（来源：光明日报） "幸福升级"话题是网友的"心头好"。"十四五"以来，我国坚持在发展中保障和改善民生，推动更多 资金、资源"投资于人"，大力推进基础性、普惠性民生建设，公共服务更加均衡可及。"个人看病就医 负担不断减轻""农村娃也能上好学校""基层医疗再升级""普惠养老机构多起来"……越来越多的民生清 单变为百姓的幸福账单。 "城乡宜居宜业"话题热度居高不下，"都市圈互联互通""乡村振兴提速""县域经济崛起"等热词引发 共鸣。网友期待"都市圈资源共享，社保异地结算更顺畅"，城市"推窗可见绿，抬脚即进园"。乡村振兴 成为热议焦点，大家盼着城乡差距持续缩小，让乡村既有"乡土味"更有"现代感"，让"农村发展特色产 业，农产品卖上好价钱，年轻人返乡有奔头"。 "绿色低碳风尚"话题关注度持续攀升，"绿色消费""绿色包装""新三样""光伏发电"等热词刷屏。从 低碳出行到资源循环，广大网友积极践行环保理念的同时，更期待"绿色生产生活方式成主流，美丽中 国颜值更高、气质更佳"。 "全球链接"话题收获大量关注，"封关运作""自贸港""一带一路""跨境电商"等热词热度不减。海南 自贸港封关运作吸引不少网友关注，大家期待中国积极 ...

一、ASML的"技术围栏"：选什么，绝不选什么？ 光刻机是芯片制造的"心脏"——没有它，再精密的芯片设计也无法转化为硅片上的电路。但ASML对中 国市场的供应清单，像一道画好的技术边界：EUV极紫外光刻机完全禁售，即便是DUV深紫外光刻 机，也只开放2013-2014年的旧型号。换句话说，我们能买到的设备，距离ASML最新的四到五代先进 DUV，还差着一道看不见的"技术墙"。 这种"选择性供应"本质上是一场"技术围栏战"：把中国芯片制造圈在28nm及以上的成熟工艺领域，既 不让你触碰7nm以下的高端芯片门槛，又让你离不开他们的设备支持。毕竟，中国是全球最大的芯片消 费市场，ASML不可能放弃这块每年数百亿的"现金蛋糕"——但他们要的，是"赚安全的钱"。 二、"落后10年"的玄机：既不让你饿死，也不让你吃饱 ASML CEO口中的"微妙平衡点"，藏着最现实的算计：卖给中国的设备，必须"比中国自研的强一点"。 太落后了不行——如果中国企业发现"买的不如自己造的"，反而会全力投入研发；太先进了也不行—— 要是中国能用这些设备造出高端芯片，ASML的技术垄断就会被打破。 这让我想起上世纪90年代日本对中国的机床出口策 ...

Group 1: Market Overview - The market experienced significant gains, with the Shanghai Composite Index nearing 3500 points and over 4200 stocks rising, leading to a trading volume of 1.45 trillion, the highest in three months [2] - The rally is attributed to a combination of policy support, capital inflow, and industrial cycles [2] Group 2: Policy Developments - The Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission announced the inclusion of RMB stock trading in the Hong Kong Stock Connect, allowing southbound funds to directly purchase Hong Kong stocks in RMB, which is expected to enhance market liquidity [2] - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has shifted its policy focus in the photovoltaic sector, prohibiting low-price dumping and blind expansion, which has led to a surge in the photovoltaic sector, with leading companies like Tongwei Co. and Junda Co. seeing significant stock price increases [2] - In the semiconductor sector, the government aims for a 70% self-sufficiency rate in chip production by 2025, benefiting companies like Northern Huachuang and SMIC [2] Group 3: Capital Flows - Northbound capital saw a net inflow of 3 billion, with significant investments in new energy and AI computing sectors, particularly in core assets like CATL and Zhongke Shuguang [2] - Major funds recorded a net inflow of 15.4 billion, with over 10 billion flowing into the electronics and power equipment sectors, indicating a strong focus on technology and new energy [2] - Consumer staples, such as Kweichow Moutai, faced significant foreign selling, with a 3.2 billion sell-off, indicating a shift in capital from defensive sectors to high-growth areas [2] Group 4: Industry Insights - The photovoltaic industry is transitioning from price competition to technology competition, with leading companies collectively reducing production by 30%, resulting in a surge in polysilicon futures prices and indicating a profitability turning point [3] - Industrial Fulian is expected to see a 47% to 52% increase in net profit for Q2, driven by AI server demand, and its collaboration with Intel on liquid cooling technology positions it as a leader in the market [3] Group 5: Long-term Investment Considerations - Investors are advised to monitor the implementation of policies, particularly the support for "new productive forces" from the upcoming Politburo meeting, which may influence the sustainability of the technology sector [3] - External risks, such as the Federal Reserve's meeting and US-China tariff negotiations, are also highlighted as potential market volatility factors [3] - Focus on companies with high technological barriers and stable market shares, such as Tongwei Co. in photovoltaics, Industrial Fulian in computing, and Northern Huachuang in semiconductor equipment, is recommended for long-term growth certainty [3]

Group 1 - Taiwan's Guangzhao announced the bankruptcy of its subsidiary, Qunfeng, due to intense competition in the consumer electronics market, leading to continuous losses despite operational adjustments [4][5] - Guangzhao's main business focuses on semiconductor photomasks, accounting for 90% of its operations, primarily serving small and medium-sized IC design companies in Greater China [4] - The partnership with India's Kaynes Semicon for IC packaging cooperation has ended due to unmet commitments from Kaynes Semicon during the collaboration [6] Group 2 - The slow progress of India's semiconductor self-sufficiency initiative has been highlighted, with mixed results from various partnerships, such as Foxconn's withdrawal from a joint venture with Vedanta due to disagreements and lack of government support [8][10] - Other companies like Powerchip have cautiously engaged in projects in India, focusing on building a 12-inch wafer fab while avoiding operational involvement to mitigate risks [11] - The Indian government has sought collaboration with major Taiwanese semiconductor firms, but many have declined, indicating the high difficulty of developing the semiconductor industry in India [11]

Core Insights - Xiaomi has officially launched its self-developed 3nm chip, the玄戒O1, during its 15th anniversary event, marking a significant milestone in its technology journey [1][5][9] - The company also introduced the Xiaomi YU7, a high-performance SUV, showcasing its expansion into the automotive sector alongside its advancements in chip technology [1][3] Chip Development - The玄戒O1 chip utilizes a second-generation 3nm process, featuring a 10-core architecture and achieving a benchmark score exceeding 3 million [5][8] - Xiaomi is now the first company in mainland China and the fourth globally to design a 3nm flagship SoC, filling a gap in the domestic chip design landscape [5][8] - The development of Xiaomi's chip technology began in September 2014, with significant investments and challenges faced over the years, including the initial failure of the澎湃S1 chip [7][9] Investment and R&D - Xiaomi has committed to investing at least 500 billion yuan over 10 years in chip development, with over 135 billion yuan already spent and a team of 2,500 people dedicated to this effort [8][12] - The company aims to achieve a production scale of over 10 million units within a short timeframe to ensure profitability, as the lifecycle of large chips is relatively short [12][14] Strategic Vision - The self-developed chips are expected to enhance product cost control, improve profit margins, and create a closed-loop ecosystem integrating hardware and software [14][15] - Xiaomi's approach represents a shift from a focus on cost-effectiveness to a strategy emphasizing technological premium, positioning the company uniquely in the competitive landscape [16][23] Market Position - The launch of the玄戒O1 chip and the YU7 SUV signifies Xiaomi's ambition to compete in both the smartphone and automotive markets, areas that have seen significant growth and consumer interest [1][3][16] - Xiaomi's success in chip development is seen as a long-term strategy that could redefine its market position and technological capabilities in the coming years [23]

Group 1 - China has quietly lifted the 125% import tariffs on eight types of semiconductor products from the United States, indicating an effort to mitigate the negative impacts of trade disputes on its key technology sectors [1][3] - The tariff exemptions apply to integrated circuit products, commonly known as microchips or semiconductors, although there has been no official confirmation from the mainland government regarding this measure [1][3] - Recent reports suggest that apart from memory products, the tariffs on eight types of integrated circuits have been reduced to zero, highlighting the urgency for China to source critical products that cannot be produced domestically or procured from other regions [1][3] Group 2 - The Chinese mainland has also decided to grant tariff exemptions on certain aircraft components, including engines and landing gear, in addition to semiconductors [3] - Despite significant progress in developing its semiconductor industry, China remains highly dependent on imports of chips and related manufacturing equipment from the United States, South Korea, Japan, and the Netherlands, with imports from the U.S. valued at $11.7 billion last year [3][4] - The tariff exemptions reflect that China has not yet achieved "chip autonomy," and while the government has ambitious goals, full independence in semiconductor production will take considerable time [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights a significant breakthrough in the field of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography technology achieved by a research team led by Lin Nan from the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, which marks a milestone for China's semiconductor industry and its ability to produce advanced chips below 7nm [2][18]. Summary by Sections Breakthrough in EUV Technology - Lin Nan's team developed a solid-state laser-driven laser plasma EUV (LPP-EUV) light source with an energy conversion efficiency of 3.42%, surpassing many international research levels and breaking Western monopolies in EUV core technology [2][8]. - This achievement signifies a critical step for China's semiconductor industry, allowing for the potential production of high-end chips independently [18][23]. Importance of EUV Technology - EUV lithography is essential for manufacturing advanced chips, enabling the miniaturization of circuit patterns to the nanoscale, which enhances performance and reduces power consumption [4][18]. - Historically, EUV technology has been dominated by ASML, the only company capable of producing commercial EUV lithography machines, which has restricted China's access to advanced manufacturing capabilities [4][6]. Comparison of Technologies - ASML's EUV machines utilize a laser-driven liquid tin target technology with a low efficiency of 0.02%, while Lin Nan's team has innovated by using solid-state pulsed lasers, achieving a higher efficiency and smaller size [6][11]. - The solid-state laser technology has the potential for further efficiency improvements, with theoretical maximum efficiency projected to reach 6% [11][12]. Impact on the Semiconductor Industry - The breakthrough is expected to boost confidence in China's semiconductor sector, allowing domestic manufacturers to reduce reliance on foreign equipment and lower production costs [18][19]. - It will also stimulate the entire semiconductor supply chain, encouraging advancements in materials, chip design, and manufacturing processes, ultimately fostering innovation in emerging industries like 5G and artificial intelligence [18][19]. Challenges Ahead - Despite the significant progress, challenges remain in establishing a complete EUV ecosystem, as China still relies on imports for critical components such as optical elements, photoresists, and alignment systems [19][20][21]. - Ongoing research and development efforts are crucial to bridge the gap with international standards and achieve self-sufficiency in EUV technology [22][23].