↑点击上面图片 加雪球核心交流群 ↑ 最近两周上证指数持续上涨，市场情绪也比较热，很多人都抱着害怕错过的心态开始更激进的涌 入市场，生怕慢人一步。在这个看似遍地黄金的时刻，霍华德·马克斯《投资中最重要的事》中的 智慧犹如一剂清醒剂，提醒我们： 市场大涨时，最危险的不是错过机会，而是忘记风险 。 本文整理霍华德·马克斯投资智慧的50条精华，让我们在狂热市场中保持清醒，把握投资本质。 01 理解市场本质：周期永恒，人性不变 第二层思维法则：当大多数人想"市场大涨，必须跟进"时，你需要思考："大涨已经反映了多少乐 观预期？这种乐观是否已经过度？" 市场有效性局限：当前的市场定价真的合理吗？还是已经被群体情绪推高到非理性区域？ 钟摆理论精髓：市场情绪就像钟摆，在乐观与悲观间摆动，很少停留在理性中点。当前钟摆正摆 向乐观极端。 周期必然性认知：树不会长到天上，市场也不会只涨不跌。牛市之后必有熊市，这是亘古不变的 规律。 识别市场位置：比预测未来更重要的是认清现在。当前市场处于周期的哪个位置？是早期、中期 还是晚期？ 风险源头洞察：高风险主要来自购买价格过高的资产，而非资产本身质量。 感知风险与真实风险：当人人感觉风险很 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Shanghai Composite Index is approaching 3700 points, with a potential to break the 3731.69 points high from February 18, 2021, marking a new 10-year high [1] Market Performance - Just over four months ago, on April 7, the index had dropped by 7.34%, with intraday losses exceeding 9%, which was an unexpected "golden opportunity" for investors [1] - In early 2024, the index fell below 2700 points, leading to a state of panic in the market, but after significant buying from the Central Huijin Investment, the market saw a recovery [1] Historical Context - The A-share market has experienced multiple cycles over its 34-year history, with investors often acting contrary to market trends—selling at lows and buying at highs [2] - Historical patterns show that many investors are hesitant at market bottoms and overly aggressive at tops, leading to significant losses [2] Investor Behavior - The market is influenced by human emotions, which can lead to irrational behavior, deviating from rational decision-making [3] - Successful investors often capitalize on market cycles by acting contrary to prevailing sentiments—being greedy when others are fearful and vice versa [3] Recent Trends - Investors who were willing to buy in the past few months have seen returns, highlighting the importance of understanding market cycles and maintaining an optimistic outlook for future gains [4]

Core Insights - The article discusses the disparity in fundraising success among companies within the same industry, highlighting that capital tends to favor valuable companies while neglecting those in need [1][3]. Group 1: Timing of Fundraising - The timing of fundraising is crucial for success, with specific "valuable time periods" identified for companies to secure funding [4][5]. - Companies should seize opportunities during market upswings, such as when the industry is thriving or when there are favorable policies and active capital markets [6]. - Avoiding fundraising during market downturns is essential, as valuations can plummet and terms become excessively stringent [7]. Group 2: Key Milestones - Significant company milestones can enhance fundraising prospects, such as achieving major breakthroughs, launching core products, securing key clients, or meeting critical financial metrics [8]. - Companies on the verge of explosive growth should capitalize on clear market opportunities to secure funding that can facilitate rapid expansion [9]. Group 3: Health Indicators - Companies should maintain healthy financial indicators before seeking funding, including sufficient cash flow, strong business metrics, and a stable, effective team [10]. - It is advised not to wait until cash flow is critically low to seek funding, as this can lead to unfavorable negotiation positions and terms [10].

Group 1 - Tesla's stock has dropped 43% since reaching an all-time high, yet it remains one of the most highly valued stocks in the current market environment [1][2] - The current market cycle is characterized by investor sentiment and capital availability, with a long bull market that began in March 2009 [1][2] - The stock market's cyclical nature makes it difficult to predict downturns, but experienced investors can sense the current stage of the cycle [2][3] Group 2 - Tesla's current price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is 115, indicating that it is overvalued and may not sustain long-term growth [5][8] - Total automotive revenues for Tesla have shown a decline of 6% year-over-year, while total revenues have only increased by 1% in the last fiscal year [6][7] - Free cash flow and net profit have decreased by over 50% compared to previous years, highlighting increasing competition in the electric vehicle market [7][8] Group 3 - Tesla's market share in Europe has dropped significantly, with sales falling by 42.6% year-over-year, indicating challenges in maintaining growth [8] - The company faces risks from Elon Musk's diversions to other ventures, which may impact Tesla's focus and performance [7][10] - The automotive industry is characterized by high capital intensity and cyclical demand, making it a challenging environment for long-term investment [7][10] Group 4 - Historical examples, such as Amazon and Microsoft, illustrate that high P/E ratios do not guarantee investor returns, as many investors suffered significant losses during market corrections [9][10] - The future potential of Tesla's innovations, such as autonomous driving and robotics, remains uncertain, with profitability being the key concern [10] - The automotive sector is highly competitive and capital-intensive, suggesting that now may be a prudent time to exit investments in Tesla [10]

Core Insights - The key to investment success lies not in buying good companies, but in buying at the right time [2][9] - Unique success can only be achieved by doing what others are unwilling to do, and ensuring positive outcomes [11] Group 1: Investment Philosophy - The main challenge is not how to exit a successful investment, but how to patiently hold onto an unsuccessful one [3][13] - Strong psychological resilience and emotional control are essential for executing investment strategies [13] - Selling decisions should not be based solely on price fluctuations; a thorough re-evaluation of the investment is necessary [4][15] Group 2: Market Cycles - Market cycles are inevitable, stemming from excessive behaviors that are often emotional and psychological [5][18] - The reality of economic fluctuations is minor compared to the significant volatility in stock prices driven by investor emotions [19][20] - Recognizing the traps of overconfidence is crucial for navigating market cycles [17][21] Group 3: Uncertainty and Preparation - There is no certainty in the investment industry; acknowledging what is unknown is vital for success [6][21][25] - Successful preparation involves being ready for a range of outcomes rather than a single predicted scenario [29][27] - The importance of intellectual humility is emphasized, as believing one knows everything can lead to failure [26][25]