Group 1: Industrial Profit Growth - In the first eight months of 2025, the total profit of industrial enterprises above designated size reached 46,929.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.9% [2][4] - State-owned enterprises reported a profit of 15,156.5 billion yuan, down 1.7% year-on-year, while private enterprises saw a profit increase of 3.3% to 13,076.1 billion yuan [2][4] - The manufacturing sector achieved a profit of 35,233.5 billion yuan, reflecting a growth of 7.4% [4] Group 2: R&D Investment - In 2024, China's R&D expenditure reached 36,326.8 billion yuan, an increase of 8.9% compared to the previous year [6][7] - The intensity of R&D investment, measured as a percentage of GDP, rose to 2.69%, up by 0.11 percentage points [6] - Basic research funding grew by 10.7% to 2,500.9 billion yuan, while applied research funding increased by 17.6% to 4,305.5 billion yuan [6][7] Group 3: Electricity Market Transactions - In the first eight months of 2025, the total electricity market transaction volume was 43,442 billion kWh, a year-on-year increase of 7.0% [9] - By August 2025, the electricity market transaction volume reached 6,550 billion kWh, reflecting an 11.6% increase year-on-year [9] Group 4: Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) - In September 2025, the manufacturing PMI was recorded at 49.8%, indicating a slight improvement in manufacturing sentiment [13][21] - The non-manufacturing business activity index stood at 50.0%, showing stability in the non-manufacturing sector [18][20] - The comprehensive PMI output index was 50.6%, suggesting continued expansion in production activities [21]

Report Overview - The report is a commentary on the September 2025 PMI data by the fixed - income research team, analyzing the manufacturing, non - manufacturing, and comprehensive PMI, and providing bond market views [2][4] 1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content 2. Report's Core View - In the second half of 2025, the economic growth rate may not decline significantly; structural problems such as prices are expected to improve; the allocation between stocks and bonds continues to shift, with bond yields and the stock market expected to rise [9] 3. Summary by Related Catalogs Manufacturing - The manufacturing PMI in September was 49.8%, a 0.4 - percentage - point increase from the previous month and at the highest level since April 2025, indicating continuous improvement in the manufacturing's prosperity level for two consecutive months [4] - In terms of industries, the PMI of high - tech manufacturing was 51.6%, equipment manufacturing was 51.9%, consumer goods industry was 50.6%, and basic raw materials industry was 47.5%. The consumer goods industry's PMI returned to the expansion range, and the equipment manufacturing's PMI continued to rise [5] - Among the component indices, the production index was 51.9%, a 1.1 - percentage - point increase from the previous month, remaining in the expansion range for 5 consecutive months and reaching a 6 - month high. The production and operation activity expectation index was 54.1%, a 0.4 - percentage - point increase from the previous month, rising for three consecutive months [5] - By enterprise size, the PMI of large enterprises was 51.0%, medium - sized enterprises was 48.8%, and small enterprises was 48.2%. The prosperity levels of large and small enterprises increased month - on - month, with large enterprises remaining in the expansion range for 5 consecutive months and small enterprises' PMI increasing by 1.6 percentage points [6] Non - manufacturing - The non - manufacturing PMI in September was 50.0%, a 0.3 - percentage - point decrease from the previous month, remaining at the critical point and generally stable [7] - In terms of industries, the construction industry's PMI was 49.3%, a 0.2 - percentage - point increase from the previous month, with a slight recovery in prosperity. The service industry's PMI was 50.1%, a 0.4 - percentage - point decrease from the previous month, still in the expansion range [7] - Among the main classification indices, the new order index was 46.0%, a 0.6 - percentage - point decrease from the previous month, indicating a decline in market demand. The business activity expectation index was 55.7%, still in a relatively high prosperity range [7] Comprehensive - The comprehensive PMI in September was 50.6%, a 0.1 - percentage - point increase from the previous month and a 0.2 - percentage - point increase year - on - year, remaining in the expansion range for 33 consecutive months, indicating an accelerated overall expansion of enterprise production and operation activities [8] Bond Market - In the context of economic expectation correction, bond yields are expected to rise trend - wise. The economic growth rate may not decline significantly in the second half of 2025, structural problems are expected to improve, and the allocation between stocks and bonds continues to shift, with both bond yields and the stock market expected to rise [9]

Group 1: Macro Policy and Manufacturing Sector - The macro policy is expected to be intensified and implemented, with the manufacturing PMI showing a slight recovery to 49.8% in September, up 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, indicating ongoing policy effects [2] - The production index rose to 51.9%, marking a continuous expansion for two months, while the procurement volume index increased to 51.6%, suggesting improved production activities [6] - The new orders index for manufacturing increased to 49.7%, indicating a stabilization in market demand, while the new export orders index rose to 47.8%, reflecting a narrowing decline in export demand [6][8] Group 2: Price Trends and Industry Outlook - The purchasing price index for manufacturing decreased to 53.2%, and the factory price index fell to 48.2%, indicating a mixed price trend across different industries [7] - The manufacturing production and business activity expectation index rose to 54.1%, suggesting an optimistic outlook for the fourth quarter, particularly in sectors like food processing, automotive, and aerospace [8] - The non-manufacturing business activity index remained stable at 50.0%, with the construction sector showing slight improvement, while the service sector experienced a minor decline [11][12]

Core Insights - The manufacturing PMI for September is at 49.8%, showing a 0.4 percentage point increase from the previous month, marking two consecutive months of recovery [1][7] - The non-manufacturing business activity index stands at 50.0%, a decrease of 0.3 percentage points, indicating it is at the critical point [1][7] - The composite PMI output index is at 50.6%, up by 0.1 percentage points, suggesting a slight acceleration in overall economic output [1][7] Manufacturing Sector - The production index for September is at 51.9%, rising by 1.1 percentage points, reaching a nearly six-month high, indicating active manufacturing production [2][8] - The new orders index is at 49.7%, up by 0.2 percentage points, reflecting an improvement in market demand [2][8] - The new export orders index is at 47.8%, increasing by 0.6 percentage points, but external demand remains low [2][8] - The major raw materials purchase price index is at 53.2%, down by 0.1 percentage points, while the factory price index is at 48.2%, decreasing by 0.9 percentage points, leading to a widening price scissors gap of 5 percentage points, the highest level this year [2][8] Non-Manufacturing Sector - The service industry business activity index is at 50.1%, remaining in the expansion zone [3][9] - Specific sectors such as postal, telecommunications, and financial services have business activity indices above 60.0%, indicating rapid growth [3][9] - However, sectors closely related to consumer travel, such as dining and entertainment, have dropped below the critical point due to the end of the summer effect [3][9] - The business activity expectation index is at 56.3%, consistently above 55.0% this year, indicating stable optimism among service industry enterprises [3][9] Construction Sector - The construction industry business activity index is at 49.3%, a slight increase of 0.2 percentage points, but still below the expansion threshold [3][10] - The business activity expectation index for the construction sector is at 52.4%, up by 0.7 percentage points, indicating improved confidence among construction enterprises regarding market development [3][10] Overall Economic Outlook - The September PMI data indicates a continuation of economic recovery, albeit at a weak pace, with manufacturing improving but not yet entering the expansion zone, and non-manufacturing growth momentum weakening [3][10] - The report suggests that the actual year-on-year GDP growth for the third quarter may be below 5% [1][7]

Group 1: PMI Overview - In September 2025, China's Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) was 49.8%, an increase of 0.4 percentage points from the previous month[1] - The September PMI marks a consecutive rise, indicating continued improvement in manufacturing sentiment despite pressures from "anti-involution" and "stabilizing foreign trade"[1] - The 0.4 percentage point increase in September's PMI is below the historical average seasonal increase of 0.86 percentage points since 2005, highlighting ongoing structural economic issues[1] Group 2: Factors Influencing PMI - The seasonal recovery in September was driven by two main factors: the reduction of short-term disruptions and the "catch-up production" effect before the long holiday[2] - The production index rose by 1.1 percentage points to 51.9%, indicating a positive response to increased labor demand ahead of the holiday[2] - The new export orders index increased by 0.6 percentage points to 47.8%, the highest since April, suggesting a marginal easing of export pressures[2] Group 3: Structural Economic Challenges - The new orders index only slightly increased by 0.2 percentage points to 49.7%, indicating persistent oversupply issues[3] - The disparity between the raw material purchase price index and the factory price index suggests that upstream price improvements are not effectively transmitted downstream due to insufficient demand[3] - Non-manufacturing sectors also face pressures, with construction PMI at 49.3% and services PMI at 50.1%, indicating limited recovery in these areas[3]

Core Insights - The non-manufacturing business activity index in China for September remained stable at 50%, indicating steady operational activity in the sector [1] - The financial services sector showed strong performance, with the business activity index exceeding 60%, contributing positively to the overall economic environment [1] Summary by Category Non-Manufacturing Sector Performance - The average business activity index for the non-manufacturing sector in Q3 was 50.1%, consistently above 50% across the months [1] - The service sector's business activity index averaged 50.2% in Q3, higher than the same period last year [1] - The construction sector's business activity index averaged 49.7% in Q3, lower than the previous year's average [1] Business Expectations - Non-manufacturing enterprises maintain stable optimistic expectations, with the business activity expectation index remaining above 55% for 12 consecutive months, averaging 55.9% in Q3 [1] Outlook for Q4 - The non-manufacturing sector is expected to stabilize and recover in Q4, driven by year-end and holiday effects that will boost investment and consumption [2] - A series of policy measures are anticipated to gradually take effect, improving market expectations and supporting the recovery of domestic demand [2]

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content provided Group 2: Report's Core View - In September, due to the traditional peak season, corporate production and business activities accelerated. The manufacturing PMI, non - manufacturing business activity index, and composite PMI output index were 49.8%, 50%, and 50.6% respectively, showing an overall recovery and indicating that China's economic output remained in an expansion phase. However, there were still weaknesses in investment, and consumption growth slowed down. Exports maintained resilience but might slow down in the future. Overall, demand improved, production accelerated, and prices showed different trends [2] - The demand side saw short - term acceleration in external demand and short - term recovery but still weak internal demand. In production, industrial production accelerated significantly in September and was expected to slow down but continue to grow at a relatively high rate in the fourth quarter. Prices of domestic and foreign demand - type commodities showed different trends [2] Group 3: Summary by Related Catalogs Manufacturing - In September, the manufacturing PMI was 49.8%, better than the expected 49.7% and up 0.4 percentage points from the previous month. The manufacturing market demand improved, with the new order index rising 0.2 percentage points to 49.7%. Production expanded faster, with the production index rising 1.1 percentage points to 51.9%. Both external and internal demand in foreign trade increased, with the new export order index and import index rising 0.6% and 0.1% respectively [3] - Manufacturing market prices dropped slightly. The main raw material purchase price index and the ex - factory price index decreased by 0.1 and 0.9 percentage points respectively. Industrial production accelerated, but investment demand in infrastructure and real estate was weak. Domestic "anti - involution" policies supported domestic - demand commodities, and international commodity prices rebounded [3][4] - Both the finished - product inventory and raw material inventory increased. The finished - product inventory index rose 1.4 percentage points to 48.2%, and the raw material inventory index rose 0.5 percentage points to 48.5%. Enterprises actively replenished raw material inventory and passively replenished finished - product inventory [4] Non - manufacturing - In September, the non - manufacturing business activity index was 50.0%, down 0.3 percentage points from the previous month. The service industry remained in the expansion range, with some industries in a high - level boom range and others falling below the critical point due to the end of the summer vacation effect. The construction industry's business activity index rose 0.2 percentage points to 49.3%, and its market expectation improved [5] Composite - In September, the composite PMI output index was 50.6%, up 0.1 percentage points from the previous month, indicating that the overall expansion of Chinese enterprises' production and business activities continued to accelerate [5]

Group 1: Manufacturing PMI Overview - The manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for September is 49.8%, an increase of 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, indicating continued improvement in manufacturing sentiment [1] - Large enterprises have a PMI of 51.0%, up 0.2 percentage points, indicating expansion; medium-sized enterprises have a PMI of 48.8%, down 0.1 percentage points; small enterprises have a PMI of 48.2%, up 1.6 percentage points, but still below the critical point [4] - The production index is at 51.9%, up 1.1 percentage points, indicating accelerated production expansion; the new orders index is at 49.7%, up 0.2 percentage points, suggesting improved market demand [4] Group 2: Non-Manufacturing PMI Overview - The non-manufacturing business activity index for September is 50.0%, a decrease of 0.3 percentage points, indicating overall stability in non-manufacturing business volume [7] - The construction business activity index is at 49.3%, up 0.2 percentage points; the service industry index is at 50.1%, down 0.4 percentage points, with certain sectors like postal and financial services showing strong performance [9] - The new orders index for non-manufacturing is at 46.0%, down 0.6 percentage points, indicating a decline in market demand; the input prices index is at 49.0%, down 1.3 percentage points, suggesting a decrease in input costs [14] Group 3: Employment and Expectations - The employment index for manufacturing is at 48.5%, up 0.6 percentage points, indicating improved hiring sentiment in manufacturing [5] - The employment index for non-manufacturing is at 45.0%, down 0.6 percentage points, indicating a decline in hiring sentiment; the construction sector's employment index is particularly low at 39.7% [15] - The business activity expectations index for non-manufacturing is at 55.7%, down 0.5 percentage points, but still indicates optimism among most non-manufacturing enterprises [15] Group 4: Comprehensive PMI Insights - The comprehensive PMI output index for September is 50.6%, an increase of 0.1 percentage points, indicating continued expansion in production and business activities across sectors [15]

Group 1: Manufacturing PMI Overview - In September, the Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) was 49.8%, an increase of 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, indicating continued improvement in manufacturing sentiment [1] - Large enterprises had a PMI of 51.0%, up 0.2 percentage points, while medium-sized enterprises' PMI was 48.8%, down 0.1 percentage points, and small enterprises' PMI was 48.2%, up 1.6 percentage points [1] - The production index was 51.9%, an increase of 1.1 percentage points, indicating accelerated production expansion in the manufacturing sector [1][2] Group 2: Non-Manufacturing PMI Overview - In September, the Non-Manufacturing Business Activity Index was 50.0%, a decrease of 0.3 percentage points, indicating overall stability in non-manufacturing business volume [3] - The construction industry Business Activity Index was 49.3%, up 0.2 percentage points, while the service industry index was 50.1%, down 0.4 percentage points [3] - The new orders index was 46.0%, down 0.6 percentage points, indicating a decline in market demand in the non-manufacturing sector [3][4] Group 3: Price Indices in Non-Manufacturing - The input price index was 49.0%, down 1.3 percentage points, indicating a decrease in the overall price level of inputs for non-manufacturing enterprises [3][4] - The sales price index was 47.3%, down 1.3 percentage points, indicating a continued decline in the overall sales price level in the non-manufacturing sector [4] Group 4: Employment and Expectations in Non-Manufacturing - The employment index was 45.0%, down 0.6 percentage points, indicating a decline in employment sentiment in the non-manufacturing sector [4] - The business activity expectations index was 55.7%, down 0.5 percentage points, but still indicates optimism among most non-manufacturing enterprises regarding market development [4] Group 5: Comprehensive PMI Output Index - In September, the Comprehensive PMI Output Index was 50.6%, an increase of 0.1 percentage points, indicating that production and operational activities of enterprises continued to expand [6]

Group 1: Manufacturing PMI Overview - In September, the Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) was 49.8%, an increase of 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, indicating continued improvement in manufacturing sentiment [1]. - By enterprise size, large enterprises had a PMI of 51.0% (up 0.2 percentage points), medium enterprises at 48.8% (down 0.1 percentage points), and small enterprises at 48.2% (up 1.6 percentage points) [3]. - Among the five sub-indices of the manufacturing PMI, the production index and supplier delivery time index were above the critical point, while the new orders index, raw material inventory index, and employment index were below the critical point [3]. Group 2: Key Sub-Indices of Manufacturing PMI - The production index was 51.9%, up 1.1 percentage points, indicating accelerated production expansion in the manufacturing sector [4]. - The new orders index was 49.7%, up 0.2 percentage points, suggesting a continued improvement in market demand [5]. - The raw materials inventory index was 48.5%, up 0.5 percentage points, indicating a narrowing decline in the inventory of major raw materials [6]. - The employment index was 48.5%, up 0.6 percentage points, reflecting an improvement in employment sentiment within manufacturing [6]. - The supplier delivery time index was 50.8%, up 0.3 percentage points, indicating a continued acceleration in the delivery times from suppliers [6]. Group 3: Non-Manufacturing PMI Overview - In September, the Non-Manufacturing Business Activity Index was 50.0%, a decrease of 0.3 percentage points, indicating overall stability in non-manufacturing business volume [10]. - By industry, the construction business activity index was 49.3% (up 0.2 percentage points), while the service industry index was 50.1% (down 0.4 percentage points) [11]. Group 4: Non-Manufacturing Sub-Indices - The new orders index for non-manufacturing was 46.0%, down 0.6 percentage points, indicating a decline in market demand [15]. - The input price index was 49.0%, down 1.3 percentage points, suggesting a decrease in the overall level of input prices for non-manufacturing enterprises [15]. - The sales price index was 47.3%, down 1.3 percentage points, indicating a continued decline in the overall level of sales prices in non-manufacturing [15]. - The employment index was 45.0%, down 0.6 percentage points, reflecting a decline in employment sentiment in the non-manufacturing sector [15]. Group 5: Composite PMI Overview - In September, the Composite PMI Output Index was 50.6%, an increase of 0.1 percentage points, indicating that production and business activities in China continued to expand [21].