鲍威尔的政策框架调整是总结过去。2020 年鲍威尔提出的政策框架，所谓平均通胀目标，在面临疫后大通 胀时期已不再适用。此次新框架的调整，重回灵活通胀目标框架，同样是过去几年美联储货币政策的总结。面临 关税+移民政策的新变化，以及白宫给与的政治压力，而且考虑到鲍威尔任期在明年 5 月结束，美联储本次调整 的新框架也未必适用。相对而言，市场更为关注灵活通胀目标框架下，美联储降息约束放松。 往后看，9-11 月市场降息预期或继续升温，但降息路径还难言一帆风顺。从 2023 年 10 月以来，美联储的 降息预期出现了多轮小周期，每轮降息预期升温或降温持续 3-4 个月。其背后的逻辑在于，降息预期升温后，市 场利率下行，对通胀的限制性下降，又导致通胀上行，反过来限制降息预期。2024 下半年降息 100bp 后的通胀 反弹是一个典型例子。本轮降息预期降温过程从 5 月中美经贸缓和开始，到 8 月非农公布时结束，市场开始转向 定价降息预期升温。参考此前周期，降息预期升温可能持续到 11 月。但随着关税向下游和消费者传导，以及移 民劳动供给减少，强化服务价格韧性，11-12 月美国可能再度面临通胀加速风险。 美债短端确定性 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) officials must balance between inflation and employment targets, indicating a nuanced approach to monetary policy [1] Group 1 - The expectation of two interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve in 2025 is considered a reasonable outlook [1] - There is room for "recalibrating" the policy interest rate, suggesting potential adjustments in response to economic conditions [1] - The U.S. economy is clearly slowing down, but the growth rate is not characterized as slow [1]

Group 1: Economic Outlook - UBS predicts a sharp slowdown in US GDP growth from 2.0% in Q2 to 0.9% in Q4, significantly below the consensus estimate of 1% [2][11] - Indicators such as a decline in private sector working hours and a weaker ISM employment index suggest an inevitable economic slowdown [5][6] - Factors supporting this outlook include pre-tariff demand exhaustion, depletion of excess savings, and rising effective interest rates during debt extensions [11][12] Group 2: Interest Rate Expectations - UBS forecasts a 1% decrease in interest rates by year-end, contrasting sharply with the market consensus of only a 0.5% reduction [13] - The report highlights that the sensitivity of the economy to short-term rates is unusually low due to a high proportion of fixed-rate debt among households and businesses [16] Group 3: Dollar Outlook - UBS maintains a long-term bearish stance on the dollar, citing a net investment position of -88% of GDP as a condition for a potential correction before a new dollar bull market [3][20] - Despite a recent rebound in the dollar, UBS argues that the fundamental logic for a dollar bear market remains intact [23][24] Group 4: Stock Market Risks - UBS sets a year-end target of 960 points for the MSCI global index, with a 2026 target of 1000 points, while warning of significant downside risks [4][26] - Concerns about valuation and positioning are evident, with nearly all clients inquiring about bubble risks, as UBS identifies six out of seven conditions for a bubble being met [30] - The report notes that approximately 70% of earnings growth is driven by generative AI, but warns that capital expenditure growth among large firms may slow significantly by 2026 [31][33]

Core Viewpoint - UBS has adopted a rare "triple bearish" stance, issuing warnings on the US economy, the US dollar, and US equities simultaneously [1] Economic Outlook - UBS predicts a sharp slowdown in US GDP growth from 2.0% in Q2 to 0.9% in Q4, significantly below the consensus estimate of 1% [7] - Indicators such as a sharp decline in private sector work hours and a weaker ISM employment index suggest an inevitable economic slowdown [2] Interest Rate Expectations - UBS forecasts a 1% decrease in interest rates by year-end, which is double the market consensus of 50 basis points [8] - The report highlights that the sensitivity of the economy to short-term rates is unusually low due to a high proportion of fixed-rate debt [9] US Dollar Analysis - UBS maintains a long-term bearish outlook on the US dollar, citing a net investment position of -88% of GDP as a condition for a necessary correction before a new dollar bull market [11][13] - Despite a recent rebound in the dollar, UBS argues that the fundamental logic for a dollar bear market remains intact [15] Equity Market Risks - UBS sets a year-end target of 960 points for the MSCI global index and 1000 points for 2026, while warning of significant downside risks [16] - Concerns include high valuations, positioning worries, and the concentration of earnings growth in large tech firms [21] - UBS identifies a 25% probability of entering a bubble if the Fed lowers rates as expected [20] Sector-Specific Concerns - The report indicates that approximately 70% of earnings growth is driven by generative AI, but warns that capital expenditure growth for large firms may slow significantly [21] - UBS believes that the market is underestimating tariff risks, as many non-US countries are reducing trade barriers [22]

Economic Indicators - The ISM Services PMI in July fell to 50.1 from 50.8, nearing the threshold of expansion and contraction[1] - The Manufacturing PMI dropped to 48, marking five consecutive months in contraction territory[1] - The prices paid index surged to 69.9, a 34-month high, indicating increased cost pressures on consumer prices[1] Employment and Market Outlook - Recent non-farm payroll data suggests a weakening labor market, with initial jobless claims remaining elevated[1] - Short-term outlook for U.S. equities indicates potential downward pressure due to slowing corporate earnings growth and historical volatility in September[1] - The large-cap tech sector may benefit from a potential interest rate cut cycle, which could lower financing costs and support profit resilience[2] Risks and Recommendations - Risks include unexpected inflation rebound and delayed Fed rate cuts, as well as a sharper-than-expected economic downturn impacting corporate profits[3] - Historical experience suggests that market corrections during economic soft landing phases can present opportunities for quality asset accumulation[2]

Group 1 - The central bank of China adjusted the RMB to USD midpoint rate to 7.1345, an increase of 64 points [2] Group 2 - Federal Reserve official Kashkari noted that the economy is slowing down and suggested that two rate cuts this year may still be appropriate [4] - There is uncertainty regarding the impact of tariffs on inflation, and the Fed needs to respond to the economic slowdown [4] - Wage growth is declining, indicating a cooling labor market, and the Fed is cautious about employment data revisions [4] Group 3 - Bond traders are increasing bets on rate cuts by the Federal Reserve this year, with expectations of three rate cuts in the remaining meetings [5] - Some positions are betting on a 50 basis point cut in the next meeting, driven by weak economic indicators [5] - A recent report indicated stagnation in the U.S. services sector growth in July, heightening market concerns [5]

Core Viewpoint - Gold is experiencing a resurgence in momentum due to fears of a U.S. economic slowdown, weak labor data, and expectations of Federal Reserve rate cuts, leading to a rise of over 3% in gold prices over four days [1][5]. Economic Data - The U.S. economy added only 73,000 jobs in July, significantly below the expected 104,000, with prior months' job gains revised down by 258,000, raising recession fears [3]. - The services sector index fell to 50.1 in July from 50.8 in June, indicating a near standstill in business activity due to weak demand and rising costs [4]. Federal Reserve Rate Cuts - The weak economic data has increased the likelihood of the Federal Reserve lowering interest rates in September, with a 92% probability indicated by market tools [5]. - Lower interest rates enhance the attractiveness of gold as a non-yielding asset compared to fixed-income investments [5]. Tariffs and Safe-Haven Buying - The Trump administration's recent tariff hikes, ranging from 15% to 40% on various countries, have spurred safe-haven buying of gold [6]. - The inflationary pressures from these tariffs are expected to bolster gold's status as a hedge against rising prices [7]. Currency and Central Bank Activity - A weaker U.S. dollar and increased central bank purchases are contributing to the rise in gold prices, with 95% of central banks expecting to increase their gold reserves in the next year [8]. Gold Price Forecasts - Citigroup has raised its 3-month gold price forecast to $3,500 per ounce from $3,300, citing economic deterioration, rising inflation, and changing tariffs [9]. ETFs Performance - Gold ETFs such as SPDR Gold Trust ETF (GLD), iShares Gold Trust (IAU), and others are expected to perform well due to rising gold prices [2][10]. - SPDR Gold Trust ETF has an AUM of $103 billion and trades about 9 million shares daily, while iShares Gold Trust has an AUM of $33 billion with 6 million shares traded daily [11][12]. - Other notable ETFs include SPDR Gold MiniShares Trust (AUM: $16.2 billion), abrdn Physical Gold Shares ETF (AUM: $5 billion), and iShares Gold Trust Micro (AUM: $3.3 billion) [13][14][15]. Conclusion - Given the prevailing economic uncertainty and potential Fed rate cuts, interest in gold ETFs is likely to remain strong in the upcoming months [16].

Group 1: Report Core View - The US dollar index strengthened to the upper edge of 100 during the week but quickly depreciated below 99 after the release of non - farm payroll data on Friday. The subsequent outlook suggests a further decline in the US dollar index, and the view of a downward trend in the US dollar is maintained for the year [2]. - The reasons for the mid - week strengthening of the US dollar include the agreement between the US and major trading partners, the closing of crowded short - dollar positions before events, and better - than - expected US Q2 GDP and ADP employment data as well as a hawkish Fed in July [2]. - The weak non - farm payroll data on Friday reversed the logic of the strengthening US dollar. The 3 - month average non - farm payrolls have been slowing since February 2025, and only 35,000 jobs were added as of July [2]. - The logic supporting the downward trend of the US dollar this year includes the slowdown of the US economy and further Fed rate cuts, the recovery of other economies and rising investment returns, and the room for the increase of foreign exchange hedging ratio [2]. Group 2: Other Observations - The spread between US and German yields oscillated downward while the US dollar index generally trended upward [4]. - The US Citigroup economic surprise index declined [5]. - The CFTC net position shows that the net short position of the US dollar has decreased [10]. - The euro swap basis indicates that the cross - border liquidity pressure of the US dollar is limited [12]. - Based on the 30 - 10Y US Treasury yield spread and 10Y swap spread, concerns about US Treasury deficits are not the main contradiction affecting the US dollar [14][17]. - The US dollar index rebounded above the 9 - day moving average, and the RSI indicator is approaching overbought [19]. - The gold - to - copper ratio declined and then rose again on August 1st. Crude oil prices climbed and then fell, and copper prices declined [20].

Core Viewpoint - The recent performance of gold ETFs indicates a positive trend, driven by various economic factors and market dynamics, suggesting potential for further price increases in gold [3][4]. Group 1: Gold ETF Performance - As of August 6, 2025, the gold ETF (159937) has risen by 0.17%, marking a four-day consecutive increase, with the latest price at 7.46 yuan [3]. - Over the past week, the gold ETF has accumulated a 1.29% increase [3]. - The trading volume for the gold ETF reached 1.14 billion yuan, with a turnover rate of 0.39% [3]. - The average daily trading volume over the past week was 12.11 billion yuan, ranking it among the top two comparable funds [3]. Group 2: Economic Indicators and Market Sentiment - The U.S. non-farm payrolls added 73,000 jobs in July, falling short of the expected 110,000, with downward revisions totaling 258,000 for May and June [4]. - The resignation of a key Federal Reserve official, coupled with political actions regarding employment data, is expected to influence market perceptions of the Fed's independence and support gold prices [4]. - Recent data indicates a significant drop in the U.S. job market, which has heightened expectations for a rate cut in September [4]. Group 3: Fund Inflows and Performance Metrics - The gold ETF has seen continuous net inflows over the past three days, totaling 526 million yuan, with a peak single-day inflow of 421 million yuan [4]. - The latest financing buy-in for the gold ETF reached 20.82 million yuan, with a financing balance of 3.612 billion yuan [4]. - Over the past five years, the gold ETF's net value has increased by 72.48%, ranking it among the top two comparable funds [4]. Group 4: Risk and Fee Structure - The gold ETF has a management fee of 0.50% and a custody fee of 0.10% [5]. - The fund's Sharpe ratio over the past year is reported at 2.39, indicating strong risk-adjusted returns [5]. - The tracking error for the gold ETF over the past month is 0.002%, reflecting high tracking precision compared to similar funds [5].

Group 1 - The average tariff rate in the US increased to 18.3% after August 1, down approximately 4 percentage points from 22.5% on April 2 [62][63] - The new tariff rates for countries with trade agreements range from 10% to 20%, while those for countries with trade deficits range from 25% to 41% [62][63] - Ongoing negotiations between the US and other countries, including India, aim to finalize a phase one agreement by fall 2025, focusing on agricultural products, medical devices, and digital trade tariffs [62] Group 2 - Developed market indices experienced declines, with the S&P 500 down 2.4% and the French CAC40 down 3.7% [2][3] - Emerging market indices also saw declines, with the South Korean Composite Index down 2.4% and the Ho Chi Minh Index down 2.3% [3] - The majority of sectors within the S&P 500 fell, particularly materials, consumer discretionary, healthcare, and financials, which dropped 5.4%, 4.5%, 3.9%, and 3.8% respectively [6] Group 3 - The yield on the 10-year US Treasury bond decreased by 17.0 basis points to 4.2% [16] - Other developed countries also saw declines in their 10-year bond yields, with Germany at 2.8% and Japan at 1.6% [16] - Emerging market 10-year bond yields mostly fell, with Turkey down 21.0 basis points to 29.3% and South Africa down 24.0 basis points to 9.6% [22] Group 4 - The US dollar index rose by 1.0% to 98.69, while most other currencies depreciated against the dollar [27][39] - The offshore Chinese yuan depreciated to 7.1929 against the dollar [39] - Major emerging market currencies also saw depreciation, with the Mexican peso down 1.6% and the Philippine peso down 1.0% [27] Group 5 - Commodity prices showed mixed results, with WTI crude oil rising 3.3% to $67.3 per barrel, while coking coal prices fell 13.2% to 1093 yuan per ton [45][46] - Precious metals experienced varied performance, with COMEX gold up 0.9% to $3360.1 per ounce, while COMEX silver fell 3.4% to $36.8 per ounce [52][58] Group 6 - The US economy's Q2 GDP grew at an annualized rate of 3%, surpassing market expectations of 2.6%, but internal demand showed signs of weakness [73] - Consumer spending in Q2 grew at an annualized rate of 1.4%, below the expected 1.5% [73] - The overall GDP growth was primarily driven by net exports, indicating a potential end to the trend of "importing" [73] Group 7 - The US added 73,000 jobs in July, falling short of the expected 104,000, with previous months' job additions revised down significantly [76] - The unemployment rate rose to 4.2%, aligning with expectations, while job openings in June decreased to 7.437 million, below the anticipated 7.5 million [76]