Summary of Conference Call for Zhongheng Electric Industry and Company Overview - The conference call focuses on Zhongheng Electric, a company specializing in HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) technology and power electronics, particularly in the context of data centers and cloud computing [2][3][5]. Key Points and Arguments HVDC Technology and Market Position - Zhongheng Electric has a significant advantage in the HVDC sector, especially in replacing UPS systems, with promising prospects for its 800V products due to increasing power supply requirements [2][5]. - The penetration rate of the 240V HVDC products has increased significantly, with major clients like Alibaba, Tencent, and ByteDance validating the technology [2][5]. - The company is expected to achieve revenues of 200 million in 2025, maintaining a PE ratio of around 40 times, driven by strong market expectations for HRDC (High Reliability Direct Current) growth [2][9]. Cloud Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) Recovery - The anticipated recovery of cloud CAPEX is favorable for Zhongheng, with Alibaba's capital expenditure expected to exceed 100 billion this year, leading to significant orders for B30 and B40 products [2][8]. - The company is positioned to benefit from large-scale procurement as major clients restore their KPIs, with expectations of high order and revenue growth in the data center business [11][12]. Software and Digitalization - Zhongheng Electric has been developing its software capabilities since 2015, focusing on digitalization and cloud platform solutions, which, while not rapidly growing, enhance the company's overall software capabilities [3][6]. Competitive Landscape and Innovation - The company has a strong patent portfolio and is a key player in establishing HVDC standards in China, providing it with a competitive edge [3][15][21]. - Zhongheng's product range covers various sectors, including energy storage and smart grid solutions, leveraging its expertise in power electronics and digital energy platforms [15][16]. Financial Performance and Projections - The company reported a doubling of order revenue in Q1, although Q2 may show some pressure due to high non-financial income in the previous year [10]. - The overall revenue growth is projected to exceed 30-35% over the next few years, with expectations of reaching 500 million by the third year [27]. Customer Base and Market Trends - The demand for data centers is expanding, particularly among internet companies, with Zhongheng being a core beneficiary due to its partnerships with major clients like Alibaba, Tencent, and ByteDance [19]. - The company is also well-positioned to meet the increasing demand from telecom operators and financial institutions for data center solutions [19]. Management and Corporate Structure - The company has a stable ownership structure, with significant shares held by the controlling shareholder and their spouse, while new management focuses on expanding overseas markets [14]. - The establishment of a subsidiary in Singapore is crucial for expanding into Southeast Asia and global markets [14][22]. Challenges and Risks - Despite the positive outlook, there are concerns regarding potential price reductions in large-scale procurement, which could impact margins [12]. - The company faces geopolitical risks and tariff disruptions in overseas markets, although its domestic production mitigates these impacts [22][23]. Additional Important Insights - Zhongheng Electric's strong relationships with major clients and its ability to provide customized solutions enhance its market position and customer loyalty [21]. - The company is actively expanding its presence in the digital grid sector, providing software services for power grid companies and generation groups [24]. - The communication power supply segment remains a core product area, with ongoing demand from both domestic and international markets, particularly in the context of 5G infrastructure [25][26].

Summary of the Conference Call for YingShi Innovation Company Overview - YingShi Innovation has achieved a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 60% in revenue over the past three years, with approximately 70% of its revenue coming from overseas markets [2][3] - The company holds a leading market share of about 60% in the panoramic camera segment [2][3] - The global action camera market is valued at approximately 400 billion RMB, growing at an annual rate of about 10%, with faster growth in the Chinese market compared to Europe and the US [2][3] Competitive Landscape - The global action camera market is dominated by three major players: DJI, GoPro, and YingShi, which collectively hold about 20% of the market share [2][4] - The market for panoramic cameras is expected to reach 7.8 billion RMB by 2027, with a growth rate of 12% [4][10] - The company aims to compete with DJI and surpass GoPro, indicating a shift in the competitive landscape [2][5] Financial Performance - The company reported a return on equity (ROE) exceeding 30% and a gross margin above 50% [2][6] - Free cash flow remains in the range of hundreds of millions to billions of RMB, with minimal interest-bearing debt, indicating strong financial health [2][6] - In Q1 2025, revenue was 1.4 billion RMB, a year-on-year increase of 41%, while net profit was 180 million RMB, a decrease of 2.5% due to increased R&D and sales expenses [2][7] Legal and Regulatory Challenges - The company is actively addressing the 337 investigation and litigation in the California Central District Court, with preliminary results indicating limited impact [2][8][9] Product and Technology Innovations - YingShi has made significant advancements in product development, including panoramic image capture, stabilization technology, and AI image processing [2][14] - The company plans to launch the Insta 360 cloud service in 2025, enhancing user experience with cloud storage, sharing, and editing capabilities [2][14] Sales and Distribution Strategy - Approximately 75% of the company's sales are from international markets, primarily in developed countries [2][15] - The company has a strong offline presence with over 10,000 retail stores and partnerships with major retailers like Apple Store and Best Buy [2][15] Future Outlook - Revenue projections for 2025 to 2027 are estimated at 8.1 billion, 11.2 billion, and 14.5 billion RMB, respectively, with net profits of 1.2 billion, 1.7 billion, and 2.3 billion RMB [2][16] - The company is expected to achieve a market capitalization exceeding 80 to 100 billion RMB within two years, driven by new product launches and market share growth [2][16]

Summary of China Energy Construction Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: China Energy Construction (中国能建) - **Industry**: Hydropower and Energy Construction Key Points Industry Position and Projects - China Energy Construction holds a dominant position in the hydropower construction sector, having developed over 40% of domestic hydropower construction standards and completed major projects like the Three Gorges and Baihetan dams [2][3] - The Yajiang project, with a total investment of 1.2 trillion yuan, aims to enhance domestic hydropower capacity and support the clean energy share to exceed 50%, facilitating the dual carbon goals [2][4] Financial Performance - In 2024, the company achieved new contract amounts of 1.4 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.75%, with operating revenue of 436.7 billion yuan, up 7.56%, and net profit of 8.4 billion yuan, reflecting a 5% growth [2][10] - The company’s fundamentals have shifted towards the energy and power sector, indicating a strategic focus on this area [10][11] Strategic Development and Transformation - China Energy Construction is actively participating in renewable energy projects, including wind, hydrogen, and seawater desalination, while also expanding its information technology business to adapt to future market demands [2][5] - The company plans to enhance its technological and strategic capabilities through a non-public offering approved by the CSRC, expected to be completed in 2025 [3][34] Competitive Advantages - The company possesses comprehensive capabilities in the entire hydropower construction process, including large-scale dam construction and underground engineering, which are critical for the Yajiang project [3][8] - China Energy Construction has a strong track record in high-tech projects, which positions it well to meet the challenges of the Yajiang project [3][4] Future Outlook - The company is focusing on the energy and power sector as its core business, with a commitment to ensuring national energy security and high-quality project execution [11][12] - The construction of the Yajiang hydropower station is expected to create significant opportunities for electricity export and related business ventures [26] Challenges and Market Dynamics - The construction sector faces challenges, but China Energy Construction has maintained strong performance, particularly in overseas contracts and profit growth [12][14] - The company is leveraging its strengths in high-end integrated marketing and regional development strategies to secure new projects [15] Innovation and Technology - Significant investments in R&D, with 14.1 billion yuan allocated in 2024, have led to numerous patents and technological advancements, supporting the company's growth in new energy and digital transformation [17][18] Investor Relations and Returns - The company plans to increase its dividend payout ratio from 14% to 20% in 2024, reflecting a commitment to enhancing shareholder returns [30][31] - The non-public offering is expected to provide additional funding to accelerate growth and improve asset returns, aligning with national energy security goals [34] Conclusion - China Energy Construction is strategically positioned to capitalize on the growing demand for clean energy and infrastructure development, with a robust pipeline of projects and a clear focus on innovation and investor returns. The Yajiang project represents a significant opportunity for the company to further solidify its leadership in the hydropower sector [2][4][26]

Summary of the Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: Chutianlong - **Industry**: Technology, Digital Currency, Telecommunications Key Points and Arguments Industry Performance and Outlook - The technology sector has shown better performance, sentiment, and order conditions compared to other industries, with a prediction that the large technology style will dominate the A-share market over the next three years [2][4] - Communication, computer, and media sectors are currently undervalued, with companies like ZTE, Xunxin, and Luxshare Precision having low price-to-earnings ratios around ten times [3][4] - AI technology is driving significant changes in the industry, with major figures like Bill Gates, Zuckerberg, and Musk recognizing its importance [3] Digital Currency Trends - The development of digital currencies is positive, with a global rise in stablecoins, including new legislation in the US and extensive promotion in Hong Kong [2][6] - Chutianlong is a leading company in the domestic digital currency sector, ranking first in traditional card business and participating in the formulation of national core standards [2][6] Financial Performance - Chutianlong expects a net loss of 35 to 40 million yuan in the first half of 2025, attributed to weak market demand, declining product bidding prices, slow payment from government clients, and increased R&D investment [2][7] - The company aims to improve internal efficiency and accelerate accounts receivable collection to achieve a turnaround by year-end [7] Business Segments - The most promising segments for profitability in the second half of 2025 are social security and telecommunications, with a leading market share in social security and expectations for growth in super SIM cards and IoT cards [8][9] - The company is increasing R&D investment in digital currency applications and AI certification [8][16] Stablecoin and RMB Internationalization - Chutianlong views the promotion of the digital RMB as crucial for the internationalization of the RMB, with stablecoin strategies centered around the RMB [10][15] - The company is actively involved in the development of digital currency operational institutions and systems, with ongoing projects in cross-border trade and settlement systems [12][14] Market Challenges and Strategies - The company faces challenges from slow account receivable recovery and increased competition in overseas markets, leading to a strategic focus on established products for international expansion [17][19] - Chutianlong is exploring partnerships with major companies for stablecoin development and cross-border applications, indicating a proactive approach to market opportunities [18][23] Future Outlook - Despite short-term performance pressures, the company expresses confidence in long-term growth, supported by increased business activities and strategic partnerships [24] - The company is optimistic about the future of stablecoins and their integration with digital RMB, highlighting the potential for innovative financial transactions [11][18] Additional Important Content - AI applications are beginning to show significant value, with developments in smart governance and potential for future growth in various sectors [21] - The company is exploring BIM (Building Information Modeling) and its integration with SIM cards and blockchain technology, indicating a focus on innovative solutions [22]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call of Jieya Co., Ltd. Company Overview - Jieya Co., Ltd. is benefiting from Kimberly-Clark's strategic adjustments in the European market, with expected new orders in 2025 bringing nearly 200 million RMB in sales [2][6] - The company is actively expanding its business in Australia, New Zealand, Southeast Asia, and Latin America, indicating significant growth in international markets [2] Core Business Developments - Jieya has secured a project with Procter & Gamble in the Canadian market, with an expected annual sales of approximately 30 million RMB, potentially increasing to nearly 100 million RMB [2][8] - The new factory in North Carolina, USA, originally planned to start production in 2025, has been delayed to Q1 2026 due to approval and client review factors, with a designed capacity of 100 million USD [2][11] - In the first half of 2025, Jieya's revenue growth is expected to be around 10%, with better profit growth anticipated, and a faster growth rate expected in the second half of the year [2][15] Client and Market Structure - Jieya primarily serves major international brands such as Johnson & Johnson, Kimberly-Clark, Procter & Gamble, L'Oréal, and Australia's largest supermarket chain, Woolworths [4] - The company's business structure is heavily focused on wet wipes, which constitute the majority of its offerings, while cosmetics account for about 10% of overall business [4] Financial Performance and Projections - In Q1 2025, Jieya reported a slight decline in performance, but a recovery is expected in Q2 due to new orders, with overall performance showing improvement [3][15] - The company has a strong financial reserve of approximately 1.3 billion RMB, sufficient to support business expansion [5][30] Strategic Partnerships and Market Trends - The strategic shift by Kimberly-Clark to outsource production has created opportunities for Jieya, with a significant increase in orders expected [7] - The wet wipes industry is facing increased competition from new entrants, but major players like Jieya focus on their market shares without significant conflict [17] Future Growth and Investment Plans - Jieya aims to explore international market opportunities and product categories as key growth drivers, with plans to maintain stable growth in core business areas [13][14] - The company is considering investments and acquisitions to seek business growth, particularly targeting brand collaborations [24] Challenges and Risks - The company faces challenges in the cosmetics sector due to reduced orders from L'Oréal, but it plans to continue serving L'Oréal while expanding domestic client relationships [5][23] - There are uncertainties regarding the production timeline of the new factory in the USA, which could impact future revenue [11][20] Export and Domestic Sales Dynamics - Jieya's export ratio is expected to increase from 50% in 2024 to 70% in 2025, while domestic sales are projected to decrease to 30% [27] Profitability Outlook - The gross margin is projected to improve as international business grows, with current margins around 20%-25% for international operations and about 10% for domestic [28] Conclusion - Jieya Co., Ltd. is positioned for growth through strategic partnerships, international market expansion, and a focus on core competencies in wet wipes, while navigating challenges in the cosmetics sector and maintaining a strong financial foundation [31]

Summary of SAIC Motor Corporation Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: SAIC Motor Corporation - **Date**: July 20, 2025 Key Points Industry and Market Dynamics - SAIC Motor is actively responding to EU tariff policies by adjusting the energy structure of export models, increasing the proportion of HEV and PHEV models, significantly reducing tariff impacts [2][7] - In the first five months of 2025, HEV models accounted for 41% of exports to the EU, while EV models dropped to 14% [2][3] - The overall market performance for SAIC Motor is stable, with an expected profit of 10 to 12 billion yuan for the main business in 2025 [3][12] Financial Performance - The company has integrated various departments such as Roewe and MG to avoid internal duplication of investments, effectively reducing losses in the independent brand sector and improving operational efficiency [2][9] - The joint venture brands, including Volkswagen and General Motors, are experiencing less pressure, with retail market share rising to 14% in June, an increase of approximately 2 percentage points from last year [2][5] Product Development and Strategy - Volkswagen and General Motors are actively transforming by launching new models tailored to the Chinese market, with Volkswagen focusing on Audi models like A5L and E5 Sportback [2][10] - SAIC's new brand, "Shangjie," has launched its first model H5, which is expected to achieve sales of 300,000 to 500,000 units by 2026 [4][13] Collaboration and Future Outlook - The collaboration with Huawei is generating high market expectations, with potential long-term brand value estimated between 100 billion to 200 billion yuan for Huawei's business and 150 billion to 200 billion yuan for SAIC's non-Huawei business [2][6] - Overall market capitalization is expected to have strong support at 300 billion yuan, potentially reaching 400 billion yuan [6] Challenges and Adjustments - The company anticipates a decline in exports from 700,000 units in 2023 to 550,000 units in 2024 due to EU tariff adjustments [3][12] - The independent brand sector is expected to see significant reductions in losses due to export growth and internal restructuring [4][12] Future Product Plans - In 2026, Volkswagen plans to launch over 10 new and updated models in China, including at least two B-class SUVs and one A-class PHEV [11] - General Motors is expected to introduce around four new models, with a focus on meeting local customer demands [11] Overall Outlook - The overall outlook for SAIC Motor is positive, with expectations of stable profits and a significant increase in new product launches in the coming years [14][15]

Summary of Conference Call Records Companies and Industry Involved - Companies: 新大陆 (Newland), 新国都 (Newland), 拉卡拉 (Lakara) - Industry: AI applications in payment and marketing sectors Key Points and Arguments AI Business Developments - 新大陆 has integrated major AI models such as Deepseek, 科大讯飞, and 阿里通义千问 through API, developing AI marketing assistants like 新易付 and 会来电 to reduce marketing costs and improve service efficiency [1][2][3] - 新大陆's AI algorithm business revenue approached 10 million yuan in the first half of 2024, with significant advancements in hardware for complex QR code scanning [1][5] - 新国都 launched AIGC products in the consumer sector, achieving nearly 100 million yuan in profits, and provides value-added services to merchants in the business sector [1][4][6] - 拉卡拉 has adopted an "AI first" strategy, replacing 70% of human customer service with AI agents, handling approximately 8 million customer service calls annually [2][8] Financial Performance and Investments - 新国都 holds a 35% stake in an overseas AIGC company, generating annual revenues of about 150 million yuan and profits of 100 million yuan, confirming investment income of 35 to 40 million yuan each year [6] - 拉卡拉 has signed contracts with over 50 institutions, including banks, for its AI solutions, enhancing transaction security and efficiency [2][8] Future Prospects - The three companies are expected to benefit from the increasing penetration of AI applications, which will likely enhance revenue and profit margins while improving merchant loyalty through value-added services [2][9] - 新国都's domestic subsidiary, 十二区, focuses on AI digital employee products, with a promising outlook for revenue and profit as it has secured million-level orders [6] Additional Insights - AI technology is being applied in decoding and chip production, with significant progress in QR code recognition chips, contributing to independent revenue streams [5] - The overall strategy of these companies emphasizes both software and hardware advancements in AI, leading to improved operational efficiency and cost reduction [2][9] Other Important but Overlooked Content - The integration of AI in payment processes is not only enhancing efficiency but also ensuring compliance and risk management through automated systems [2][4][8] - The competitive landscape in the AI payment sector is evolving, with these companies positioning themselves as key players through innovative solutions and strategic investments [4][9]

Summary of Conference Call on Quartz Fiber Electronic Fabric and Philihua Investment Value Analysis Industry Overview - The high-end PCB market is expected to benefit from the growth in server storage demand, with a projected market value of $10.9 billion in 2024, representing a 33% year-on-year increase, and a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12% over the next five years, driven primarily by strong demand from the AI computing sector for high-end copper-clad laminates and PCBs [1][3][4]. Company Insights: Philihua - Philihua is one of the few manufacturers globally capable of mass-producing quartz fiber, possessing an integrated supply chain from quartz materials to finished products. The acquisition of Zhongyi New Materials has strengthened its competitiveness in the electronic fabric sector, leading to explosive growth in its business [1][5]. - The company has significant growth potential in the electronic fabric business, with projected revenues of 200-300 million yuan in 2026, and the potential to reach a scale of 700-1,000 million yuan in the coming years, possibly achieving a market value of 20 billion yuan [3][25]. Product Advantages - Quartz fiber electronic fabric exhibits significant advantages over traditional glass fiber fabric, particularly in dielectric constant (approximately 3.78) and dielectric loss (theoretically up to 1/10,000), making it more suitable for high-speed data transmission, especially in 224G high-speed interconnect applications [1][2][8][12]. - The high-end copper-clad laminate market is projected to grow from over $4 billion in 2024 to nearly $7 billion by 2029, with an annual increment of about $3 billion. If fully covered by quartz fiber electronic fabric, this would create an additional market space of approximately $1 billion (around 10 billion yuan) each year [1][14]. Market Dynamics - The special electronic fabric market is highly competitive, with Philihua's subsidiary Zhongyi New Materials having a full order book and actively expanding production since launching its quartz fiber electronic fabric project in 2017 [1][16][17]. - The global top ten copper-clad laminate manufacturers hold a high market concentration, accounting for about 75% of global sales. The market for AI server copper-clad laminates is primarily dominated by Taiwanese companies, which have been conservative in their expansion plans, leading to a persistent supply-demand imbalance in high-end copper-clad laminates [15]. Future Outlook - The demand for high-end PCBs is expected to enter a new growth cycle from 2024 to 2029, driven by high-end requirements such as high multilayer boards, HDI, and packaging substrates [13]. - Philihua's traditional semiconductor and aerospace businesses are expected to maintain steady growth, with aerospace demand anticipated to recover strongly in 2026 [3][19][24]. - The company’s new electronic fabric business is projected to achieve significant revenue growth, potentially reaching 700-1,000 million yuan in the next few years, with a market valuation of 20 billion yuan being a reasonable expectation [25][26]. Investment Considerations - Philihua's overall investment strategy indicates a strong outlook for its electronic fabric segment, with the potential for substantial market share and revenue growth in the quartz fiber sector, supported by its leading position in the domestic and global markets [27].

Summary of Conference Call Notes Industry Overview - The automotive industry experienced a price stabilization starting July 1, with major market leaders reducing end-user discounts, which is expected to stimulate consumer demand for vehicles, similar to the market response following last year's discount strategies [2][3] - New models from brands such as Xiaomi, Leapmotor, and Li Auto are anticipated to launch between July and September, likely driving total sales significantly [2][4] Company Focus: Hu Guang Co., Ltd. - Hu Guang Co. benefited from the delivery of the Wanjie M8, achieving 35,000 units, resulting in a performance inflection point with revenue and profit margins increasing over 70% quarter-on-quarter [2][7] - The company expects a fundamental turnaround in the second half of the year, particularly in Q4 [2][7] New Client Acquisition - New clients for Hu Guang in the second half include SAIC Huawei, Geely Zeekr, and NIO's Leda, with Leda's L90 model already receiving approximately 50,000 orders, contributing about 5,000 yuan per vehicle in value, which will significantly boost revenue [2][8] - The first model from SAIC Huawei is expected to launch in September with a target production of 70,000 units this year, representing another important revenue project for Hu Guang [8][12] Financial Projections - Hu Guang's full-year performance for 2025 is conservatively estimated between 750 million to 800 million yuan, with Q2 marking a profitability inflection point and Q4 expected to set historical highs [5][13] - The current valuation is approximately 15 times earnings, indicating a sufficient margin of safety [5][13] Robotics Sector Insights - In the robotics sector, while no major catalytic events are expected in the second half, individual product advancements and the recovery of leading enterprises in the supply chain are anticipated to create a series of catalysts in Q3 and Q4 [9][10] Investment Recommendations - Investors are advised to focus on new models with strong month-on-month sales trends, particularly those from Xiaomi, Leapmotor, and Li Auto, as well as key players in the robotics sector like Fuda and Haoneng [11] - Companies with low valuations and high certainty, such as Hu Guang, should also be prioritized, along with potential in the seating sector from companies like Jifeng and Yanpu [11] Strategic Directions - Beyond automotive wiring harnesses, Hu Guang has made significant progress in the robotics field, including project development and customer sampling, with plans to extend wiring products into drones and lawnmowers for rapid platform expansion [14] - In the face of increasing competition in the automotive sector, Hu Guang aims to leverage its scale advantages and quality customer structure to navigate through the cycle effectively [15]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The humanoid robot industry is experiencing significant growth with many large companies entering the market, including traditional automotive parts manufacturers, smartphone companies, and internet firms, which accelerates industry development and exploration of practical applications [1][8][10]. Company-Specific Insights Tesla - Tesla is considering replacing its harmonic gear reducer due to wear issues under high-intensity use, which may delay the launch of its third-generation robot by 4-6 months, now expected in Q3 or Q4 of this year [1][2][5]. - The company is making hardware adjustments to improve the robot's durability and impact resistance, indicating that the original design's stability was insufficient for long-term use [2][14]. - New gear structures, such as cycloidal pinwheel gears, are being tested, but their maturity and reliability still need validation [13][22]. Yush Robot - Yush Robot is a leading player in the domestic robot industry, with high product maturity and strong after-sales service, nearing commercialization through software development partnerships [3][7]. Zhiyuan Company - Zhiyuan recently acquired a listed company but has not yet triggered a backdoor listing concept. Their recent demonstration of a robot using a wheeled chassis and dual-arm structure was deemed technically unremarkable [4][6]. Technological Developments - The core technologies in humanoid robots are focused on VRA operation, VRA post-training, and reinforcement learning, aiming to enhance the success rate of operations for commercial applications [1][11]. - The dexterous hand market is experiencing differentiation, with some companies seeing reduced orders due to ineffective grasping algorithms, leading many to switch to specialized grippers [12][25][26]. Market Trends - The component maturity has significantly improved, especially in joint parts like harmonic gear reducers, but new designs still require extensive testing [13][22]. - The entry of large companies into the humanoid robot sector is accelerating development, enhancing supply chain management and ecosystem building [10]. Challenges and Future Outlook - General-purpose robots face challenges in achieving intelligent capabilities, with expectations that it may take several years before they can enter the household market [32][33]. - Transitionary robotic solutions, such as wheeled mobility and specialized grippers, are seen as more feasible in the near term compared to fully humanoid robots [34]. Additional Insights - The industry is witnessing a split in the performance of dexterous hand manufacturers, with some companies thriving while others struggle due to a lack of effective grasping algorithms [12][25][26]. - Data collection for dexterous hands is challenging due to high precision requirements and immature data collection methods, leading to reliance on virtual simulation environments [28]. This summary encapsulates the key points discussed in the conference call, highlighting the current state and future direction of the humanoid robot industry and specific companies involved.