rates, has been adjusted to lower its weight due to recent distortions caused by declining interest rates [16]. - The stock-bond yield spread, currently at 3.32%, indicates that the equity market's earnings yield is approximately double the risk-free rate, which has been a driving force behind recent market rallies [23]. Group 3: Investment Strategy - The article advises against excessive greed or chasing high returns, as current valuations suggest a normal range with insufficient safety margins for new investments [25]. - It highlights the importance of a valuation judgment as a foundational element for long-term investment strategies, helping investors maintain confidence during market uncertainties [26].