证券研究报告 | 金融工程 2025 年 12 月 14 日 择时信号再度转弱，短期仍以防御为主 ——A 股趋势与风格定量观察 20251214 1. 当前市场观察 ❑ 择时上，从上周中性偏乐观的观点转向中性偏谨慎；风格上，仍维持大盘风 格占优观点。建议短期仍以防御策略为主： 1）内外部流动性风险暂缓，但利好落已落地，后续影响或走弱。外部流动 性上，美联储降息落地，虽后续降息路径仍存分歧，但重启 RMP 时间点超 预期，短期流动性压力缓解。且日本央行虽有概率于下周末加息，但在美元 普遍存在走弱预期的情况下，此次加息影响或弱于 2024 年。内部流动性 上，本周 A 股日均成交额有所回升，且保险公司相关风险因子调整、重要会 议结束以及债市初步企稳后，国内流动性压力略有缓释。不过，上述均为前 期市场交易重点，虽整体结果偏向乐观，但后续利好效应或边际减弱。 2）交易层面未明显改善，且 11 月基本面数据仍呈结构性改善，叠加年底日 历效应，目前风险偏好或难大幅提升。虽然本周 A 股日均成交额从前一周的 1.7 万亿回升至 1.9 万亿，但是从定量指标上来看，当前标准化交易量能指标 仍处于过去 5 年中位数水平之下，仍 ...

文 | 银行螺丝钉 （转载请注明出处） 今天大盘整体上涨，截止到收盘，还在4.2星。 大中小盘股都上涨，小盘股上涨略多。 现金流等价值风格上涨。 成长风格也整体上涨。 今天收盘后，也是12月份指数调仓的时间。 等下周一看到的估值，也就是指数调仓后的了。 港股今天上涨比A股多一些。 港股科技股领涨。 螺丝钉也汇总了港股指数的估值，供参考。 这也跟A股的风格轮动有关。 1. 最近价值风格出现了一些波动。 A股经常出现成长、价值风格的轮动。 （1）今年三季度是成长风格比较强势。 创业板指，在今年3季度，创下最近10年，最大单季度涨幅。 价值风格三季度也上涨，但涨幅就没有成长风格这么多。 （2）到了10-11月，成长风格短期出现大幅回调。 创业板指从3331点，短期下跌到11月24日的2892点，回调13.2%。 科创50波动更大一些，回调了20%。 同期价值风格没有太大波动。 价值、红利等指数略微下跌；自由现金流指数，在10月初到11月24日，甚至还略微上涨了一些。 （3）到了12月，成长风格短期大幅下跌后，出现了反弹。 只是阶段性，成长和价值风格的表现会有强弱。 这也是A股的特点。 成长风格比较吸引市场眼球，短期 ...

文 | 银行螺丝钉 （转载请注明出处） 大中小盘股下跌，中小盘股下跌稍多。 价值风格整体下跌； 成长风格中，创业板指略微上涨。 市场还是风格轮动的。 10-11月，成长风格下跌超15%，价值风格下跌约5%上下。 到了12月，成长风格这几天比较强势，价值风格低迷。 风水轮流转。 港股今天也下跌。 波动比A股还大一些。 今天下跌后，港股科技、恒生科技也重新回到低估。 今天大盘整体下跌，截止到收盘，还在4.2星。 目前处在刚进入低估的位置。 1. [大吉大利，今天吃基] 第393期的螺丝钉定投实盘来啦。 时间：2025年12月9日 方案：定投买入 品种： 指数增强投顾组合： 回到正常估值，暂停定投，继续持有。后面回到低估后继续。 主动优选投顾组合：9553元 月薪宝投顾组合：10000元 最近市场上涨，本周发车金额有所降低 。 本周： · 指数增强组合回到正常估值，暂停定投，继续持有。后面回到低估后继续。 · 主动优选组合正常定投。不过主动优选距离正常估值也不远。 · 增加月薪宝组合投资，月薪宝底层是40%的股票+60%的债券。 月薪宝本身自带「低买高卖」的股债再平衡策略，自带止盈。本身波动风险小，比较稳健的参与市 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rarity and significance of the 5-star rating in the stock market, indicating it as a phase of the lowest valuation and highest investment value, which is often accompanied by extreme market conditions and investor sentiment shifts [1][2][24]. Market Conditions - The market has fluctuated from a low of 5.9 stars to around 4 stars, with the potential for further increases leading to a 3-star rating in the future [1]. - The 5-star rating is characterized by a significant drop in market valuation, often due to extreme events that impact investor sentiment [6][17]. Historical Context - Historical instances of 5-star ratings include notable crises such as the 2008 financial crisis, the 2012 European debt crisis, and the 2020 pandemic, where stock valuations plummeted significantly [18][22]. - The average occurrence of 5-star opportunities is estimated to be every 3-5 years, suggesting that over a 30-year investment horizon, there could be more than six such opportunities [8][24]. Market Dynamics - The article highlights that during most periods, the market does not reach particularly low valuations, as different sectors may perform well, leading to a lack of 5-star conditions [4][5]. - Bear markets typically hover around a 4-star rating, with extreme events causing significant market volatility that can lead to 5-star ratings [6][10]. Fundamental and Sentiment Cycles - The fundamental cycle indicates that corporate earnings growth is not consistent, contributing to market fluctuations [9][10]. - The sentiment cycle is described as the fastest-changing factor, where investor mood can shift dramatically, impacting market liquidity and participation [14][16]. Conclusion - While 5-star ratings are rare, they are expected to recur due to the cyclical nature of financial markets, emphasizing the importance of long-term investment strategies [24].

传统宏观因子、宏观周期的高维度体系构建 2025 年 12 月 08 日 金 融 工 程 高维宏观周期驱动风格、行业月报(2025/11):经济 景气下行、通胀细分项下行看好大盘价值风格 投资要点： 金 融 工 程 定 期 报 告 宏观因子变量的构建：将宏观指数分别对宽基指数、代理宏观变 量做回归，选取 t 值显著的细分宏观变量，用过去一年标准差倒数加权 构建宏观因子变量。采用单边 HP 滤波器对宏观经济数据进行调整，消 除短期波动对长期趋势判断的影响。基于滤波变量，分别用因子动量 划分宏观趋势（上行、下行）和用时序百分位划分宏观状态（高、中、 低位）。 宏观因子升维的必要性：宏观因子 A 对宽基、风格和行业的价格 传导在 A 的不同边际变化不一致，且宏观因子 A 在宏观因子 B 的不同 状态下驱动宽基、风格和行业的收益方向也不同。同一状态及其边际 变化所对应的周期混乱，我们需要将宏观变量的边际与状态结合，综 合考虑宏观变量的变化趋势和所处的时序排位。 多信号驱动下的指数择时、风格轮动 小盘全指择时：在库存处于中等向上水平时预测值最高，因此推 荐配置中证全指。 2012 年 1 月末起至 2025 年 11 ...

Quantitative Models and Construction Methods 1. Model Name: Short-term Timing Strategy - **Model Construction Idea**: The model is based on historical data and statistical rules to identify short-term market timing signals, combining macroeconomic, valuation, sentiment, and liquidity indicators to generate a comprehensive timing signal[16][17][19] - **Model Construction Process**: 1. **Macroeconomic Indicators**: - Manufacturing PMI: If PMI > 50, it gives a positive signal; otherwise, a cautious signal. - Credit Pulse: The YoY growth rate of medium- and long-term RMB loans is used, with a higher percentile indicating a positive signal. - M1 YoY Growth Rate: Filtered using HP filter; higher percentiles indicate a positive signal. 2. **Valuation Indicators**: - PE Median Percentile: A higher percentile indicates a cautious signal due to mean reversion. - PB Median Percentile: A higher percentile also indicates a cautious signal due to mean reversion. 3. **Sentiment Indicators**: - Beta Dispersion: Neutral signal if within a certain range. - Volume Sentiment Score: Lower percentiles indicate a cautious signal. - Volatility: Neutral signal if within a certain range. 4. **Liquidity Indicators**: - Money Market Rate: Lower percentiles indicate a positive signal. - Exchange Rate Expectation: A stronger RMB against the USD gives a positive signal. - 5-day average net financing amount: Lower percentiles indicate a positive signal. 5. Combine all signals to generate a comprehensive timing signal[16][17][19] - **Model Evaluation**: The model demonstrates significant improvement over the benchmark strategy, with higher annualized returns, lower maximum drawdown, and better Sharpe ratio[18][21] 2. Model Name: Growth-Value Style Rotation Model - **Model Construction Idea**: The model uses a quantitative economic mid-cycle analysis framework, incorporating profitability, interest rate, and credit cycles to determine the relative attractiveness of growth versus value styles[26][27] - **Model Construction Process**: 1. **Macroeconomic Indicators**: - Profitability Cycle Slope: A steeper slope favors growth. - Interest Rate Cycle Level: Higher levels favor value. - Credit Cycle Strength: A stronger credit cycle favors growth. 2. **Valuation Indicators**: - Growth-Value PE Spread: A higher 5-year percentile indicates a preference for growth. - Growth-Value PB Spread: A higher 5-year percentile also indicates a preference for growth. 3. **Sentiment Indicators**: - Turnover Spread: A higher 5-year percentile indicates a preference for growth. - Volatility Spread: A higher 5-year percentile indicates a balanced preference for both growth and value. 4. Combine all signals to generate a comprehensive style rotation signal[26][27][28] - **Model Evaluation**: The strategy has shown significant improvement over the benchmark, with higher annualized returns, lower maximum drawdown, and better Sharpe ratio. However, in 2025, the strategy underperformed the benchmark slightly[27][29] 3. Model Name: Small-Cap vs. Large-Cap Style Rotation Model - **Model Construction Idea**: The model is based on 11 effective rotation indicators, including liquidity, sentiment, and valuation metrics, to determine the relative attractiveness of small-cap versus large-cap styles[30] - **Model Construction Process**: 1. **Indicators Used**: - Indicators such as R007, financing balance changes, trading volume, and sentiment metrics are analyzed. - For each indicator, a signal is generated to favor either small-cap or large-cap styles. 2. **Comprehensive Signal**: - Combine all individual signals into a comprehensive small-cap or large-cap rotation signal. - The model currently favors large-cap due to weak small-cap indicators such as low trading volume and negative sentiment[30][32] - **Model Evaluation**: The strategy has consistently generated positive annual excess returns since 2014, with a significant improvement over the benchmark in terms of annualized returns and maximum drawdown[31][32] --- Model Backtesting Results 1. Short-term Timing Strategy - Annualized Return: 16.41% - Annualized Volatility: 14.81% - Maximum Drawdown: 14.07% - Sharpe Ratio: 0.9655 - Return-to-Drawdown Ratio: 1.1667 - Monthly Win Rate: 66.24% - Quarterly Win Rate: 60.38% - Annual Win Rate: 78.57%[18][21] 2. Growth-Value Style Rotation Model - Annualized Return: 12.74% - Annualized Volatility: 20.80% - Maximum Drawdown: 43.07% - Sharpe Ratio: 0.5853 - Return-to-Drawdown Ratio: 0.2958 - Monthly Win Rate: 58.33% - Quarterly Win Rate: 59.62%[29] 3. Small-Cap vs. Large-Cap Style Rotation Model - Annualized Return: 19.73% - Annualized Excess Return: 12.67% - Maximum Drawdown: 40.70% - Average Turnover Interval: 20 trading days - Win Rate (per trade): 49.57%[32]

大中盘股微涨，小盘股下跌。 价值风格略微下跌。 今天大盘中证全指略微上涨，波动不大，截止到收盘，还在4.3星。 文 | 银行螺丝钉 （转载请注明出处） 创业板科创板等成长风格上涨。 港股科技类指数，昨天下跌回到低估。 今天港股科技、恒生科技上涨较多，回到正常偏低的估值。 1. 有朋友问，西格尔教授的《投资者的未来》，这本书的数据基于1957到2003年的数据，显示用高股息、低市盈率策略，可以跑赢大盘指数。 这种策略有对应的基金吗，在A股有效吗？ 其实这种策略，在指数基金中，历史很悠久。 例如： ·高股息率策略，对应的是红利类指数。 ·低市盈率、低市净率策略，对应的是价值指数。例如300价值、中证价值等。 后来，还演化出很多其他的、类似价值策略的品种： 2. 相对来说，价值策略这几年在A股的效果，比美股市场更明显。 A股价值指数最有代表性的是300价值和中证红利。 我们以300价值指数为例。 如果加上分红，从2004年底，到2024年12月底收盘， 300价值全收益指数，从1000点涨到了9147点。大约上涨915%。 300价值是从沪深300中挑选低估值的股票，并定期调整。 对比同期的沪深300，从1000点 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Q4 style rotation model indicates signals for small-cap and growth stocks, with a focus on sectors such as electric equipment and renewable energy for December [1][2]. Style Rotation Model - The Q4 style rotation model has issued signals favoring small-cap stocks, with a comprehensive score of -1 for the dual-driven rotation strategy as of September 30, 2025 [3]. - The value-growth style rotation model shows a comprehensive score of -3 for the dual-driven rotation strategy, indicating a preference for growth stocks [4]. Industry Rotation Insights - In November, the composite factor strategy yielded an excess return of -0.58%, while the single-factor long strategy had an excess return of -0.83% [4]. - For December, the single-factor long strategy recommends bullish sectors including banking, construction, non-bank financials, and electric equipment and renewable energy. The composite factor strategy suggests bullish sectors such as telecommunications, comprehensive finance, computer technology, electric equipment and renewable energy, and utilities [4].

Market Overview - A-shares experienced a decline today, with the Shanghai Composite Index down 0.51% to 3878.00 points, the Shenzhen Component Index down 0.78%, the ChiNext Index down 1.12%, and the STAR Market Index down 0.95% [1][10] - The trading volume in the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets was approximately 16699.62 billion yuan, an increase of about 765.32 billion yuan compared to the previous trading day [1][10] - The market showed a low risk appetite, with 1443 stocks rising and 3876 stocks falling [1][10] Sector Performance - Dividend sectors performed well today, with transportation, non-ferrous metals, oil, mining, and coal showing positive results [1][10] - High-volatility sectors, including gaming, film and television, new energy vehicles, and computers, underperformed [1][10] - The market style showed that small-cap stocks lagged behind large-cap stocks, and growth stocks underperformed value stocks [1][10] Economic Outlook - The current macroeconomic state is characterized by a transition between old and new growth drivers, with a "K" shaped economic recovery [2][10] - Three sectors with growth potential identified are technology (AI revolution, policy support, overseas mapping), upstream anti-involution (solar, lithium batteries), and exports (global manufacturing recovery, positive overseas fiscal expectations) [2][10] - The technology and upstream sectors are still on an upward trend but carry risks due to previous significant gains [2][10] Investment Recommendations - Investors are advised to maintain a balanced allocation strategy, utilizing the "seesaw effect" to hedge daily volatility and optimize holding experiences [10] - Suggested ETFs for potential opportunities include non-ferrous metals 60 ETF (159881), mining ETF (561330), chemical leading ETF (516220), and industrial mother machine ETF (159667) [2][10] - As a hedging option, cash flow ETF (159399) is recommended [2][10] Bond Market Insights - The recent bond market environment shows a divergence between macro conditions and trading sentiment, with a weak nominal growth rate and a low interest rate environment supported by macro realities [7][16] - The People's Bank of China announced the purchase and sale of 50 billion yuan in government bonds, with the 30-year government bond yield rising by 2.40 basis points to 2.23% [14][16] - Financial institutions maintain a moderately optimistic outlook for the bond market in December, with a downward trend in funding rates observed since November [16][8]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating information is provided in the report. 2. Report's Core View - The recovery signal of the fundamental situation still needs to be observed, the momentum factor remains bearish, and the market sentiment is rising from a low level. It is recommended to maintain an under - allocation of equity assets. In the short - term style, the small - cap style is expected to dominate in December, and the growth style will continue to dominate. It is recommended to focus on small - cap and growth styles. For fixed - income + funds, it is recommended to focus on relatively stable varieties, and for bond funds, focus on short - duration varieties [2][74]. 3. Summary According to the Catalog 11 - month Review Stock Market - A - shares declined, with the Shanghai Composite Index falling 1.67% and the Science and Technology Innovation 50 falling 6.24%. The Dow Jones Index rose 0.32%, and the Nasdaq Index fell 1.51%. Affected by concerns about the valuation of the US stock AI sector and the volatility of the Fed's interest - rate cut expectations, A - shares and Hong Kong stocks declined, and US stocks fluctuated [8][13]. Bond Market - US bond yields declined, with the 1 - year US bond yield dropping to 3.61% and the 10 - year US bond yield dropping to 4.02%. Domestic bond yields rose, with the 1 - year Treasury yield rising to 1.40% and the 10 - year Treasury yield rising to 1.84%, and the term spread widened. The decline in US bond yields was due to the volatility of the Fed's interest - rate cut expectations, while the rise in domestic bond yields was because the central bank's Treasury purchase volume was lower than expected [8][17]. Foreign Exchange Market - The US dollar index declined to 99.44, and the RMB appreciated. The on - shore exchange rate of the US dollar against the RMB rose to 7.08, and the off - shore exchange rate rose to 7.07. The decline in the US dollar index was due to the continuous volatility of the Fed's interest - rate cut expectations, and the RMB appreciation was supported by the weakening of the US dollar and the strong domestic economic fundamentals [20]. Commodity Market - Crude oil prices fell to $63.2 per barrel. Domestic commodity prices rose slightly after fluctuations, and overseas commodity prices fell overall after rising first and then falling. Among domestic commodities, precious metals and grains led the gains, while coal, coking, steel, minerals, agricultural and sideline products, non - metallic building materials, non - ferrous metals, energy, and chemicals declined [25]. Fund Market - The performance of the fund market in November was poor. The issuance scale increased to 94.6 billion yuan, a 31% increase from the previous month. Structurally, the issuance scale of equity funds was 45.3 billion yuan, a 30% increase from the previous month, accounting for 48% of the total issuance. ETF funds had a net inflow of 100.9 billion yuan (excluding money funds), and LOF funds had a net outflow of 320 million yuan. Among them, equity - type ETF products had a net inflow of 32.3 billion yuan, and equity - type LOF products had a net outflow of 440 million yuan. Active equity funds increased their positions in dividend, value - potential, and prosperous styles and reduced their positions in quality styles [30][36][37]. 12 - month Outlook Overseas Environment - The market's expectation of the Fed's interest - rate cut within the year fluctuated significantly, and the market expected the Fed to cut interest rates in December. The probability of the Fed cutting interest rates in December increased to over 80%. US bond yields first rose and then fell, with an overall decline [43]. Domestic Environment - The private - sector financing growth rate continued to decline, and the inflation factor rebounded from a low level. It is recommended to maintain an under - allocation of equity assets as the economic recovery signal still needs to be observed, and the momentum factor remains bearish [47]. Trading Perspective - The stock - market odds were close to the three - year average, and the A - share market sentiment was rising from a low level but had not yet returned to the optimistic range [48][52]. Market Style - The growth - value style rotation model shows that the market factor, US bond yield, and style momentum are all favorable for growth, and the growth style will continue to dominate. The small - large - cap style rotation model shows that the current credit environment, monetary environment, and long - and short - term style momentum all recommend the small - cap style [59][64]. Hong Kong Stock Market - The number of macro - indicators bullish on Hong Kong stocks decreased compared with last month. The model recommends an under - allocation of Hong Kong stocks as the private - sector financing growth rate, Hong Kong dollar M2 growth rate, and Chinese sovereign CDS spread are bearish, although the US dollar index and south - bound funds are bullish [68]. Domestic Bond Market - Short - term liquidity remained in a tight balance, and long - term interest rates rose. It is recommended to focus on short - duration bond funds as short - term bonds have better opportunities than long - term bonds [71]. Fund Allocation Strategy - It is recommended to maintain an under - allocation of equity assets and focus on small - cap and growth styles. For fixed - income + funds, focus on relatively stable varieties, and for bond funds, focus on short - duration varieties. Recommended funds include Dongwu Mobile Internet (001323.OF, medium - high risk), CITIC Prudential Multi - Strategy (165531.OF, medium - high risk), Harvest New Consumption (001044.OF, medium - high risk), BOC Steady Income (380009.OF, medium risk), and Penghua Stable Short - Term Bond (007515.OF) [2][74].