国外 1. 花旗：预计9月核心通胀将有所降温 花旗经济学家预计，9月份核心CPI将上涨0.28%，低于8月份的0.35%。虽然关税可能会使商品价格保持 坚挺，但住房通胀放缓应会缓解整体服务通胀。政府关门可能会推迟数据的发布，但花旗表示，劳动力 市场走软和房价降温降低了持续通胀的风险。 2. 巴克莱：黄金上涨反映市场对现有财政与货币秩序的不信任 巴克莱全球研究主席Ajay Rajadhyaksha在一份报告中表示，今年黄金价格的上涨，标志着市场对现有财 政和货币秩序的不信任感正在加剧。他指出，四个主要经济体——美国、英国、法国和日本——的债务 负担均超过各自GDP的100%，而它们的财政状况仍在恶化。他补充说："最重要的是，几乎没有政治意 愿去进行财政整顿。"与此同时，其他传统的避险资产，例如日元和瑞士法郎，正在失去部分吸引力。 Rajadhyaksha称，黄金通常在经济摇摇欲坠或金融市场崩溃时上涨。他认为，尽管金融市场目前表现健 康，但黄金最近的上涨应该引起政策制定者的警惕。 3. 荷兰国际：预计黄金牛市将持续，但"世界和平"可能导致金价下跌 荷兰国际集团认为黄金的牛市仍有进一步上涨空间。该机构预计黄金价格将 ...

港元对美元汇率走势图 ◎记者 黄冰玉 港元正以逾20年来罕见的速度走强，近期创下2003年以来最强30日升势。 分析人士普遍认为，本轮港元升值的背后，既有货币市场环境改变的直接推动，也有"内外资共振"的港 股吸"金"表现作为强大后盾，而根基则在于中国经济的稳健与韧性。 港元升速亮眼 自此前香港金管局频繁出手收紧资金后，8月中旬港元对美元汇率从7.85的"弱方兑换保证"水平急速拉 升，随后一路上行。目前，港元对美元汇率徘徊在7.77水平附近，过去30天上涨约1%，为2003年以来 最强30日升势。 与此同时，多期限HIBOR（香港银行同业拆借利率）大幅上涨。隔夜港元拆借利率已从8月中旬的不足 0.2%大幅上升至9月24日的4.45%。 今年5月以来，港元对美元汇率走势呈现变动幅度大、速度快的两大特征：先是在5月初时触及从7.75 的"强方兑换保证水平"，又在6月中旬由"强方"到"弱方"，创下1983年联系汇率制度创立以来最快强弱 转换纪录，随后于8月中旬再度"扶摇直上"，由弱向强，并延续至今。 这一系列"急速反转"，源于联系汇率制度：如果港元汇率触发强方兑换保证，香港金融管理局就会买入 美元、卖出港元，将港元汇 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of continuous research iteration to approach the truth, highlighting that growth comes from persistent denial and reconstruction [2][26]. Group 1: Research Framework and Goals - The team is undergoing a comprehensive upgrade in 2025, focusing on restructuring the research framework and systematically displaying research outcomes [2]. - The guiding principle is to provide valuable independent research results that are grounded in reality and actionable [2]. Group 2: Economic Insights - The article discusses the shift in the economic "three drivers" from manufacturing to services, indicating that as GDP per capita reaches $10,000 to $30,000 and urbanization hits 70%, service sector demand will accelerate [28]. - It notes that new consumption policies emphasize long-term strategies for domestic demand expansion rather than short-term stimuli, while also providing support for manufacturing to counter tariff impacts [29]. - The concept of "anti-involution" is presented as a new phase of supply-side structural reform, with increased government and industry focus, broader coverage, and stronger coordination among policies and market mechanisms [31]. Group 3: Global Economic Trends - The article highlights that the biggest expectation gap in the global macroeconomic landscape for the first half of 2025 is the disproof of the "American exceptionalism" narrative [21]. - It mentions that the focus of tariffs may shift towards validating economic data, with potential concerns about recession if the U.S. unemployment rate rises to 4.6% [21]. - The impact of geopolitical risks, particularly since the Russia-Ukraine conflict, is noted as a significant factor in global macroeconomic conditions and asset pricing [23].

致投资者 研究是在持续迭代的过程中不断逼近真相，是一项"久久为功"的工作，只有永不停步的否定 与重构，才能不断成长。作为研究型团队，我们始终坚守初心，坚持研究为本、求真务实、勤勉 服务、敬畏市场。 2025年是团队全面升级的一年，在新的征程中，我们推进了研究框架的体系重构、研究成果 的系统展示，秉持"研之有理、落地有声"的理念，致力于提供真正有价值的独立研究成果。 感谢您一直以来的支持与信任，让我们共同进步，共创未来！ 赵伟 敬上 2025.8.16 赵伟 申万宏源证券首席经济学家 经济学博士，同时担任中国证券业协会首席经济学家委员会委员、中国首席经济学家论坛理事等社会职务。2023 年7月6日，应邀参加李强总理经济形势座谈会。 曾获沪上金融家"金融行业创新人物"、服务经济高质量发展最佳首席经济学家等称号；曾获新财富最佳分析师、 水晶球最佳分析师、金牛奖最具价值首席分析师等行业奖项。 代表作《转型之机》、《蜕变·新生》等，系统阐释了中国经济转型阶段的特征与机遇，为理论研究与实务操作 提供重要支持。 申万宏源宏观首席分析师 复旦大学经济学博士、曼彻斯特大学访问学者，曾任国金证券宏观首席分析师、东方证券财富管理总 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve's decision to restart the interest rate cut cycle is expected to drive significant gains in emerging market debt, marking the largest rally in recent years [1][4]. Group 1: Market Performance - Year-to-date, dollar-denominated local government bonds in developing countries have delivered a 15% return, potentially achieving the best annual performance since 2017 [1]. - Emerging market government bonds have outperformed most global fixed-income assets, with a 15% increase, more than double the 5.4% rise of the Bloomberg U.S. Treasury Index [4]. Group 2: Investment Strategies - Local currency-denominated bonds are becoming increasingly attractive, with institutions like DoubleLine Capital and JPMorgan Asset Management favoring these assets [2]. - The strategy of borrowing from low-interest countries to invest in high-yield markets is deemed "irreplaceable" for the remainder of the year by Bank of America [2]. Group 3: Economic Factors - The weakening of the dollar and the potential for currency appreciation are expected to enhance returns on local currency-denominated bonds [4]. - The Federal Reserve's actions are believed to support the view of a weaker dollar and future interest rate declines, benefiting emerging market stocks and bonds [4]. Group 4: Fund Flows - Emerging market debt funds have seen a net inflow of approximately $300 million in the week ending September 17, marking 22 consecutive weeks of inflows, totaling $45 billion year-to-date [7]. - The current environment continues to support emerging markets, with a clear trend favoring these investments [8].

Group 1: Federal Reserve Rate Cut Impact - The Federal Reserve's interest rate cut has been anticipated by the market, confirming a global easing cycle [1] - Following the rate cut, the US dollar index fell, leading to potential support for commodities priced in dollars, such as gold and copper [1][4] - The rate cut is expected to lower the interest income on dollar-denominated assets, prompting international capital to seek higher-yielding investments [4] Group 2: Gold Market Outlook - As of September 18, 2023, gold prices showed slight increases, with London spot gold at $3,654.58 per ounce and COMEX futures at $3,691.60 per ounce, both with daily gains of less than 1% [2] - Experts predict that gold prices may experience short-term fluctuations between $3,500 and $3,900 per ounce, with long-term support factors remaining intact [3] - The ongoing easing cycle by the Federal Reserve, combined with other factors, suggests that gold remains in a bull market [3] Group 3: Oil Market Dynamics - On the day of the Federal Reserve's rate cut, WTI crude oil futures closed at $64.05 per barrel, down 0.73%, while Brent crude futures closed at $67.95 per barrel, down 0.76% [5] - Analysts forecast that international oil prices are likely to experience a downward trend due to a supply surplus, with geopolitical factors providing limited support [6] - Seasonal demand fluctuations are expected to further impact oil prices, as the end of summer travel reduces gasoline consumption and the upcoming maintenance season in major markets will lead to decreased demand [7]

Group 1: Reasons for Rising Japanese Bond Yields - The 10-year Japanese bond yield has reached a new high of 1.63%, the highest since 2008, driven by multiple factors including weak bond auction results and reduced demand from life insurance companies[6][7]. - The bid-to-cover ratio for the 20-year bond auction on May 20 was 2.50, significantly lower than the previous auction's 2.96, indicating waning investor interest[11]. - Japanese life insurance companies, holding 17% of government bonds, are reducing long-term bond allocations due to substantial unrealized losses, with one major insurer reporting a loss of 3.6 trillion yen in FY2024[13]. - Political instability following the ruling party's loss in the July 20 elections has exacerbated bond sell-offs, leading to increased market uncertainty[17]. Group 2: Outlook and Risks - The Japanese bond yield is expected to continue rising over the next six months to a year, primarily driven by domestic inflation and interest rate hike expectations, with potential increases of over 50 basis points if the policy rate reaches 1%[30][36]. - The Japanese government debt-to-GDP ratio is projected to remain high at 237%, raising concerns about fiscal sustainability amid rising interest rates[27]. - Risks include a potential debt spiral as rising yields increase debt servicing costs, and the possibility of a "carry trade" unwind, which could lead to market volatility[6][30]. Group 3: Opportunities in Japanese Bonds - The attractiveness of Japanese bonds is increasing as yields rise, making them a viable investment option amid a backdrop of improving economic fundamentals and fiscal outlook[6][30]. - Japan's economy is on a path to recovery, with stable employment and a positive inflation outlook, which supports the long-term investment case for Japanese bonds[6][30]. - Global diversification needs are rising, positioning Japan's bond market as an attractive alternative for investors seeking options beyond the U.S. and European markets[6][30].

Group 1: Currency and Economic Trends - The RMB has shown a gradual appreciation against the USD since July, with signs of accelerated upward movement expected in the short term [1] - On August 28, both onshore and offshore RMB quickly appreciated against the USD, breaking through multiple key levels, indicating a potential convergence towards the central parity [1] - Future movements in the RMB exchange rate will depend on factors such as "carry trade" reversals and the central parity's guidance [1] Group 2: Housing and Related Industries - Improvement-driven housing demand is expected to significantly boost consumption across various sectors, including home appliances, furniture, textiles, and electronics [2] - The construction and usage of housing will generate substantial digital, electronic, and informational demands, leading to a chain reaction of consumption [2] Group 3: Cultural and Tourism Insights - The importance of cultural assets in cities is emphasized, with a strong opposition to transforming tourist spots into mere "check-in" locations [3] - The competition among cities is viewed as a struggle for cultural narrative control, which is essential for future urban development [3] Group 4: Stock Market and Investment Outlook - The US stock market is experiencing a volatile upward trend, driven by breakthroughs in the AI sector and expectations of a soft landing for the US economy [4] - With the anticipated interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve, the investment value of high-quality fixed income assets is gaining attention [4] - There is an upward revision of gold price expectations, highlighting its role in portfolio diversification and geopolitical risk hedging [4]

Core Insights - The phenomenon of Hong Kong dollar (HKD) interest rates being persistently lower than US dollar (USD) interest rates is primarily attributed to long-term net capital inflows leading to excess HKD liquidity [1][6] - The significant growth in HKD monetary base since 2000 is largely due to Hong Kong's status as a free trade port and a gateway between China and the world, resulting in substantial international capital inflows, particularly into the securities market [1] - The HKD/USD exchange rate has remained close to the strong-side guarantee level of 7.75, reflecting the impact of these capital inflows [1] Group 1 - The demand for short-term foreign exchange fund notes has surged as Hong Kong banks manage liquidity in the context of ongoing net capital inflows [2] - The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) has increased the supply of high-quality foreign exchange fund notes, leading to an excess of HKD liquidity in the market [2] - The HKD swap market plays a crucial role in HKD funding, with active trading and strong liquidity, resulting in actual swap points being consistently lower than theoretical swap points [2] Group 2 - The carry trade between HKD and USD offers some opportunities, but the strategy is subject to significant short-term volatility, making it difficult to maintain a zero interest rate differential over the long term [6] - Market interventions by the HKMA can have a substantial impact, such as causing rapid widening of the HKD/USD interest rate spread following interventions [6] - The persistent lower interest rates of HKD compared to USD are influenced by multiple factors, including excess liquidity from long-term capital inflows, strong demand for HKD in the swap market, and the short-term volatility of carry trades [6]

Group 1 - The Turkish court's confrontation with the main opposition party has escalated, leading to market sell-offs and prompting Wall Street banks to adjust their expectations regarding the Central Bank of Turkey's interest rate cuts [1] - Morgan Stanley and JPMorgan now predict a 200 basis point cut in the benchmark interest rate at the upcoming monetary policy meeting on September 11, down from a previous expectation of a 300 basis point cut [1] - The recent political turmoil is causing investors and financial institutions to reassess the outlook for Turkey's interest rate cut cycle, with the Central Bank having restarted rate cuts in July, lowering the benchmark rate to 43% [1] Group 2 - JPMorgan analyst Fatih Akcelik suggests that the Central Bank may maintain policy rates significantly above overall inflation to prevent further dollarization among the Turkish populace amid political instability [2] - Despite a strong domestic demand in Q2, Turkey's inflation rate remains high at 33%, with a recent court ruling prompting state banks to sell approximately $5 billion in foreign exchange to stabilize the lira [2] - Morgan Stanley analyst Hande Kucuk indicates that recent macro data and domestic uncertainty necessitate a reduction in the magnitude of interest rate cuts to keep market volatility manageable [2] Group 3 - Not all analysts have quickly adjusted their interest rate cut expectations; Barclays economist Ercan Erguzel maintains a forecast of a 250 basis point cut [3] - The recent political dynamics are being monitored for their impact on both non-resident and resident investor positions, with a reported withdrawal of approximately $3 billion from carry trade positions [3] - A previous market turmoil in March, linked to the arrest of Istanbul's mayor, led to a suspension of the interest rate cut cycle and significant foreign exchange sales by banks to support the lira [3]