Core Viewpoint - Trustworthy digital finance should possess characteristics such as model reliability, strong interpretability, and high security, while also clarifying the legal status, behavioral boundaries, and responsibilities of financial intelligent agents [2][12]. Group 1: Breakthroughs in AI Models - China's DeepSeek-V3 has received high praise in global AI model rankings, being compared favorably to GPT-4o, with training costs significantly lower at under $6 million compared to GPT-4o's $100 million [4]. - Innovations in algorithms, such as MLA multi-head potential attention mechanisms and MoE mixed expert architecture, are crucial for the future of AI development in China, particularly for financial institutions [4][5]. Group 2: Challenges in AI Technology - Security risks remain prominent, including unauthorized access to models, data theft, and malicious attacks that can compromise model integrity and stability [8]. - The phenomenon of "model hallucination" persists, with various models including Grok-3 and GPT-4 exhibiting certain levels of hallucination rates [9]. - Issues such as model bias, algorithmic resonance, and privacy breaches continue to pose challenges, complicating the interpretability of AI models [10]. Group 3: Digital Finance Innovation - The evolution of digital finance must balance security and efficiency, transitioning from mere usability to leading-edge capabilities [12][13]. - Trustworthiness in digital finance innovation is essential, requiring proactive measures to prevent AI pitfalls and ensure model reliability and interpretability [13]. Group 4: Pathways to Building Trustworthy Digital Finance - High reliability is critical, necessitating the implementation of advanced security measures, including firewalls and zero-trust architectures, to protect against malicious attacks [15]. - Interpretability is a key requirement, enabling the transformation of model behavior into understandable rules and utilizing visualization tools to clarify model processes [15]. - Legal frameworks must be established to define the status and responsibilities of financial intelligent agents, ensuring they operate within clear boundaries [16]. - Economic efficiency can be achieved by pre-training industry-level financial models and customizing enterprise-level applications, fostering collaboration between tech firms and financial institutions [16].

早在1 9世纪中期，法国经济学家巴斯夏提出了著名的"无效铁轨理论"：在法国和西班牙之间 课征关税，将抵消法国和西班牙之间修建铁路而降低贸易成本的利益，在本质上是毫无意义 的。 同样在1 9世纪的1 8 4 1年，德国著名思想家弗里德里希·李斯特，这位保守的德国民族主义经济 学家也认识到，无论要征收何种关税，都应当适度，不要使进口和消费因此而受限制，否 则，不但国内的生产能力将受到削弱，而且增加税收的目的也将受挫。 近两百年来，从亚当·斯密到李嘉图，从弗里德曼到克鲁格曼，几乎每一代的经济学家，无不 强调自由贸易对世界经济发展的重要性，作为经济史教授的美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特对此 自然非常清楚，然而现在世界看到的是，政治立场表态已经超越了专业与科学精神。 然而这种关税讹诈，会得逞吗？会让美国实现制造业回流吗？一国的经济发展，本质上来 说，主要依靠全要素生产率的提升。那么滥施关税，对提升全要素生产率有帮助吗？ 作 者丨 黄智文（资深财税研究学者） 编 辑丨洪晓文 今年4月份以来，美国对各国使出了极限的关税讹诈大棒。这种极限的关税讹诈必将损人害 己，这早已被理论和实证所证明。 2 0 1 6年，法国著名经济学家、哈 ...