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机器人板块调整,如何看待投资机会
2025-11-05 01:29
Summary of Key Points from Conference Call Industry Overview - The humanoid robot sector is experiencing volatility due to the delayed release of Tesla's humanoid robot and uncertainties surrounding the shareholder meeting's compensation plan vote. The market has partially absorbed pessimistic expectations, and if the compensation plan is not approved, it may present a buying opportunity. Conversely, approval would indicate Tesla's future market value target and delivery volume for humanoid robots [1][4]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Short-term Outlook**: The focus is on domestic supply chains and T-chain resonance opportunities, with new product launches from companies like Yushu and Leju, as well as Xiaopeng's technology day. The T-chain has restarted supply chain procurement, with expectations for a concentrated release of new supplier information from Q4 to Q1 next year [1][5]. - **Long-term Outlook**: The strategic importance of humanoid robots is expected to increase amid the US-China tech rivalry, enhancing the sector's valuation. The anticipated mass production and listing of domestic giants like Yushu and Zhiyuan in 2025 are expected to drive stock prices to new highs [5][18]. Investment Opportunities - **Core Asset Allocation**: There are opportunities to increase holdings in core assets that have seen price declines, as well as new suppliers showing marginal changes. Notable companies include: - **Zhejiang Rongtai**: Established position in micro-screw technology for dexterous hands [6][7]. - **Donghua Testing**: Leading in signal processing sensors, particularly in force sensors [7]. - **Lixing Co.**: Innovating with ceramic balls to replace steel balls in ball screw applications [7]. - **Buke Co.**: Reporting an 84% year-on-year increase in robot revenue [7]. - **Potential Companies**: - **Keda Li**: Collaborating on cycloidal gear reducers, with significant growth potential if humanoid robots progress [8]. - **Dechang Electric**: A leading micro-motor manufacturer with a low valuation [8]. Market Trends - The domestic humanoid robot market is expected to see significant orders by 2025, with companies like UBTECH and Zhiyuan leading the way. The market is innovating rapidly, attracting overseas manufacturers [3][8]. - Xiaopeng is set to showcase an upgraded AI humanoid robot, enhancing both software and hardware capabilities [11]. - Leju is on track to become the second humanoid robot company to pursue an IPO, emphasizing its importance in the industry [12][13]. Other Important Insights - The upcoming Tesla shareholder meeting is critical, with market expectations already reflecting some pessimism. The outcome could significantly impact investment sentiment in the sector [4]. - The financing landscape for humanoid robots is expanding, with increasing quarterly financing activities, indicating growing investor interest [10]. - The competitive landscape is evolving, with companies like Zhiyuan entering new segments like quadruped robots, indicating diversification within the sector [17]. This summary encapsulates the key points from the conference call, highlighting the current state and future outlook of the humanoid robot industry, along with specific investment opportunities and market trends.
山东路桥20251104
2025-11-05 01:29
Summary of Shandong Road and Bridge's Conference Call Company Overview - Shandong Road and Bridge is a comprehensive enterprise with qualifications in highway engineering and municipal engineering construction and design, holding top-level construction qualifications [3][4] - The company has a strong bidding and project undertaking capability, covering the entire industry chain including research, design, construction, maintenance, and investment [3] Financial Performance - For the first three quarters of 2025, Shandong Road and Bridge reported revenue of 41.354 billion RMB, a year-on-year decrease of 3.11% [2][5] - Net profit was 1.729 billion RMB, down 3.52% year-on-year, while net profit attributable to shareholders was 1.410 billion RMB, a decrease of 3.27% [2][5] - Operating cash flow was negative at 1.389 billion RMB, but showed a year-on-year increase of 76.98% [2][5] - Total assets reached 173.929 billion RMB, up 6.47% from the beginning of the year, while liabilities increased by 3.67% to 132.676 billion RMB [5] Order Situation - The company secured new contracts worth 65.6 billion RMB in the first three quarters, with the highest proportion in housing construction [2][6] - The order structure includes municipal engineering, maintenance, and industrial park projects, with a significant increase in municipal engineering and industrial park business [6][7] - Domestic contracts accounted for 35.93% from outside Shandong, 42.42% from within Shandong, and approximately 21% from overseas [6] Market Dynamics - The third quarter saw accelerated performance decline due to increased industry pressure, cyclical factors causing delayed payments, and unmet expectations for new project progress [11][12] - The company is optimistic about future growth, particularly in the context of the upcoming "15th Five-Year Plan," which emphasizes infrastructure and renewable energy [10] Strategic Focus - The company prioritizes projects based on the creditworthiness and cash flow of owners, focusing on regions with good fiscal health [4][14] - Plans to increase dividend payouts to enhance company valuation and encourage conversion of convertible bonds [4][20] - The target is to ensure a price-to-book ratio (PB) greater than 1 in the long term [23] Overseas Expansion - Shandong Road and Bridge has seen significant growth in overseas orders, with a focus on markets in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia [24][25] - The company has successfully entered the Eastern European market through acquisitions and has ongoing projects in various regions [24][25] - The profitability and cash flow of overseas projects vary by project type, with aid projects providing stable cash flow despite lower profits [26] Conclusion - Shandong Road and Bridge is navigating a challenging domestic market while strategically expanding its overseas presence and focusing on improving financial health and project management practices [2][24][25]
泛亚微透20251104
2025-11-05 01:29
Summary of Pan-Asia Micro透 Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: Pan-Asia Micro透 - **Industry**: Advanced materials and components, focusing on automotive and flexible circuit boards Key Financial Metrics - **Revenue**: - Micro透 products revenue: 127 million CNY, gross margin: 77%, YoY growth: 23.4% [2][3] - CMD and gas management business revenue: 1.105 billion CNY, gross margin: over 60%, YoY growth: 6.68% [2] - Aerogel business revenue: 54.4 million CNY, YoY growth: 25.8% [2] - Wiring harness and cable business revenue: 75.802 million CNY, growth rate over 2000% [2] - **Net Profit**: - For the first three quarters of 2025: 90 million CNY, YoY growth: 36.17% [3] Business Segments Performance - **Core Business Segments**: - Micro透 products: 127 million CNY revenue, gross margin: 77% [3] - CMD and gas management: 1.105 billion CNY revenue, gross margin: over 60% [7] - Aerogel: 54.4 million CNY revenue, slight decline in gross margin [7] - Wiring harness and cable: 75.802 million CNY revenue, significant growth due to high-margin aerospace cables [7] Strategic Developments - **R&D Investment**: - R&D expenditure accounts for approximately 5%-6% of revenue, increased due to platform characteristics and cross-industry projects [9] - Employee count increased from over 300 to around 700, significantly raising management costs [9] - **Future Revenue Projections**: - Expected revenue for 2026: over 1.2 billion CNY, driven by R&D and increased expenses [9] New Business Initiatives - **CMD Expansion**: - CMD production capacity currently at 20 million units, expected to reach 50 million units [16] - Anticipated orders for CMD products to exceed 30 million units in 2026 [11] - **FCLC Project**: - Completed four batches of certification for FCCL, first production line established, expected first orders of 100-150 million CNY [17][18] Market Position and Competitive Advantage - **Cost Efficiency**: - CMD solution costs 35 CNY, significantly lower than competitors' solutions [14] - **Strategic Partnerships**: - Collaborations with major automotive companies like H Company, Huayu Vision, and Xingyu for CMD solutions [11][12] Challenges and Risks - **Gross Margin Pressure**: - Decline in overall gross margin primarily due to underperformance of automotive wiring harness business [7][8] - **Market Competition**: - Increased competition in aerogel and flexible circuit board markets may impact margins [24] Future Growth Areas - **High-frequency and High-speed Cables**: - Expected to be a significant growth area, with ongoing testing and potential large revenue contributions in 2026 [26] - **Medical Devices**: - Targeting the medical device market, aiming to replicate successful models from companies like Gore [21][22] - **Acquisitions**: - Plans for strategic acquisitions to enhance technology and market share, targeting at least one to two acquisitions every three years [27] Conclusion - Pan-Asia Micro透 is positioned for significant growth with a focus on expanding its CMD and FCCL product lines, while also navigating challenges in gross margins and market competition. The company's strategic partnerships and R&D investments are expected to drive future revenue growth and enhance its competitive position in the advanced materials industry.
中文在线20251104
2025-11-05 01:29
Summary of the Conference Call for Chinese Online Industry Overview - The conference call focuses on the AI comic drama industry, specifically the operations and future plans of Chinese Online, a cultural technology company that leverages AI to enhance content production and monetization strategies [2][3][4]. Key Points and Arguments - **Production Goals**: Chinese Online plans to produce approximately 300 AI comic dramas in 2025, with a target of over 1,000 by 2026. The production team is expected to grow from over 100 in 2025 to 400-500 by 2026 [2][4]. - **Monetization Models**: The business model for AI comic dramas is diverse, relying on advertising revenue from the Hongguo platform and membership revenue from long video platforms. The expected return on investment (ROI) for these productions is typically over 120%, which is higher than that of live-action short dramas [2][6]. - **Revenue Distribution**: Revenue from long video platforms accounts for approximately 30%-40%, while platforms under ByteDance contribute around 60%, with other platforms making up the remaining 10% [9]. - **Content Quality and User Growth**: The company emphasizes that high-quality content is crucial for increasing ROI and expanding the user base. The initial reliance on platform subsidies is expected to shift towards improved content quality and supply [10][11]. - **AI Tools and Models**: Chinese Online has developed its own AI comic drama production platform, utilizing the self-trained Chinese Xiaoyao model and integrating top-tier text models. The production process involves significant human input in script adaptation, with AI assisting in efficiency [12][11]. Additional Important Insights - **Content Themes**: The primary themes for AI comic dramas are male-oriented genres such as fantasy and cultivation, with plans to explore more diverse themes like comedy, elder stories, and animal-related content [5][13]. - **Market Impact**: The rise of AI comic dramas is expected to expand the user base for anime content, both domestically and internationally. While there may be competition for entertainment time, the market for AI comic dramas is still in its early stages, indicating significant growth potential [14]. - **IP Utilization**: Chinese Online possesses a vast library of 5.6 million IPs, allowing for a bundled operation model that mitigates risks associated with individual projects. This strategy aims to enhance overall profitability [27][29]. - **Future Plans for International Expansion**: The company is exploring opportunities in North America, Japan, and Southeast Asia, including collaborations with local media companies and platforms like YouTube and TikTok [30]. Conclusion Chinese Online is strategically positioned to capitalize on the growing AI comic drama market through innovative production techniques, diverse monetization strategies, and a robust IP portfolio. The company's focus on quality content and international expansion suggests a promising outlook for future growth in the industry [28][29].
科创新源20251104
2025-11-05 01:29
Summary of Conference Call Notes Company Overview - The company is one of the early players in the domestic NB chain liquid cooling plate OEM market and is in the process of acquiring Zhaoke to establish a comprehensive solution for materials and components, transitioning from OEM to direct supply to enhance core competitiveness [2][4][7]. Industry Insights - The liquid cooling plate is a critical component of liquid cooling systems, responsible for 95% of energy-saving tasks, requiring high thermal conductivity and reliability [2][9]. - The company has entered the supply chains of major clients such as ZTE and Huawei for polymer materials, and CATL and Hive Energy for thermal management products [5][16]. Financial Projections - Expected revenue for 2025, 2026, and 2027 is projected to be 1.29 billion, 2.51 billion, and 3.9 billion yuan, respectively, with year-on-year growth rates of 34.7%, 44.4%, and 55.5% [2][8]. - Net profit attributable to the parent company is expected to be 44 million, 150 million, and 250 million yuan for the same years, not considering the consolidation of Zhaoke [2][8]. Competitive Advantages - The company possesses unique competitive advantages in the liquid cooling plate OEM sector, including proprietary welding technology that ensures long-term stable operation of liquid cooling plates [4]. - The acquisition of Zhaoke will enhance the company's overall competitiveness by integrating thermal interface materials (TIM) with cooling plate solutions, leveraging Zhaoke's customer resources [7]. Product Development and Technology - The company has developed high-frequency welded liquid cooling plates compatible with CATL's Kirin and Shenxing batteries, which are key cooling components [3][16]. - The thermal management business includes products such as liquid cooling plates for new energy vehicles, with a focus on aluminum alloy materials and various manufacturing processes [14]. Market Trends and Future Outlook - The company anticipates rapid growth in its new energy liquid cooling plate business due to increased vehicle deliveries, which is expected to enhance capacity utilization and gross margin [3][16]. - The data center cooling module OEM business is projected to achieve revenues of 910 million and 2 billion yuan in 2026 and 2027, respectively, with a gross margin expected to remain around 20% [18]. Investment Recommendations - Despite market expectations of a tech stock adjustment in Q4, the company’s business is expected to continue progressing, with strong growth potential in the liquid cooling sector [20]. - Investors are advised to focus on high-growth, high-certainty sectors with continuous technological advantages, particularly in the liquid cooling segment [20].
金龙汽车20251104
2025-11-05 01:29
Summary of Jinlong Automobile Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: Jinlong Automobile - **Industry**: Automotive, specifically bus manufacturing Key Financial Performance - **Q3 2025 Revenue**: 780,000 CNY, up 159.25% YoY [2] - **Earnings Per Share (EPS)**: 0.34 CNY, up 209.09% YoY [2] - **Total Bus Sales**: 34,862 units, up 5.86% YoY [2] - **Gross Margin**: Increased by nearly 2 percentage points QoQ due to cost reduction and higher-value orders [2][5] - **Net Profit**: 247 million CNY, up 223.71% YoY [3] Growth Drivers - **Cost Reduction and Efficiency**: Significant improvements in cost management and procurement strategies [2][5] - **Export Business**: Exports accounted for over 60% of total sales, contributing positively to gross margin [2][5] - **High-Value Orders**: Increased proportion of high-value orders has positively impacted profitability [2][5] Future Outlook - **Q4 2025 Expectations**: Continued growth in revenue and profit, but uncertainty in gross margin improvement [6] - **Annual Performance Goals**: Targeting positive net profit after deductions, a 2 percentage point increase in gross margin, and ROE exceeding 6% [7] - **Sales Projections**: Domestic sales may decline by 5%-10% in 2025, but overseas markets are expected to grow by 10%-15% annually [4][27] Export Market Insights - **Key Markets**: Significant growth in Asia, Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Northeast Asia, with Israel as the largest export destination [4][14] - **Demand Drivers**: Increased demand in Southeast Asia due to reduced exports from Japanese manufacturers and electric vehicle projects [4][14] Strategic Initiatives - **Intelligent Driving**: Early investments in smart driving technology, including partnerships with Baidu for autonomous buses [4][9] - **Consolidation of Subsidiaries**: Ongoing integration of three bus manufacturing subsidiaries to enhance operational efficiency [17][22] - **Centralized Procurement**: Achieved over 30% centralized procurement, aiming for 90% by the end of 2027 [10][19] Challenges and Risks - **Domestic Market Volatility**: Anticipated decline in domestic sales due to subsidy changes and market conditions [27] - **Competitive Landscape**: Need to improve market share against competitors like Yutong, which holds a significant portion of the market [29] Additional Insights - **Non-Recurring Gains**: Third-quarter non-recurring gains primarily from government subsidies and reduced financial income [8] - **Future Product Development**: Focus on enhancing vehicle comfort and performance through advanced technologies [29][30] Conclusion Jinlong Automobile is experiencing significant growth driven by export markets and strategic cost management. The company is well-positioned for future growth, although it faces challenges in the domestic market and competition. The focus on intelligent driving and centralized procurement will likely enhance its competitive edge in the coming years.
景嘉微20251104
2025-11-05 01:29
Summary of the Conference Call for Jingjia Micro Company Overview - **Company**: Jingjia Micro - **Industry**: Semiconductor, specifically focusing on AI SOC chips, GPUs, and military applications Key Financial Performance - **2025 H1 Revenue**: Increased by 230% year-on-year, achieving a profit of 0.15 billion CNY, reversing last year's loss situation [2][4] - **2025 Q3 Revenue**: Reached 3.01 billion CNY, a 230% increase year-on-year, with a significant improvement from last year's loss [4] - **2025 Full Year Outlook**: Expected to meet initial performance targets despite capacity constraints [2][4] Business Segments and Growth Prospects - **Display Control Business**: Anticipated significant growth in 2025 due to the ability to ensure delivery amid tight wafer supply [2][5] - **Radar and Communication Business**: Expected to see larger growth in 2026, with new product lines laying the foundation for future expansion [2][5] - **Military Industry Demand**: Stable and consistent growth anticipated, with ongoing supply challenges for key components like wafers and DDR [6] Product Development and R&D - **AI SOC Chip Project**: The Wuxi Chenhongwei AI SOC chip company has completed Tape Out (TO) and is expected to have results soon, viewed as a key growth point [2][8] - **GM11 Server Product**: Exceeded expectations in testing, attracting numerous server manufacturers for collaboration [2][9] - **R&D Projects**: Focus on two main projects: computing cards and traditional rendering GPUs, with significant investment in talent and resources [3][13][15] Competitive Landscape - **New GPU Competitors**: Increased market competition from newly listed GPU companies, but Jingjia Micro is responding by optimizing technology and expanding application scenarios [11] - **Product Comparison**: Jingjia Micro's products show competitive advantages, such as supporting more output channels compared to competitors [12] Talent Acquisition and R&D Focus - **Talent Expansion**: Actively recruiting in the chip field, with nearly 200 new hires and a new R&D center established in Shanghai [15] - **Strategic Focus**: Emphasis on maintaining high R&D investment to expand product categories and capabilities, prioritizing revenue over short-term profit [14]
迈威生物20251104
2025-11-05 01:29
Summary of the Conference Call for Maiwei Biotech Company Overview - **Company**: Maiwei Biotech - **Date**: November 4, 2025 Key Points Financial Performance - As of September 30, the company reported cash and cash equivalents of 1.439 billion RMB, an increase of over 200 million RMB compared to the end of last year [5] - Revenue for the first three quarters reached 566 million RMB, a year-on-year increase of 300%, driven by growth in technical service fees and a 70% increase in the sales of Dizu monoclonal antibody [5] - The loss for the third quarter significantly reduced to 49 million RMB, a year-on-year decrease of 200 million RMB, marking the first substantial reduction in losses [5] Business Development (BD) Achievements - The company achieved multiple breakthroughs in BD, including collaborations on Bai Jie 11, small nucleic acids, and long-acting Shengmai injections, resulting in over 800 million RMB in cash inflow [6][7] - Several BD pipelines are in progress, including 94 ADR BTC, CDED, and STE U monoclonal antibodies, with expectations for more results in the future [7] Core Projects and Pipeline Progress - The core pipeline includes 9KT 4 ADC, B713 ADC, and CD17 ADC, with multiple products expected to be approved and initiate patient enrollment in both China and the U.S. [8] - The SE2 monoclonal antibody for COPD has completed enrollment of 80 patients in the EB27 clinical trial, with expectations to complete follow-up by the end of the year [3] - The company is also advancing the CDH17 ADC project, which has received overseas authorization with a total amount exceeding 1 billion USD for liver delivery exploration [3][4] Market Expansion and Product Launches - Dizu monoclonal antibody sales approached 100 million RMB in the first half of the year, ranking first among domestic products [16] - The company has signed agreements with over 10 countries to expand biosimilars into emerging markets, with the first launch in Pakistan in August [16] - A supplemental application for bone metastasis indications is expected to be approved in the first half of next year, which could significantly increase revenue [16] Future Development Plans - The company is focusing on four key platforms: antibody discovery, ADC, TCE, and small nucleic acids, with plans to launch more TCE products into clinical trials next year [8] - The company is also developing treatments for age-related diseases, such as the SE2 monoclonal antibody for COPD, with plans for larger sample size trials [8] Clinical Trials and Regulatory Approvals - The company is actively communicating with the FDA regarding clinical trial designs and endpoints, particularly for the Bai Jie 11 project targeting pathological scars [9][28] - The 2,821 project is expected to focus on single endpoint PFS (Progression-Free Survival) to shorten clinical cycles and sample sizes [18][25] Innovations in Drug Development - The siRNA platform has been authorized to Editas, with ongoing development of dual-target siRNA and exploration of liver and CNS delivery systems [12][33] - The company is also developing a new oral small molecule drug for osteoarthritis, which is currently advancing to phase II clinical trials [14] Market Outlook - The company anticipates significant revenue growth from traditional products like Dizu and Adalimumab, with a complete transition to Maiwei's invoicing by 2026 [22] - The aging population in China is expected to drive demand for ophthalmic preparations, particularly for age-related macular degeneration [38] Conclusion - Maiwei Biotech is positioned for growth with a robust pipeline, significant financial improvements, and strategic collaborations, aiming to expand its market presence and enhance its product offerings in the coming years [39]
中国神华20251104
2025-11-05 01:29
中国神华 20251104 今年第三季度煤炭价格反弹,但中国神华的产量环比仍在上升,未受减产影响。 请问这是为什么? 中国神华受政策影响较小,主要因其上市公司身份使其生产合规,未受 超产煤矿的限制影响。尽管上半年需求不佳,三季度价格回升,但全年 外购煤采购量仍未达进度,四季度将尽力追赶,但最终达成情况取决于 市场。 长协机制基准价为 675 元/吨,预计调整概率不大。公司一季度和三季 度长协履约率超 100%,二季度略降,但仍满足 90%的国家考核要求。 月度长协范围宽泛且持续调整,年底争取提供更清晰的数据口径。 内部自供电厂煤炭约七八千万吨,含自产和外购煤,比例取决于电厂位 置。新建矿井方面,新街一井和二井预计 2029 年投运,太阳沟预计 2028 年四季度投产,新街三井和四井处于前期勘探阶段。 新街一井、二井总投资 300 亿,产能 1,600 万吨,投资额较高是由于采 用斜井井工开采方式,深度超过 700 米,且包含洗煤厂建设。该投资不 包括矿权价值。公司已为这几个矿准备了必要的产能指标。 个别矿区可能因煤层变薄逐步退出,但过程缓慢,可通过技术进步维持 生产。公司没有明确的单位产能减少目标,只要煤矿能 ...
华阳国际20251104
2025-11-05 01:29
Summary of Huayang International's Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: Huayang International - **Main Business**: Design and cost consulting services Key Points Financial Performance - **Revenue and Profit**: Overall revenue and profit showed a slight decline year-on-year, maintaining stability. The design and cost consulting main business revenue decreased by 10%, while overall profit dropped by 36% due to losses from new businesses. Excluding the impact of new business losses, profit declined by approximately 10-15% [2][3] - **Quarterly Impact**: The fourth quarter has a high business proportion, significantly affecting annual performance [2] Business Strategy and Transformation - **Cultural Business**: The cultural business incurred losses of 20-30 million yuan in 2025, leading to its transfer to the original management team. The company is actively seeking transformation opportunities in new productivity sectors, including participation in a semiconductor investment fund [4][5] - **Focus on Stability**: The company aims to maintain stable main business operations with slight growth, primarily relying on new business opportunities [4] Real Estate Industry Insights - **Market Conditions**: The real estate industry has been contracting since its peak in 2021 but is now stabilizing. Further downward space is limited, and a rebound is unpredictable. The focus has shifted from scale and growth to enhancing service capabilities to meet new market demands [6] - **Design Industry Challenges**: The design industry faces challenges due to mismatched client demands for high-quality, creative designs and traditional development models. The company plans to adjust its organizational structure and methods to improve service capabilities and design quality [7] Client Structure Changes - **Client Dynamics**: There has been a noticeable change in client structure, with a decrease in government project orders and an increase in projects from local developers and technology companies, which demand higher design quality and creativity [8][9] Project Types and Performance - **Residential and Commercial Projects**: In 2025, there was slight growth in residential projects, particularly in talent housing projects, despite no significant increase in government orders. Public building projects, however, saw a decline [9][10] - **Stability in Affordable Housing**: The development of affordable housing remains stable, with a consistent number of projects, while urban renewal contracts have seen a steady increase [10] Future Outlook - **2026 Projections**: The company aims to keep its main business stable, with potential for slight growth depending on industry changes. Future growth will rely on new business opportunities while maintaining existing scale [11] Technology and Innovation - **AI in Design**: The application of AI technology in architectural design is still in its early stages, with ongoing internal efforts to enhance efficiency. The company is not currently relying on third-party companies for profitability through AI [12] - **Exploration of New Business Areas**: The company is exploring new business directions, including semiconductor equipment and optical communications, and has participated in a significant semiconductor investment fund [13] Robotics and Low-altitude Aviation - **Robotics Integration**: There is limited focus on integrating robotics with construction, with more emphasis on AI development. Some applications in renovation and painting are noted but are not core to the business [14] - **Low-altitude Aviation**: No new projects in low-altitude aviation have been initiated in 2025, with previous projects showing no significant progress [15]