Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) emphasizes the need for monetary policy to support the real economy, enhance financial stability, and address challenges in domestic demand and low inflation levels [3][4][5]. Monetary Policy and Economic Environment - The PBOC's monetary policy has been moderately loose this year, with a focus on counter-cyclical adjustments and the effective use of various monetary policy tools to support high-quality economic development [3][4]. - The loan market quotation rate reform is showing positive effects, and the social financing costs are at historically low levels [3]. - The external economic environment is becoming more complex, with weakening global growth and increasing trade barriers, while domestic economic performance shows steady improvement [3][4]. Financial Sector Support - Large banks are encouraged to play a leading role in serving the real economy, while small and medium-sized banks should focus on their core responsibilities and enhance capital strength [5][6]. - Structural monetary policy tools will be effectively implemented to support key areas such as technological innovation, consumption, small and micro enterprises, and foreign trade [5][6]. - Continuous support for the development of the private economy and small enterprises is emphasized, with efforts to remove financing obstacles for small and micro businesses [5][6]. Real Estate Market Stability - The PBOC aims to stabilize the real estate market by enhancing the financial infrastructure and revitalizing existing properties and land [5][6]. - The meeting highlights the importance of implementing existing financial policies effectively to maintain stability in the real estate sector [5][6]. Policy Implementation and Coordination - The PBOC plans to strengthen monetary policy adjustments, ensuring that the implementation of policies is timely and effective [4][6]. - There is a focus on maintaining liquidity, guiding financial institutions to increase credit supply, and ensuring that social financing growth aligns with economic growth and price stability [4][6]. - The meeting underscores the need for macroeconomic policy coordination to enhance domestic demand and stabilize expectations [6].

Group 1 - The overall fiscal revenue in China for the first eight months of this year is approximately 17.5 trillion yuan, remaining stable compared to the same period last year [1][3] - The broad fiscal expenditure reached about 24.2 trillion yuan, showing a year-on-year growth of approximately 8.2%, with a deficit of about 6.7 trillion yuan, which is a 42% increase year-on-year [1][5] - The fiscal expenditure growth rate has slowed down significantly in August, with a year-on-year increase of only 6%, down 6.1 percentage points from July [6] Group 2 - The National Development and Reform Commission plans to establish new policy financial tools to address the capital shortage for project construction, with an expected scale of 500 billion yuan [2][7] - The new policy financial tools are designed to supplement project capital and leverage additional financing, focusing on areas such as technological innovation and consumption upgrades [7][8] - The issuance of local government special bonds has accelerated, with a net financing of 1.027 trillion yuan in the first eight months, which is an increase of 463 billion yuan year-on-year [5][10] Group 3 - Tax revenue for the first eight months is approximately 12.1 trillion yuan, showing a slight increase of 0.02%, marking the first positive growth in tax revenue this year [3][4] - The revenue from government funds is about 2.7 trillion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 1.4%, primarily due to a decline in land sales revenue [4][5] - The fiscal policy is expected to become more proactive, with suggestions to issue an additional 1 trillion yuan in local government bonds to alleviate hidden debt risks [10][11]

Core Viewpoint - The new policy financial tool, with an initial scale of 500 billion yuan, aims to support projects across eight key sectors, with a portion of the funds allocated specifically for private enterprises, indicating a strong governmental commitment to bolster the private economy [1][3]. Group 1: Financial Tool Characteristics - The new policy financial tool is characterized by its fiscal support nature, with funding potentially sourced from the central bank's pledged supplementary lending (PSL) at a low interest rate of 2%, and possibly even lower than 1% due to central government subsidies [2][3]. - This tool is designed to address the capital shortage in local projects, which has been a bottleneck for the effective use of special bonds [1][2]. Group 2: Investment Potential - The 500 billion yuan financial tool is expected to leverage investments up to 5 trillion yuan, significantly enhancing the funding available for various projects [2][3]. - The tool's implementation could lead to a broad expansion of credit, potentially increasing infrastructure investment growth by approximately 2 percentage points within the year [7]. Group 3: Focus Areas - The financial tool will prioritize eight sectors, including digital economy, artificial intelligence, low-altitude economy, consumer infrastructure, green and low-carbon transition, agriculture, transportation and logistics, and municipal and industrial parks [3][5]. - A specific allocation of 100 billion yuan is designated to support private enterprises, reflecting the government's commitment to fostering private sector growth [3]. Group 4: Implementation Timeline - The preparation for the new financial tool has progressed significantly, with project applications and local government initiatives underway, indicating a potential rollout in the third quarter [6][8]. - If launched in the third quarter, the tool could play a crucial role in stimulating economic growth amid a challenging economic environment [6][7].

Group 1: Domestic Policy Developments - The article published in "Qiushi" emphasizes the importance of building a unified national market as a major decision by the central government, necessary for constructing a new development pattern and enhancing international competitiveness [9][10] - The State Council meeting led by Premier Li Qiang discussed the implementation of the national ecological environment protection conference, highlighting that the construction of a beautiful China is a long-term systematic project requiring sustained efforts [11][12] - The People's Bank of China adjusted the 14-day reverse repurchase operation to a multi-price bidding system to maintain liquidity in the banking system [22][25] Group 2: Economic Indicators and Market Analysis - In the A-share market, major indices remained stable in the third week of September, with the CSI 100 and ChiNext indices rising by 1.08% and 2.34% respectively, while the Shanghai Composite Index fell by 1.3% [23] - The central bank's net fund injection was 11,923 billion yuan, indicating a slight tightening of liquidity in the market [3][26] - Economic data for August showed a year-on-year industrial value-added growth of 5.2%, while retail sales increased by 3.4%, suggesting a need for counter-cyclical policy adjustments [26][30] Group 3: International Policy Developments - President Xi Jinping's phone call with President Trump focused on stabilizing Sino-US relations and addressing mutual concerns, indicating a constructive dialogue [14][15] - The Federal Reserve's decision to lower interest rates by 25 basis points after nine months reflects a shift in monetary policy, with the target range now at 4.00%-4.25% [16][19] - The Fed's updated economic growth forecast for 2025 was raised by 0.2 percentage points to 1.6%, indicating a more optimistic outlook [19][21]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The negative impact of US tariff policies is gradually emerging, international trade activities are slowing down, and the global economy will still face downward pressure. The Fed's monetary policy has returned to the interest rate cut cycle, but the reduction of the balance sheet continues, which may lead to a shortage of US dollar liquidity and financial de - leveraging. The stock markets of major developed countries such as Europe and the United States are at historical highs, and asset prices are at risk of being re - evaluated. - China's economic recovery foundation is not solid, with fixed - asset investment growth continuing to decline and consumption growth slowing marginally. Only industrial production remains at a high level. Macroeconomic policies need to strengthen counter - cyclical adjustment, and the proactive fiscal policy is being accelerated, while the monetary policy will remain moderately loose. - In the fourth quarter, the valuation of stock indices will be supported by risk appetite at the denominator end, but stock indices should still be treated with a wide - range oscillation mindset before corporate profits improve significantly. The restart of the Fed's interest rate cut cycle will narrow the Sino - US interest rate spread, giving more room for China's monetary policy, and the yield of 10 - year treasury bonds is expected to decline. The uncertainty of US tariff policies is gradually fading, and the international geopolitical situation is expected to ease. Gold is at risk of a deep adjustment [2]. Summary According to Relevant Catalogs Overseas Macroeconomic Outlook - **Market Performance in Q3 2025**: Global stock markets rose in resonance, with the Dow Jones, S&P 500, and Nasdaq reaching new highs. Commodities such as coal, steel, and non - ferrous metals rebounded. Gold broke through upwards after 4 months of consolidation, with London spot gold approaching $3,800 per ounce, up more than 40% for the year [4]. - **Outlook for Q4**: The negative impact of US tariff policies will further appear, the Fed is expected to cut interest rates twice in Q4, and the global economy will face downward pressure. If the US job market weakens further, the Fed may shift from "preventive" to "relief" interest rate cuts. Global stock markets may face asset value re - evaluation risks [5]. - **US Situation**: Employment pressure is increasing, and the Fed's monetary policy has returned to the interest rate cut cycle. In August, the ISM manufacturing PMI was 48.7, the consumer confidence index dropped to 58.2, new non - farm employment was 22,000, and the unemployment rate rose to 4.3%. The Fed cut the federal funds rate by 25 basis points in September, and the dot - plot shows two more cuts this year [7][9]. - **European Situation**: The European Central Bank suspended interest rate cuts in September, and the benchmark interest rate is approaching the neutral level. The eurozone economy has warmed up, with the manufacturing PMI returning to the expansion range, low unemployment, and stable inflation [11][14]. - **Japanese Situation**: The Japanese economy maintains a moderate recovery, and the central bank maintains a slow interest rate hike rhythm. In August, the manufacturing PMI rose to 49.9, the consumer confidence index reached a new high, the unemployment rate dropped to 2.3%, and inflation remained above 2% [16][19]. Domestic Economic Situation Analysis - **Overall Situation in Q3 2025**: Affected by US tariff policies, China's economic downward pressure has emerged again, with fixed - asset investment declining, consumption growth slowing, and only industrial production remaining high. The foundation of economic recovery is not solid, and demand is insufficient [21]. - **Negative Impact of US Tariff Policies**: In August, the official manufacturing PMI was 49.4, still in the contraction range. From January to August, fixed - asset investment growth slowed, industrial production slowed slightly but remained high, consumption growth slowed, CPI turned negative, PPI decline narrowed, and foreign trade growth slowed [23][25]. - **Fiscal and Monetary Policies**: The proactive fiscal policy is being accelerated, with super - long - term special treasury bonds and local special bonds mostly issued. The monetary policy will remain loose, and there is more room for operation with the Fed's interest rate cuts. Deposit rates are expected to be cut, and there may be a 0.5 - percentage - point reserve requirement ratio cut in Q4 [31][33]. Asset Allocation - **Stock Indices**: Corporate profits are still declining, and the inventory cycle is in the active de - stocking stage. There is still room for the risk - free rate to decline, and there are many positive factors affecting risk appetite. In Q4, stock indices are likely to oscillate widely, and the key is whether corporate profits can improve significantly [38][39]. - **Bonds**: The negative impact of US tariff policies is emerging, and the Fed is expected to cut interest rates twice. The Sino - US interest rate spread will narrow, and China's monetary policy has more room. The yield of 10 - year treasury bonds may decline [40]. - **Gold**: In the medium - to - long - term, gold prices depend on the US dollar and real interest rates. In Q4, as trade policy uncertainty decreases and geopolitical tensions ease, gold may face a deep adjustment due to factors such as the strengthening of the US dollar and high real interest rates [41][42].

Macroeconomic Data Overview - The GDP growth rate for the second quarter of 2025 is reported at 5.20%, a decrease from 5.40% in the previous quarter and an increase from 4.70% in the same period last year [1] - The Manufacturing PMI for August 2025 is at 49.40, slightly up from 49.30 in July and up from 49.10 year-on-year [1] - The Non-Manufacturing PMI for August 2025 is at 50.30, showing a slight increase from 50.10 in July and unchanged from the previous year [1] - The total social financing scale for August 2025 is reported at 25,668 billion yuan, a significant increase from 11,307 million yuan in July and a decrease from 30,323 million yuan year-on-year [1] - The CPI for August 2025 shows a year-on-year decrease of 0.40%, compared to 0.00% in July and 0.60% last year [1] - The PPI for August 2025 shows a year-on-year decrease of 2.90%, an improvement from a decrease of 3.60% in July and a decrease of 1.80% last year [1] Commodity Investment Reference - Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell indicated that stock prices are currently overvalued but stated that financial stability risks are not high at this time [2] - The U.S. White House's cryptocurrency committee executive director expects the cryptocurrency market structure bill to pass by the end of the year, which aims to consolidate various legislative efforts [2] - The SEC chairman expressed hopes for a new "innovation exemption" rule to be introduced by the end of the year, allowing cryptocurrency companies to launch products more easily [2] Metals - As of September 23, the SPDR Gold Trust holds 32,169,273.34 ounces (1,000.57 tons) of gold, unchanged from the previous trading day [4] - International precious metal futures saw a general increase, with COMEX gold futures rising by 0.58% to $3,796.9 per ounce and COMEX silver futures increasing by 0.12% to $44.265 per ounce [4] Steel Industry - A notice from five departments outlines a growth stabilization plan for the steel industry for 2025-2026, emphasizing the acceleration of key iron ore projects and supporting compliant mining enterprises [6] - The steel industry aims for an average annual growth rate of 4% over the next two years, with a strict prohibition on new capacity [7] Energy and Chemicals - International oil prices have risen sharply, with U.S. crude oil main contract up by 2.20% to $63.65 per barrel and Brent crude oil main contract up by 1.85% to $67.19 per barrel [8] - The Russian government is discussing extending the export ban on gasoline producers until October and is considering a possible ban on diesel exports [8] - Kuwait's oil minister noted a recovery in global oil demand as oil inventories fall below the five-year average [8] Agricultural Products - The Malaysian Palm Oil Council indicates that upward price potential is limited due to weak demand, while uncertainties in export supply provide some support [10] - Brazil's agriculture ministry announced the reopening of the EU market for Brazilian chicken following an outbreak of avian influenza [10] Financial Market Overview - The central bank conducted a reverse repurchase operation of 276.1 billion yuan on September 23, with a net withdrawal of 10.9 billion yuan for the day [11] - The People's Bank of China governor met with Ray Dalio to discuss international economic conditions and financial market dynamics [12] - Concerns over local government special bond risks have drawn attention from the National People's Congress, highlighting the rapid growth of government debt [13] Stock Market News - The A-share market experienced wide fluctuations, with major banks showing stability and significant gains in semiconductor equipment and photolithography concepts [27] - The Hong Kong Hang Seng Index closed down 0.7%, with declines in consumer, real estate, and healthcare sectors [27] - Since the release of the "merger and acquisition six guidelines," over 2,800 A-share companies have disclosed M&A activities, with a notable increase in transactions in the semiconductor sector [27]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided. 2. Core View The bond market is expected to oscillate in the medium term due to the combination of supply - demand factors and the stock - bond seesaw effect. Economic recovery in September is a long - term negative for the bond market, and the stock - bond seesaw logic may have a significant impact on the bond market. The operation of the bond market is likely to face increased difficulty [2][3][28]. 3. Summary by Directory Chapter 1: Market Review - In the third quarter, the accelerated pace of fiscal bond issuance and the tight balance of liquidity have a bearish impact on the bond market. The stock - bond seesaw logic has led the long - end bond market into a continuous downward trend, but this logic has become less obvious under the background of loose liquidity, increasing the difficulty of market operation [9]. Chapter 2: Overview of Important News - The second re - issuance of the fourth tranche of China's ultra - long - term special treasury bonds in 2025 has completed the tendering, with the overall issuance scale reaching 114.8 billion yuan and the issuance progress at 88.3% [10]. - At the end of August, M2 increased by 8.8% year - on - year, M1 increased by 6% year - on - year, and the M1 - M2 gap narrowed to - 2.8%, the lowest since June 2021 [10]. - Affected by the high base and food prices, China's CPI in August was flat month - on - month, down 0.4% year - on - year, the core CPI increased by 0.9% year - on - year, and the increase has expanded for the fourth consecutive month. PPI was down 2.9% year - on - year, with the decline narrowing by 0.7 percentage points from the previous month, and flat month - on - month, ending eight consecutive months of decline [14]. - In August, China's exports denominated in US dollars were up 4.4% year - on - year, lower than the Bloomberg consensus forecast of 5%, and imports were up 1.3% year - on - year, lower than the Bloomberg consensus forecast of 3% [14]. - The central bank adjusted the 14 - day reverse repurchase operation in the open market to fixed - quantity, interest - rate tendering, and multi - price winning bids, with the operation time and scale determined according to liquidity management needs [13]. - Market expectations for the restart of the central bank's treasury bond trading operations are gradually rising [14]. Chapter 3: Analysis of Important Influencing Factors 3.1 Economic Fundamentals - China's economic prosperity generally continued to expand. In August, the official manufacturing PMI, non - manufacturing PMI, and composite PMI were 49.4%, 50.3%, and 50.5% respectively, up 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 percentage points month - on - month. The GDP in the second quarter was up 5.2% year - on - year and 1.1% quarter - on - quarter, both exceeding expectations. The economic data in August shows that the endogenous driving force of the economy is strengthening, and if counter - cyclical regulation continues to increase, the economic fundamentals will be bearish for the bond market in the long term [15]. 3.2 Policy Front - At the end of August, M2 increased by 8.8% year - on - year, M1 increased by 6% year - on - year, and the M1 - M2 gap narrowed to - 2.8%. The social financing stock reached 43.126 trillion yuan, up 9% year - on - year, with a slight increase of 0.1 percentage point in the growth rate. The narrowing of the M1 - M2 gap in August indicates strengthened economic activities [17]. 3.3 Capital Front - Since July 25, DR007 has been declining, reducing the cost of funds. The central bank will implement a moderately loose monetary policy to maintain sufficient liquidity. The Fed's interest rate cut in the second half of the year may open up more space for domestic monetary policy easing, but the adjustment of domestic monetary policy still depends on domestic demand. The probability of an unexpectedly loose monetary policy is low unless the economic downward pressure increases suddenly [17]. 3.4 Supply - Demand Front - The National Development and Reform Commission will allocate the third batch of funds for consumer goods trade - in this year and formulate a monthly and weekly plan for the use of national subsidy funds. The support from ultra - long - term special treasury bonds for equipment renewal is 200 billion yuan, with the first batch of about 173 billion yuan already allocated. The issuance of special bonds has accelerated recently, and the market is waiting for the effects and implementation of relevant policies [21]. 3.5 Sentiment Front - The stock - bond ratio has broken through the short - term oscillation range, indicating that the market pays more attention to the stock market and the risk appetite has increased. Although the stock - bond ratio has slightly declined recently, it is still at a high level. Short - term bonds are more affected by the capital front, while long - term bonds are more affected by the stock - bond seesaw [24]. Chapter 4: Market Outlook and Investment Strategy - In the third quarter, the bond market issuance has accelerated, increasing the supply and putting pressure on the liquidity of the inter - bank market. The tight balance of liquidity has increased the bearish factors for the bond market. After the Fed's interest rate cut, whether the risk appetite will continue to increase and whether the stock - bond seesaw will be bearish for the bond market need to be continuously observed. The combination of the stock - bond seesaw logic and loose liquidity may increase the difficulty of bond market operation [28].

Core Insights - The fiscal revenue in China is projected to reach 106 trillion yuan during the 14th Five-Year Plan, an increase of 17 trillion yuan or approximately 19% compared to the previous plan [2] - Public budget expenditure is expected to exceed 136 trillion yuan, marking a 24% increase over the previous five years, with a focus on optimizing the structure of spending towards development and public welfare [2][4] Fiscal Policy and Economic Impact - The correlation between fiscal policy and domestic demand has significantly increased in recent years, particularly in the post-real estate era, highlighting the importance of government spending in stabilizing the economy [3] - The fiscal deficit ratio has risen from 2.7% to 4% during the 14th Five-Year Plan, with new local government special bond quotas set at 19.4 trillion yuan and tax reductions exceeding 1 trillion yuan [3] Social Welfare and Public Spending - During the 14th Five-Year Plan, the general public budget allocated 20.5 trillion yuan for education, 19.6 trillion yuan for social security and employment, and 10.6 trillion yuan for health care, totaling nearly 100 trillion yuan for social welfare [6] - Employment support measures have been enhanced, with 3.186 billion yuan allocated for employment subsidies, resulting in over 50 million new urban jobs [6] Fiscal Reform and Structural Changes - The Ministry of Finance emphasizes the need for deepening fiscal and tax reforms to ensure a more scientific budget management and a more robust fiscal system [7] - The central government's transfer payments to local governments have totaled nearly 50 trillion yuan since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, aimed at enhancing local fiscal capabilities [8] Future Outlook - The Ministry of Finance aims to strengthen macroeconomic regulation and deepen fiscal reforms in the upcoming 15th Five-Year Plan, contributing to the modernization of the country [9]

Core Insights - The financial situation in China has improved significantly over the past five years, with public budget revenue expected to reach 106 trillion yuan, an increase of 17 trillion yuan or approximately 19% compared to the previous five-year plan [2] - Public budget expenditure is also at an unprecedented level, projected to exceed 136 trillion yuan, marking a 24% increase over the previous five-year period [2][4] - The government has implemented various fiscal policies to enhance economic stability and support public welfare, including increased spending on education, social security, and healthcare [5] Fiscal Policy and Economic Impact - Fiscal policy has become a crucial tool for macroeconomic regulation, with a significant correlation between fiscal spending and domestic demand observed in recent years [3] - The deficit ratio has increased from 2.7% to 4%, with new local government special bond quotas set at 19.4 trillion yuan and tax reductions exceeding 1 trillion yuan [4] - Over the past four years, China's economy has achieved an average growth rate of 5.5%, contributing approximately 30% to global economic growth [4] Social Welfare Investments - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the government allocated nearly 100 trillion yuan for social welfare, including 20.5 trillion yuan for education and 19.6 trillion yuan for social security and employment [5] - Employment support measures have been enhanced, with a 29% increase in employment subsidy funds compared to the previous five-year period, resulting in over 50 million new urban jobs [5] Fiscal Reform Initiatives - The Ministry of Finance is focused on deepening fiscal and tax reforms to improve budget management and enhance the fiscal system [6] - The scale of funds transferred to the general public budget from government funds has increased significantly, enhancing the central government's regulatory capacity [6] - The government aims to clarify responsibilities and financial coordination between central and local authorities, with nearly 50 trillion yuan in transfer payments to local governments since the start of the "14th Five-Year Plan" [7] Future Outlook - The Ministry of Finance plans to strengthen macroeconomic regulation and deepen fiscal reforms to support the goal of building a modern socialist country [8]

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government is implementing a more proactive fiscal policy during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, enhancing macroeconomic regulation to support stable economic growth [2][4][5]. Group 1: Fiscal Policy Characteristics - The fiscal macro-control during the "14th Five-Year Plan" is characterized by stronger efforts, a richer toolkit, more precise actions, and greater flexibility in timing [5]. - The average annual growth rate during the "14th Five-Year Plan" has been 5.5%, contributing approximately 30% to global economic growth [4]. Group 2: Economic Cycle Management - The goal of macroeconomic regulation is to smooth out economic cycles, preventing significant fluctuations that could waste resources and impact social welfare [3]. - Cross-cycle regulation is increasingly important to find new growth drivers for medium- to long-term development [3]. Group 3: Coordination of Policies - Fiscal policy and monetary policy must work in tandem to enhance the effectiveness of macroeconomic regulation [6]. - The issuance of 500 billion yuan in special government bonds is expected to leverage approximately 6 trillion yuan in credit [6]. Group 4: Fiscal Space and Debt Management - The fiscal deficit rate has increased from 2.7% to 4%, providing more room for fiscal policy [8]. - China's government debt-to-GDP ratio is projected to be 68.7% by the end of 2024, significantly lower than the G20 average of 118.2% and G7 average of 123.2% [8]. Group 5: Future Fiscal Policy Potential - There is considerable potential for further fiscal policy action, supported by a long-term positive economic trend and a large market [9]. - Ongoing reforms in fiscal management aim to enhance the efficiency of resource allocation and increase the fiscal capacity for macroeconomic regulation [9][10]. Group 6: International Coordination - Strengthening international macroeconomic policy coordination is essential to mitigate negative spillover effects from major economies [11]. - China's active participation in global economic governance and cooperation enhances the environment for domestic fiscal macro-control [11].