Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the importance of mindset in navigating the current market dynamics, emphasizing the need to accept and love the world as it is, rather than comparing it to an idealized version [2][4][5]. Market Structure and Mindset - Recent discussions have highlighted a divide between "old investors" and "young investors," indicating that structural characteristics of the market have become more significant than overall trends [2]. - The author reflects on personal experiences over the past two years, identifying a need for a mindset adjustment to maintain happiness and acceptance in the face of market volatility [3][4]. Understanding the Market - The market is inherently irrational, characterized by periods of greed and fear, which should be accepted rather than resented [6]. - Recognizing that bubbles and corrections are natural parts of the market can lead to a more enjoyable investment experience [6][7]. Self-Awareness in Investing - Investors must understand their own limitations and capabilities, particularly regarding market volatility and the nature of bubbles [8][10]. - The author shares personal health challenges faced while trying to keep up with younger investors, highlighting the importance of self-care and understanding one's own boundaries [8][9]. Investment Strategy - The current market environment is conducive to bubbles due to low interest rates and high risk appetite, which necessitates a cautious approach [12]. - The author prefers to invest in index futures, such as the CSI 500, to gain exposure to technology stocks while managing risk and volatility [12][13][14]. - A focus on understanding financial instruments and their appropriate use is crucial for professional investors to achieve better risk-adjusted returns [14]. Market Outlook - Economic indicators suggest a potential downturn, with expectations of increased fiscal stimulus, which may lead to a shift in market styles [15]. - The author remains patient, waiting for signs of recovery in fiscal policy and market conditions that align with their investment expertise [15].

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - High - sulfur fuel oil: Oscillation [2] - Low - sulfur fuel oil: Oscillation [2] - Cross - variety: None [2] - Cross - period: None [2] - Spot - futures: None [2] - Options: None [2] Group 2: Core Viewpoints of the Report - After continuous decline, crude oil prices showed signs of stabilization and rebound, driving the slight rise of FU and LU prices. Short - term attention should be paid to the progress of talks between Russia, the US, and Ukraine, and the change in the US attitude towards sanctions on Russia will affect market sentiment and bring additional price fluctuations. Without unexpected macro and geopolitical events, there is still downward pressure on the oil market in the medium term [1] - In terms of the fundamentals of fuel oil itself, the fundamentals and market structure of high - sulfur oil are still weak, with limited short - term pressure. However, as summer ends, local demand in the Middle East will decline, and with the OPEC production increase trend, Middle East fuel oil shipments may still have room for growth, and the high - sulfur fuel oil market is expected to further loosen. If the crack spread is fully adjusted to attract a significant improvement in refinery demand, the market structure is expected to stabilize and strengthen again [1] - For low - sulfur fuel oil, the current market pressure is limited, but there is no overall shortage expectation. Domestic production remains at a low level, but overseas supply has recovered, and the overseas market has shown a marginal weakening trend recently. In the medium - term perspective, since the remaining production capacity of low - sulfur fuel oil is relatively abundant, once the crack profit is appropriate, it will attract supply release. Moreover, the carbon - neutral trend in the shipping industry will gradually replace the market share of low - sulfur fuel oil, and there is significant resistance above the market [1] Group 3: Market Analysis Summary - The main contract of Shanghai Futures Exchange fuel oil futures closed up 1.15% at 2732 yuan/ton in the daytime session, and the main contract of INE low - sulfur fuel oil futures closed up 1.19% at 3483 yuan/ton [1] - Crude oil price rebounds drive the rise of FU and LU. Short - term uncertainty comes from Russia - US - Ukraine talks and US sanctions on Russia. Medium - term oil market has downward pressure without unexpected events [1] - High - sulfur fuel oil has weak fundamentals and market structure, short - term pressure is limited. Future supply may increase, but crack spread adjustment may improve the situation [1] - Low - sulfur fuel oil has limited current pressure and no shortage expectation. Overseas supply recovers, and there is resistance above the market in the medium term due to capacity and market - share replacement [1] Group 4: Strategy Summary - High - sulfur fuel oil strategy: Oscillation [2] - Low - sulfur fuel oil strategy: Oscillation [2] - No strategies for cross - variety, cross - period, spot - futures, and options [2] Group 5: Chart Information - There are multiple charts showing prices, spreads, and trading volumes of Singapore fuel oil spot, swaps, and Chinese fuel oil futures (both high - sulfur and low - sulfur) [3][8][12][13][16][17][26][28] - Data sources for these charts are from Flush, Steel Union, and Huatai Futures Research Institute [5][6][7][10][11][15][19][22][23][24][25][28][30][31][32]

Report Details - Report Date: July 27, 2025 [1] - Report Title: Nanhua Treasury Bond Futures Weekly Report Investment Rating - No investment rating information is provided in the report. Core Viewpoints - This week, the bond market experienced a significant adjustment. The main pressure came from risk assets, and the tightening of the capital market worsened the situation. Treasury bonds and commodities are two types of assets with highly similar but opposite price trends. When commodities rebounded, the bond market faced substantial pressure and significant pullbacks [2]. - In the medium - to long - term, fundamentals and liquidity expectations are the two most crucial factors for the bond market. The report does not believe that the fundamentals have changed drastically in just one week, nor does it think that production restrictions can solve demand - side problems. The significant fluctuations in commodities and the bond market are related to the long - term low (high) valuation and low - volatility market structure, and market behavior has amplified the intensity of the market [2]. Summary by Relevant Catalog 1. Market Data - **Futures Data**: The settlement prices of various Treasury bond futures contracts decreased this week. For example, the 10 - year Treasury bond futures T2509.CFE closed at 108.195, down 0.57%; the 30 - year Treasury bond futures TL2509.CFE closed at 118.120, down 2.00% [8]. - **Spread Data**: In terms of inter - period spreads, T2509 - T2512 was - 0.015, down 0.667; in terms of inter - variety spreads, 2TS - T was 301.109, up 0.183 [8]. - **Spot Bond Yields**: The yields of various Treasury bonds and policy - bank bonds increased this week. For example, the yield of the 10 - year Treasury bond rose 6.79 BP to 1.73%, and the yield of the 30 - year Treasury bond rose 8.70 BP to 1.98% [8]. - **Funding Rates**: Bank - to - bank pledged repurchase rates and SHIBOR rates showed different degrees of increase. For example, DR001 rose 6.08 BP to 1.52%, and SHIBOR1M rose 0.90 BP to 1.55% [8]. 2. Graphical Analysis - **Bond Yield Curve Changes**: The report shows the changes in Treasury bond yields at different time points, reflecting the trends in yield curve movements [10][12]. - **Bond Spread Trends**: The report presents the trends of inter - period spreads and inter - variety spreads, such as the 2TF - T and 2TS - T spreads [21]. - **Treasury Bond Term Spread Trends**: The report shows the trends of 5Y - 2Y BP, 10Y - 5Y BP, and 10Y - 2Y BP [25].

Report Summary 1) Report Industry Investment Rating - High - sulfur fuel oil: Oscillating [3] - Low - sulfur fuel oil: Oscillating [3] 2) Core Viewpoints - The crude oil price has been oscillating strongly since the OPEC meeting, and the unilateral prices of FU and LU are supported by the cost side. However, there is an expectation of a looser balance sheet in the medium - term crude oil market, which may limit the upside space of prices. The recent oil price decline has also led to a weaker market drive [1]. - The current market structure of high - sulfur fuel oil is weak, with spot discounts, monthly spreads, and crack spreads continuously declining. Although there are still structural support factors, the crack spreads need to further adjust to attract the return of refinery demand [1]. - The market structure of low - sulfur fuel oil has been stable recently, supported by the strong performance of overseas diesel. The overall supply pressure is limited due to the significant year - on - year decline in domestic production in the first half of the year. However, the surplus production capacity is abundant, and the long - term carbon - neutral trend in the shipping industry will suppress the market [1]. - The current market structure of low - sulfur fuel oil is slightly stronger than that of high - sulfur fuel oil, and the high - low sulfur spread has been widening recently, but the structural contradiction has not completely reversed, and there is no room for a significant increase in the spread [2]. 3) Strategy Summary - High - sulfur: Maintain an oscillating trend [3] - Low - sulfur: Maintain an oscillating trend [3] - Cross - variety: Short the FU crack spread (FU - Brent or FU - SC) on rallies [3] - Cross - period: Gradually take profit on the previous FU reverse spread positions [3] - Spot - futures: No strategy [3] - Options: No strategy [3]

Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the content. Core View of the Report The report is the first in a series of special reports on the SMC system, introducing the basic theory of single - cycle market structure. SMC is a new technical analysis and trading methodology. The core of the SMC system is market structure, which determines the price trend direction. The core logic of the SMC strategy is to enter the market relying on strong points and aim at weak points as targets. Four key conclusions are derived from relevant concepts, which are the important cornerstones for the subsequent development of the theory [2][3][10]. Summary According to the Directory 1. Introduction: SMC System Introduction - SMC (Smart Money Concepts) is a new, complete, and systematic technical analysis and trading methodology, originating from ICT. It became popular after 2020, especially in the foreign exchange and cryptocurrency trading communities [2][6]. - The basic idea of SMC is to follow the trading behavior of "smart money" to achieve high - probability or high - profit - loss ratio trading. However, the so - called "smart money" may not exist in reality, and its effectiveness is explained by the more fundamental ICT theory [2][6]. - The advantages of the SMC system include a complete theoretical system, "naked K analysis" without relying on technical indicators, relatively less subjective components and high degree of regularization, and a complete trading system with clear entry, exit, and target frameworks [2][7]. - The SMC system consists of five modules: market structure, institutional supply and demand, order flow, liquidity, and trading strategies. Market structure is the core, used to determine the price trend direction, and other parts revolve around it [8]. 2. Basic Concepts and Expectations of Market Structure - Market structure refers to a series of high and low points and the bands formed between them, which can be divided into upward and downward structures according to the arrangement of high and low points [11]. - Structure break (BOS) means any of the HH, HL, LH, LL in the market structure is broken. If the HL in an upward structure or the LH in a downward structure is broken, a trend reversal is expected, but this is only a probability - based expectation [14][17]. - The generation of high and low points: In an upward structure, HH is confirmed after a certain - amplitude callback, while HL is objectively determined after the HH is broken. The situation in a downward structure is similar [18][21]. - After a structure break, a callback at the same level as the structure is expected, which helps answer questions about chasing high after a new high is broken [21][22]. - Swing high, swing low, and swing range: Swing high and low are the latest high and low points at a certain moment, and the swing range is the area between them. They are mainly used to assist in judging structure breaks and introducing the concepts of strong and weak points [25]. - Strong points and weak points: When a structure break occurs, the unbroken swing point is the strong point, and the broken one is the weak point. Strong points are expected not to be broken, and weak points are expected to be broken. The core logic of the SMC strategy is to enter the market relying on strong points and aim at weak points [27][31]. 3. Premium and Discount - For the callback band after a structure break, the mid - point of the previous band price range is the fair value, the area above 50% is the premium area, and the area below 50% is the discount area. They are used to assist in judging the general areas for long and short positions and when the callback band ends [32]. 4. Summary - The report mainly introduces the basic theory of single - cycle market structure, with the core logic of the SMC strategy being to enter the market relying on strong points and aim at weak points. Four key conclusions are derived: trend reversal is expected when a turning point is broken; a callback at the same level as the structure is expected after a structure break; strong points are expected not to be broken, and weak points are expected to be broken; the probability of the end of the callback band increases as it approaches the strong point, especially when the callback amplitude reaches more than 50% [35][36][39].

Quantitative Factors and Models Summary Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods 1. **Factor Name**: Market Style Factor **Construction Idea**: This factor tracks the market's preference for small-cap versus large-cap stocks and growth versus value stocks over the observed period **Construction Process**: - The factor is divided into two dimensions: size (small-cap vs. large-cap) and style (growth vs. value) - The factor measures the relative performance of small-cap stocks compared to large-cap stocks and growth stocks compared to value stocks - Observations include the directional bias (e.g., small-cap preference) and the volatility of these style preferences **Evaluation**: The factor indicates a market preference for small-cap and growth stocks, but with increased volatility, suggesting instability in market style trends [11][12] 2. **Factor Name**: Market Structure Factor **Construction Idea**: This factor evaluates the dispersion and concentration of returns across industries and stocks to assess market structure dynamics **Construction Process**: - Industry excess return dispersion is calculated to measure the spread of returns across different sectors - Metrics such as the proportion of rising constituent stocks and the turnover concentration of the top 100 stocks and top 5 industries are tracked - Changes in these metrics are used to infer market structure stability and concentration trends **Evaluation**: The factor shows a decline in industry return dispersion and a slight increase in stock and industry concentration, indicating a more concentrated market structure [11][12] 3. **Factor Name**: Market Activity Factor **Construction Idea**: This factor measures market activity through volatility and turnover rates **Construction Process**: - Index volatility is calculated to assess market fluctuations - Turnover rates, particularly for indices like the SSE 50, are tracked to gauge trading activity - Observations include changes in these metrics over time **Evaluation**: The factor reveals a slight increase in market volatility but a continued decline in turnover rates, especially for the SSE 50, indicating reduced market activity [11][12] 4. **Factor Name**: Commodity Market Factors **Construction Idea**: These factors analyze trends, momentum, volatility, and liquidity in commodity markets **Construction Process**: - **Trend Strength**: Tracks the continuation of trends in sectors like energy and metals - **Basis Momentum**: Measures the momentum of basis changes, with specific focus on sectors like agriculture and metals - **Volatility**: Assesses the level of price fluctuations in different commodity sectors - **Liquidity**: Evaluates the trading activity and ease of transactions in commodity markets **Evaluation**: The factors highlight strong trends in energy and metals, low basis momentum in agriculture, high volatility in energy, and strong liquidity in energy and metals [23][27] 5. **Factor Name**: Option Market Factors **Construction Idea**: These factors assess market sentiment and risk expectations through option pricing metrics **Construction Process**: - **Implied Volatility**: Tracks the implied volatility of options on indices like SSE 50 and CSI 1000 - **Skewness**: Measures the relative pricing of put options versus call options to infer market sentiment - **Open Interest**: Monitors changes in open interest to gauge market positioning **Evaluation**: The factors suggest stable short-term sentiment but highlight potential downside risks for small-cap stocks based on skewness and rising open interest in put options [33][34] 6. **Factor Name**: Convertible Bond Market Factors **Construction Idea**: These factors analyze valuation and liquidity dynamics in the convertible bond market **Construction Process**: - **Valuation Metrics**: Tracks metrics like the premium rate of bonds near par value and the proportion of low-premium bonds - **Liquidity Metrics**: Monitors trading volume and credit spreads **Evaluation**: The factors indicate a slight recovery in valuation metrics but a rise in low-premium bonds, with stable trading volumes and narrowing credit spreads [35][37] Factor Backtesting Results 1. **Market Style Factor**: - Small-cap preference observed - Growth style preference observed - Increased volatility in both dimensions [11][12] 2. **Market Structure Factor**: - Industry return dispersion decreased - Stock and industry concentration slightly increased [11][12] 3. **Market Activity Factor**: - Market volatility slightly increased - Turnover rates decreased, especially for SSE 50 [11][12] 4. **Commodity Market Factors**: - Strong trends in energy and metals - Low basis momentum in agriculture - High volatility in energy - Strong liquidity in energy and metals [23][27] 5. **Option Market Factors**: - Stable implied volatility for SSE 50 and CSI 1000 - Skewness favors put options for CSI 1000 - Rising open interest in put options for CSI 1000 [33][34] 6. **Convertible Bond Market Factors**: - Premium rates near par value slightly recovered - Proportion of low-premium bonds increased - Trading volumes stable - Credit spreads narrowed [35][37]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news highlights that Xiaomi Group reported record-high revenue and profit for Q1 2025, with total revenue reaching RMB 111.3 billion, a year-on-year increase of 47.4% [1] - In terms of business segments, the revenue from the mobile and AIoT division was RMB 92.7 billion, up 22.8% year-on-year, while the revenue from the smart electric vehicle and AI innovation division was RMB 18.6 billion [1] - The adjusted net profit for the quarter was RMB 10.7 billion, marking a historical high with a year-on-year growth of 64.5% [1] Group 2 - Citic Securities predicts that macroeconomic factors, AI developments, and market structure will drive a continued reversal in the Hong Kong stock market in the second half of the year [1] - The report notes that the revenue share of Hong Kong-listed companies from the Americas has dropped to 1.8% in 2024, with a higher weight in real estate and consumer sectors, making it more attractive compared to A-shares amid domestic economic recovery [1] - The performance of Hong Kong tech giants is expected to exceed profit expectations in the second half of the year, similar to the post-ChatGPT release performance in the US stock market [1] Group 3 - Notable investment targets include the Hang Seng ETF (159920), Hang Seng Technology Index ETF (513180), and Hang Seng Consumer ETF (513230), among others [2]

Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods 1. Factor Name: Market Style Factors - **Construction Idea**: The market style factors track the balance and volatility between different market styles, such as large-cap vs. small-cap and value vs. growth[11][13] - **Construction Process**: - **Style Balance**: Measure the relative performance of large-cap vs. small-cap stocks and value vs. growth stocks to determine the market's style preference[11] - **Style Volatility**: Calculate the fluctuations in the relative performance of these styles over time to assess the stability of the market's style preference[11] - **Evaluation**: The market style factors showed a balanced preference between large-cap and small-cap stocks, as well as between value and growth stocks. Additionally, the volatility of these styles continued to decline, indicating a more stable market environment[11][13] 2. Factor Name: Market Structure Factors - **Construction Idea**: These factors analyze the dispersion of returns, sector rotation, and trading concentration to understand the structural dynamics of the market[11][13] - **Construction Process**: - **Return Dispersion**: Measure the excess return dispersion across industry indices to evaluate the variability in sector performance[11] - **Sector Rotation**: Assess the speed of sector rotation by tracking changes in sector leadership over time[11] - **Trading Concentration**: Calculate the proportion of trading volume concentrated in the top 100 stocks and the top 5 industries to gauge market concentration[11] - **Evaluation**: The market structure factors indicated a decline in return dispersion, slower sector rotation, and reduced trading concentration, suggesting a more evenly distributed market environment[11][13] 3. Factor Name: Market Activity Factors - **Construction Idea**: These factors measure the overall activity and liquidity of the market through volatility and turnover rates[12][13] - **Construction Process**: - **Volatility**: Calculate the index-level volatility to assess market stability[12] - **Turnover Rate**: Measure the turnover rate of the market to evaluate trading activity[12] - **Evaluation**: The market activity factors showed a decline in both volatility and turnover rates, reflecting reduced market activity, likely influenced by the holiday period[12][13] 4. Factor Name: Commodity Market Factors - **Construction Idea**: These factors analyze the performance, momentum, and liquidity of various commodity sectors[27][30] - **Construction Process**: - **Trend Strength**: Measure the strength of price trends in different commodity sectors, such as energy, metals, and agriculture[27] - **Basis Momentum**: Calculate the basis momentum, particularly for the metals sector, to assess the relative strength of futures prices compared to spot prices[27][30] - **Volatility**: Track the volatility levels across commodity sectors to evaluate risk[27][30] - **Liquidity**: Measure the liquidity of commodity sectors to assess trading ease[27][30] - **Evaluation**: The commodity market factors showed mixed performance, with strong trends in energy and metals, weaker trends in agriculture, and high volatility across sectors. Liquidity remained stable overall[27][30] 5. Factor Name: Options Market Factors - **Construction Idea**: These factors analyze the implied volatility and skewness of options to infer market sentiment and expectations[35] - **Construction Process**: - **Implied Volatility**: Measure the implied volatility levels of options on major indices, such as the SSE 50 and CSI 1000, to gauge market uncertainty[35] - **Skewness**: Analyze the skewness of call and put options to understand market expectations for upward or downward movements[35] - **Evaluation**: The options market factors indicated a divergence in sentiment, with increased optimism for small-cap stocks (CSI 1000) and reduced optimism for large-cap stocks (SSE 50). This suggests a potential shift in market preference post-holiday[35] 6. Factor Name: Convertible Bond Market Factors - **Construction Idea**: These factors evaluate the valuation and trading activity of the convertible bond market[38] - **Construction Process**: - **Valuation**: Measure the average conversion premium of convertible bonds to assess their relative attractiveness[38] - **Trading Activity**: Track the trading volume and turnover in the convertible bond market to evaluate market interest[38] - **Evaluation**: The convertible bond market factors showed a slight increase in valuation, with trading activity continuing to recover, indicating improving market sentiment[38] --- Factor Backtesting Results 1. Market Style Factors - **Style Balance**: Balanced between large-cap and small-cap, as well as value and growth[11][13] - **Style Volatility**: Continued decline in volatility, indicating stability[11][13] 2. Market Structure Factors - **Return Dispersion**: Declined, indicating less variability in sector performance[11][13] - **Sector Rotation**: Slowed down, suggesting reduced changes in sector leadership[11][13] - **Trading Concentration**: Decreased, reflecting a more evenly distributed market[11][13] 3. Market Activity Factors - **Volatility**: Declined, indicating reduced market risk[12][13] - **Turnover Rate**: Decreased, reflecting lower trading activity[12][13] 4. Commodity Market Factors - **Trend Strength**: Strong in energy and metals, weak in agriculture[27][30] - **Basis Momentum**: Highest in metals, declined in other sectors[27][30] - **Volatility**: High across all sectors[27][30] - **Liquidity**: Stable overall[27][30] 5. Options Market Factors - **Implied Volatility**: Increased for both SSE 50 and CSI 1000, indicating higher uncertainty[35] - **Skewness**: Positive for CSI 1000 (small-cap optimism), negative for SSE 50 (large-cap caution)[35] 6. Convertible Bond Market Factors - **Valuation**: Slight increase in average conversion premium[38] - **Trading Activity**: Continued recovery in trading volume[38]

分析师：柏逸凡 登记编号：S0890524100001 分析师：程秉哲 登记编号：S0890522110001 投资要点 本报告统计时间为2025.04.21-2025.04.25。 上周，美国在中美关税问题态度上仍在反复，风险未进一步上升，但尚未显著改善。不过受中央汇金等稳股市力量支撑， A股大盘延续稳健走势，银行股表现较好，但其他行业板块多数以快速轮动为主，科技板块波动偏大，赚钱效应有限。 权益市场 ，市场风格方面，大小盘风格仍以大盘为主，价值成长风格偏向价值；风格波动方面，大小盘风格波动与价值 成长风格波动继续下降。市场结构方面，上周，行业指数超额收益离散度上升，成分股上涨比例基本持平，行业轮动速度 上升，交易集中度方面，前100个股成交额占比从低位回升，前5行业成交额占比继续下降，显示行业成交集中度下行。市 场活跃度方面，市场波动率从高位迅速回落，换手率有所降低，显示尽管关税问题仍待解决，但股市已经逐步回复平静。 商品市场方面 ，趋势强度表现分化，能化、黑色板块趋势性较强，有色、农产品板块趋势性较弱；基差动量方面，有色 板块最高，黑色板块快速下降；波动率方面，各板块波动率维持在高位；流动性方面，各板块 ...