据报道，欧盟与美国正式敲定上月达成的框架性贸易协议，美国将对大多数欧盟进口商品征收15%的关 税，包括汽车、药品等。 （文章来源：第一财经） ...

核心观点 文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人：夏雪 （微信SuperSummerSnow） 报告摘要 关税战的十点观察 （一）新增关税将有多少？ 1 、新版对等关税于 8 月 7 日生效，逆差经济体 10% ，顺差经济体最低 15% 。 7 月 31 日，特朗普签署行政令，调整互惠对等关税，值得注意的是： 1 ） 8 月 7 日生效 。 10 月 5 日之前到港清关的，属于在途货物，仍适用旧版关税。 2 ） 税率水平从 10%~41% 不等。对美贸易逆差经济体关税率 10% ，如巴西 和英国，对美贸易顺差经济体最低税率 15% （欧盟、日本、韩国）。注意三个细节（详见正文）。 3 ） 墨西哥、加拿大、中国不在此次调整中。 关于美国关税战的三维度中期观察结果： 一、新增关税将有几何？ 1 ）新版对等关税下限较初版有所抬升，再叠加未来潜在的 232 行业关税，或导致美国整体关税率突破 15% （ 6 月有效关税率仅 8.9% ）。 2 ）税率存在差异化定价，传统西方盟友如欧盟、日本低于东南亚国家。 3 ）新版对等关税或导致中国与其他国家关税率差收 ...

由于原油、煤炭和液化天然气进口量均出现两位数下降，7月进口额减少7.5%，但贸易收支仍逆转至 1175亿日元逆差。 在美国关税政策持续拖累全球贸易的背景下，日本出口遭受了四年多来最严重的下滑。随着个人消费持 续疲软，日本经济增长前景愈发蒙上阴霾。 日本财务省周三数据显示，7月出口额同比下滑2.6%，降幅超出经济学家预测的2.1%。汽车、汽车零部 件和钢铁出口领跌，创下自2021年2月以来最大跌幅。出口量增长1.2%，这表明出口企业正通过降低售 价来消化关税成本以维持市场份额。 根据7月底达成的贸易协议，汽车及广泛商品关税税率将设定为15%，但全面实施尚需时日。美国商务 部长霍华德.卢特尼克周二表示，与日本和韩国达成的贸易协议的正式文本"还需数周才能到位"。 NLI研究所的Saito表示："降低汽车关税的具体时间表始终未明确。若如共识在九月某时实施降税将带 来缓解，否则负面冲击将进一步扩大。"他补充道，即使全面关税从4月水平下调，仍较年初高出逾 10%，因此影响将持续蔓延。 除美国外，对中国的出口下降3.5%，主因汽车、零部件及有色金属出货量减少;对欧洲的出口下降 3.4%，其中钢铁出口骤降53.1%。财务省数 ...

Group 1: Tariff Increases - The new reciprocal tariff rates effective from August 7, 2025, set a minimum of 10% for trade deficit economies and 15% for trade surplus economies[4] - The overall U.S. tariff rate may rise to over 15%, with estimates suggesting it could reach 17.1% or even 21.2% if key industry tariffs are implemented[5][28] - The effective tariff rate in June 2025 was 8.9%, with a projected increase of 2.4% due to recent tariff changes[26][28] Group 2: Trade Agreement Characteristics - Direct investment and procurement agreements can lead to lower tariffs, with Japan, the EU, and South Korea securing a minimum tariff of 15% in exchange for significant investment commitments[6][34] - Current trade agreements lack formal legal texts, leading to uncertainty in execution and compliance[7][38] Group 3: Impact of Existing Tariffs - U.S. import growth decreased by 2.8% for every 1% increase in tariff rates, with projections indicating a potential decline in import growth to -10.5% in the second half of 2025[8][43] - The majority of tariff costs are borne by U.S. importers, with 40% to 74% of the tariff price increase already reflected in the U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI)[11][50] - The "import rush" observed in April 2025 has likely ended, with June imports showing signs of a demand pullback[12] Group 4: Price Competitiveness - As of May 2025, approximately 61.4% of Chinese goods still maintain a price advantage despite increased tariffs, down from 76.1% in 2024[12] - The narrowing of tariff differentials between China and other countries may reduce the risk of export share loss for China[32]

Group 1 - The EU anticipates an announcement from President Trump regarding lower tariffs on EU automobiles and exemptions for industrial goods like aircraft parts [1] - A joint statement is expected to outline the political commitments made by President Trump and EU Commission President von der Leyen last month [1] - The agreement stipulates that the EU will face a 15% tariff on most of its export goods, including automobiles, pharmaceuticals, and semiconductors [1] Group 2 - The White House confirmed that the general tariff will serve as a ceiling for the EU, while most other trade partners will have their benchmark rates added to the existing most-favored-nation rates [1] - The administrative order from the U.S. only covers reciprocal tariffs without specifying any exemptions or how industry measures will apply to trade partners [1] - Ongoing negotiations will address exemptions for wine, spirits, and other goods that may benefit from zero tariffs, while the EU is pushing for an agreement to allow a certain amount of steel and aluminum to be exported to the U.S. at rates lower than the current 50% [1][2]

Report Title - "Yangtze River Futures Precious Metals Weekly Report: Rising Expectations of Interest Rate Cuts Provide Support for Prices" [1] Report Date - August 11, 2025 [1] Industry Investment Rating - Not provided Core View - The continuous weakening of US economic data has led to an increase in expectations of an interest rate cut in September, causing precious metal prices to fluctuate strongly. The implementation of the new round of US tariffs, the poor performance of July's non - farm payroll data, and the downward revision of May and June data have reversed the market's expectations of employment market resilience. Although the Fed's interest rate - setting meeting was hawkish, market concerns about the US fiscal situation and geopolitical outlook are expected to support precious metal prices. Attention should be paid to the US July CPI inflation data released on Tuesday [4][7][8] Summary by Directory 1. Market Review - Gold: US economic data weakened continuously, and the expectation of an interest rate cut in September increased. As of last Friday, the price of US gold was reported at $3458 per ounce, up 1.2% for the week. The upper resistance level is $3510, and the lower support level is $3390 [4] - Silver: US economic data weakened continuously, the expectation of an interest rate cut in September increased, and silver inventories decreased during the week. As of last Friday, the price of US silver rebounded, with a weekly increase of 3.8%, reported at $38.51 per ounce. The lower support level is $37, and the upper resistance level is $39.7 [7] 2. Weekly View - New US tariffs took effect, July's non - farm payroll data was far below expectations, and data for May and June were significantly revised downwards, reversing the market's expectations of employment market resilience and increasing the market's expectation of an interest rate cut in September. The results of trade negotiations between the US and multiple countries were announced, and the tariff increase was generally lower than market expectations, increasing the market's optimistic expectation of a trade agreement between the US and Europe. Although the market expects an interest rate cut in September, Powell said at the interest - rate meeting that the conditions for a rate cut had not been met, and the meeting result was hawkish. Trump nominated a Fed governor. With the US tariff policy basically in place, the market is concerned about the US fiscal situation and geopolitical prospects, and precious metal prices are expected to be supported. Attention should be paid to the US July CPI inflation data [8] 3. Overseas Macroeconomic Indicators - Not summarized in text form, mainly presented in charts including the US dollar index, real interest rates, currency exchange rates, US Treasury yields, inflation expectations, Fed balance sheet size, and WTI crude oil futures prices [12][14][16] 4. Important Economic Data of the Week - US July ISM non - manufacturing PMI was 50.1, expected to be 51.5, and the previous value was 50.8 - The revised monthly rate of US durable goods orders in June was - 9.4% [19] 5. Important Macroeconomic Events and Policies of the Week - The number of initial jobless claims in the US last week rose to the highest level in a month. As of the week ending August 2, the number of initial jobless claims increased by 7000 to 226,000, higher than the economist's forecast of 221,000. The number of continued jobless claims rose to 1.974 million, the highest since November 2021 - Trump said he would nominate White House Council of Economic Advisers Chairman Milan to temporarily serve as a Fed governor to fill the vacancy left by Kugler's unexpected resignation [21] 6. Inventory - Gold: COMEX inventory decreased by 4062.44 kg to 1,200,128.17 kg, and SHFE inventory increased by 300 kg to 36,045 kg - Silver: COMEX inventory decreased by 5260.36 kg to 15,753,687.21 kg, and SHFE inventory decreased by 25,570 kg to 1,158,387 kg [10] 7. Fund Holdings - As of August 5, the net long position of gold CFTC speculative funds was 230,217 contracts, an increase of 13,029 contracts from last week - As of August 5, the net long position of silver CFTC speculative funds was 48,500 contracts, a decrease of 8719 contracts from last week [10] 8. Key Points to Watch This Week - August 12 (Tuesday), 20:30: US July CPI annual rate unadjusted - August 14 (Thursday), 20:30: US July PPI annual rate - August 15 (Thursday), 20:30: US July retail sales annual rate; 22:00: US August preliminary University of Michigan consumer confidence index [32]

Group 1 - The recent trade deal between the U.S. and Japan may negatively impact U.S. automakers like General Motors and Ford while benefiting Japanese competitors [2][4] - The deal includes a 15% tariff on Japanese imports, which is lower than the 25% tariff U.S. automakers face for imports from Mexico and Canada [4][5] - U.S. automakers are also facing increased costs for essential components due to tariffs on imported metals, further complicating their competitive position [5][9] Group 2 - President Trump's goal was to increase U.S. production and jobs, but the new tariff structure may make it more expensive for U.S. automakers compared to their foreign counterparts [7][9] - U.S. automakers sold only 16,000 vehicles in Japan last year, representing less than 1% of the market, while Japanese automakers sold 5.3 million vehicles in the U.S. [8] - The trade deal raises questions about its effectiveness, as it may not significantly enhance U.S. automakers' access to the Japanese market [9][10]

Core Insights - France's trade deficit has significantly widened amid escalating trade tensions and economic downturn, reaching €43 billion in the first half of the year, an increase of €4.4 billion compared to the second half of 2024 [1] Trade Deficit Analysis - In the first half of the year, imports rose by 1.9% year-on-year, outpacing export growth of 0.7%, contributing to the expanding trade deficit [1] - The trade deficit for the second quarter alone reached €22.9 billion, an increase of €2.8 billion from the first quarter [1] - Key factors for the widening deficit include rising energy prices, a decline in electricity exports, decreased exports of aerospace and maritime products, and a significant increase in pharmaceutical imports, which hit a "historical high" [1] Yearly Trade Deficit Overview - Over the past 12 months, France's cumulative trade deficit has reached €81.7 billion [1] - Since the imposition of new tariffs by the U.S. in early April, French exports to the U.S. have seen a slight year-on-year decline, but no significant drop has been observed compared to the same period last year [1] Government Response - The French Minister for Foreign Trade, Laurent Saint-Martin, indicated that the trade deficit serves as a serious warning signal for France, especially in light of new trade agreements between the EU and the U.S. [1] - He urged France and Europe to take action to enhance competitiveness and "accelerate efforts" to avoid falling behind [1]

美国商务部长卢特尼克：美国可能会将与中国的贸易协议期限再延长90天。 ...

Report Summary 1. Report Information - Report Title: "集运指数日报" [1] - Date: August 7, 2025 [2] - Research Team: Macro Financial Team [4] - Researchers: He Zhuoqiao, Huang Wenxin, Nie Jiayi [3] 2. Industry Investment Rating - No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 3. Core Viewpoints - The peak of the shipping season has passed, and the SCFIS has declined for four consecutive weeks. The spot freight rate has likely reached its peak and is expected to enter a downward channel in August. Airlines have lowered their August quotes, indicating a lack of willingness to support prices. Considering the large impact of tariffs on foreign trade and the high supply of shipping capacity, the freight rate may be weaker in the off - season this year. Attention should be paid to short - selling opportunities in October and long - short spreads between December and October contracts [8]. 4. Summary by Directory 4.1 Market Review and Operation Suggestions - **Spot Market**: The peak of the shipping season has passed. The SCFIS has dropped below 2300 points for four consecutive weeks. Airlines have lowered their August quotes, with large - container quotes concentrated at $3100 - 3500, a decrease of $200 - 300 from the end of July. The freight rate is expected to enter a downward channel in August. Historically, the peak usually occurs in the third week of July, and the freight rate in late August generally returns to the early - July level. Attention should be paid to the speed of freight rate decline and tariff negotiations. Due to the impact of tariffs on foreign trade and high shipping capacity supply, the freight rate may be weaker in the off - season. Consider short - selling opportunities in October and long - short spreads between December and October contracts [8]. 4.2 Industry News - **Overall Market**: From July 28 to August 1, the China export container shipping market was generally stable, with weakening demand and a slight decline in the composite index. The IMF raised China's 2025 economic growth forecast by 0.8 percentage points, mainly driven by exports. On August 1, the Shanghai Export Containerized Freight Index was 1550.74 points, down 2.6% from the previous period [9]. - **European Routes**: The EU and the US reached a tariff agreement with a 15% tariff rate. The EU will increase purchases of US energy products and investment. Although this avoids the escalation of the trade war, it may bring long - term economic costs to the EU. The shipping demand was stable, and the market freight rate declined slightly. On August 1, the freight rate from Shanghai Port to European basic ports was $2051/TEU, down 1.9% from the previous period [9][10]. - **Mediterranean Routes**: The supply - demand relationship was weak, and the spot booking price declined slightly. On August 1, the freight rate from Shanghai Port to Mediterranean basic ports was $2333/TEU, down 3.5% from the previous period [10]. - **North American Routes**: In June, US durable goods orders decreased by 9.3% month - on - month, the worst since the 2020 pandemic. China and the US held economic and trade talks, and the suspension of 24% of US tariffs and China's counter - measures will be extended for 90 days. The shipping demand lacked growth momentum, and the spot booking price continued to decline. On August 1, the freight rates from Shanghai Port to the US West and East basic ports were $2021/FEU and $3126/FEU, down 2.2% and 7.5% respectively from the previous period [10]. - **Other News**: Israel launched air strikes on Yemen's Hodeidah Port, further disrupting the port's operations. The US will maintain a 25% tariff on Japanese goods and may soon reach a trade agreement with India. The US and the EU reached a trade agreement, with the EU increasing investment in the US by $600 billion, purchasing $750 billion of US energy products and US military equipment [10]. 4.3 Data Overview - **Container Shipping Spot Prices**: From August 4 to July 28, the SCFIS for European routes decreased from 2316.56 to 2297.86, a decline of 0.8%. The SCFIS for US West routes decreased from 1284.01 to 1130.12, a decline of 12.0% [12]. - **Container Shipping Index (European Routes) Futures Market**: The trading data of multiple contracts on August 6 are provided, including EC2508, EC2510, etc., with details on opening price, closing price, settlement price, change, change rate, trading volume, open interest, and open interest change [6]. - **Shipping - Related Data Charts**: Various charts are provided to show the Shanghai Export Container Settlement Freight Index, container shipping index (European routes) futures trends, and shipping - related price trends [13][17][19]