宏观策略·掘金 年报一季报总结电话会议 20250504 摘要 • 一季度受益于抢出口，中国经济增速达 5.4%，出口增速显著，但 4 月美 国订单锐减。尽管转口贸易支撑了 4 月出口，但美国经济软数据衰退预示 外需疲软，预计 6 月出口将明显下降，三季度压力或将增大。 • 企业普遍预期关税不会持久，因美国短期内难寻替代产能且消费习惯难改。 特朗普已释放积极信号，中美或通过非美国家间接博弈，中国正深化与欧 洲等关系，中美谈判时间表或将确定。 • 关税增加导致中国企业出口成本上升，尤其影响电子、家电等全球营销产 品。应对策略包括转嫁成本、产能转移至东南亚/印度、转口贸易、建立海 外仓及拆分产品价值等避税手段。 • 中国企业正采取多元化市场战略和深度本土化措施，通过在东南亚、印度 等地建厂供应美国市场，同时保留中国作为全球供应中心，以降低单一市 场依赖并增强抗风险能力。 • 2025 年一季度 A 股盈利改善，全 A 非金融板块累计同比增速显著提升， 但单季度营收仍有波动。创业板盈利明显改善，科创 50 业绩加速下滑， TMT 板块表现优秀，传统消费行业相对优异。 Q&A 美国关税政策对中国企业的影响如何，以及企 ...

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call discusses the performance of the A-share market in China, focusing on the first quarter of 2025 and the overall trends observed in 2024 [1][3]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Overall Performance Improvement**: In Q1 2025, the overall net profit growth rate for the A-share market was 3.56%, an increase of 5.91 percentage points compared to 2024, indicating a positive alignment between market expectations and company performance [1][4]. - **Entrepreneurial Board Growth**: The ChiNext board has emerged as a significant driver of growth, with revenue and net profit growth rates surpassing those of the main board and STAR Market [1][5]. - **Cash Flow and Profitability**: Although the Return on Equity (ROE) for the A-share market remains on a downward trend, the decline is slowing. The net cash flow from operations as a percentage of revenue has improved, reaching 10.33%, while free cash flow as a percentage of revenue hit a new high of 3.01% since 2008 [1][6]. - **Sector Contributions**: The TMT (Technology, Media, and Telecommunications) sector and midstream materials have been key contributors to net profit growth, with midstream materials showing a 33.85% year-on-year increase in net profit [1][7]. - **Leading Industries**: The top five industries in terms of year-on-year net profit growth in Q1 2025 were computer, agriculture, steel, building materials, and non-ferrous metals [1][8]. Additional Important Insights - **Dividend Distribution**: In 2024, 69.4% of listed companies implemented dividends, slightly lower than in 2023 but still at a high level. The median dividend payout ratio for non-financial companies was 30.3%, consistent with 2023 [3][10]. - **Sector-Specific Dividend Trends**: Consumer sectors such as food and beverage, beauty care, and home appliances had higher median dividend payout ratios. The banking sector remains the highest dividend yield sector [3][12]. - **Improvement in Specific Industries**: Industries such as non-ferrous metals, home appliances, telecommunications, and public utilities showed positive growth rates compared to 2024 [1][2][8]. Conclusion - The A-share market in Q1 2025 demonstrated significant recovery and growth, driven by favorable policies and improved economic conditions. The entrepreneurial board's performance, enhanced cash flow, and sector-specific growth highlight potential investment opportunities while also indicating areas of risk to monitor.

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that A-shares are expected to continue showing a warming risk appetite and thematic rotation, focusing on low institutional holdings and thematic trading opportunities [1] - The economic landscape is anticipated to face new variables by the end of Q2, particularly in the context of Sino-US economic relations [1] - Three major trends are highlighted: the unwavering trend of enhancing China's independent technological capabilities, the reconstruction of European defense and energy infrastructure, and the necessity for China to accelerate domestic demand through the "dual circulation" strategy [1] Group 2 - Short-term factors affecting A-shares include the resolution of negative Q1 reports, the TMT sector reaching a lower response model, and ongoing advancements in AI applications by major domestic and international companies [2] - In the medium term, a focus on neutral dividend combinations is recommended until significant rebounds in real estate or technological applications occur [2] - The current market is likely to favor a rotation and thematic investment approach due to uncertainties in reported earnings across various listed companies [2] Group 3 - The end of the performance verification period is expected to enhance the outlook for technology stocks, with a high probability of a short-term rebound led by the tech sector [3] - Consumption and technology are both seen as areas where expectations for growth are strengthening, with a current high profitability effect in consumption and a relatively low position in technology [3] - The report indicates a preference for investment opportunities in AI computing and embodied intelligence in the medium term [3] Group 4 - Despite ongoing trade tensions, Chinese assets are viewed as having better value, with a focus on sectors benefiting from domestic demand, such as tourism, food, and retail [4] - Recommendations include resource products and capital goods that will benefit from the restructuring of global economic order [4] - Low-valuation financial sectors are also suggested as a hedge against potential external shocks [4] Group 5 - The appreciation of the RMB is expected to boost Chinese assets, with AI becoming a key focus for investment in May [5][6] - The report emphasizes the potential of the domestic AI industry and applications, supported by high capital expenditure from overseas firms [5][6] Group 6 - The A-share market is expected to experience increased volatility, with a shift from small-cap growth to large-cap value stocks [7] - Recommendations include reducing exposure to AI sectors with low penetration rates and increasing allocation to structural tech growth areas with performance contributions [7] - The report suggests focusing on sectors like infrastructure and consumption that are expected to benefit from growth dividends [7] Group 7 - The technology growth style is returning as the market begins to shift following the resolution of prior performance and tariff disruptions [8] - The technology sector is seen as having reached a favorable valuation range, making it an attractive area for investment [8] - The report indicates that as pessimism fades, the tech sector is regaining its position as a focal point for capital [8] Group 8 - A-shares and Hong Kong stocks are becoming more resilient to external shocks, with macro policies expected to support market stability [9] - Key areas of focus include high-margin assets, the tech sector as a long-term investment, and consumer sectors benefiting from policy support [9] - The report suggests that Hong Kong stocks are currently undervalued and may benefit from expanding domestic demand policies [9] Group 9 - The A-share market is expected to demonstrate independence and resilience, with opportunities in technology, consumption, and certain cyclical sectors [10] - The report highlights the importance of performance improvement and policy alignment in the tech sector, particularly in TMT [10] - It also emphasizes the potential of sectors benefiting from rising domestic consumption expectations [10] Group 10 - The market may experience a controlled pullback due to tariff impacts, but the overall outlook remains positive with favorable domestic policies [11] - The report anticipates that the market will stabilize and potentially return to a bullish state by the latter half of the year [11] - A focus on value-oriented investments is recommended, particularly in themes related to growth and domestic substitution [12]

Group 1 - The report highlights that the expectation for the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates has cooled, leading to market fluctuations and uncertainties [9][10][12] - The U.S. GDP contracted by 0.3% in Q1 2025, marking the first decline since Q1 2022, which may impact market sentiment [9] - The non-farm payroll data exceeded expectations with 177,000 new jobs added in April, while the unemployment rate remained at 4.2%, indicating a mixed economic outlook [9] Group 2 - In the bond market, there is an expectation for macroeconomic data to be released soon, with a focus on holding bonds as yields may decline further [10][12] - The stock market is expected to experience short-term disturbances, but sectors with strong earnings performance, particularly high-dividend defensive sectors like banks and utilities, are likely to be favored [3][12] - The report suggests monitoring sectors influenced by national subsidies, such as consumer electronics and home appliances, as well as non-energy cyclical sectors like steel and non-ferrous metals [3][12] Group 3 - The report indicates that the market is currently in a cautious state, with a preference for defensive positions in both the bond and stock markets [15] - The A-share market is experiencing a mixed performance, with a decline in average daily trading volume to 1,103.9 billion yuan, reflecting a low market sentiment [20] - The report emphasizes the importance of upcoming economic data releases, including the Federal Reserve's interest rate decision and China's CPI and PPI data [21]

智通财经APP获悉，中金发布研报称，A股非金融ROE环比基本持平，结合一季度盈利增长明显反弹和 上述积极变化，预计本轮盈利下行周期的增速低点已过，但二季度以后需要重视关税政策对企业基本面 的影响。中金判断，关税对上市公司销售的冲击程度好于实体经济，但需要关注降价和供需失衡导致的 利润率下降。配置上，建议从景气回升和关税低影响两个维度寻找机会。 中金主要观点如下： 盈利增长方面，2024年全A/金融/非金融归母净利润同比分别为-3.0%/+9.0%/-14.2%，四季度大量减值损 失导致非金融盈利加速探底，全年房地产和光伏行业是主要拖累项；1Q25全A/金融/非金融归母净利润 同比为+3.5%/+2.9%+4.2%，下游行业改善明显。行业层面，有色金属、部分出口链以及TMT板块亮点 突出，高景气行业稀缺的格局发生积极变化。 盈利能力来看，A股非金融ROE环比基本持平，从2021年2季度以来，本轮ROE下行周期已持续15个季 度，拆分来看，净利润率边际企稳反弹，但资产周转率仍明显下行拖累。结构上，上游行业ROE仍在快 速下滑，下游行业若剔除地产后处于改善趋势中。其中ROE连续两个季度改善的行业包括电子、家电、 非 ...

Core Viewpoint - The overall A-share market is expected to experience a decline in net profit for 2024, with a projected decrease of 3.0% for the entire market, 9.0% for the financial sector, and 14.2% for the non-financial sector, primarily due to significant impairment losses in the fourth quarter of 2024, particularly in the real estate and photovoltaic industries [1][2][3] Profit Growth - In 2024, the A-share market's net profit is forecasted to decline by 3.0%, with the financial sector showing a growth of 9.0% and the non-financial sector declining by 14.2%. The non-financial sector's revenue is expected to decrease slightly by 1%, with a significant drop in profit margins compared to 2023 [2][3] - The first quarter of 2025 shows a rebound in net profit for the A-share market, with a year-on-year growth of 3.5% for the entire market, 2.9% for the financial sector, and 4.2% for the non-financial sector, indicating a recovery in downstream industries [3][4] Profitability Analysis - The return on equity (ROE) for non-financial A-shares has remained stable, marking 15 consecutive quarters of decline since Q2 2021. The marginal improvement in net profit margins is offset by a significant decline in asset turnover rates [1][15] - Industries such as electronics, home appliances, non-bank financials, and agriculture have shown consecutive improvements in ROE over the past two quarters [15][23] Capital Expenditure and Cash Flow - Non-financial capital expenditure has been in negative growth for four consecutive quarters, but new economy sectors are seeing a rebound in capital expenditure growth. The total assets of non-financial enterprises have stabilized, with a notable increase in prepayments [2][16] - The free cash flow to equity ratio for non-financial companies has reached a historical high, supporting an increase in dividend payout ratios to 45% in 2024, with the dividend yield for the CSI 300 rising to 3.2% [2][18] Industry Performance - The first quarter of 2025 has highlighted strong performance in sectors such as non-ferrous metals, certain export chains, and TMT (Technology, Media, and Telecommunications), with significant year-on-year profit growth in these areas [3][4] - The agricultural sector has shown remarkable recovery, with a profit growth of 2541.6% due to low base effects, while non-bank financials have benefited from improved capital market conditions, achieving a profit growth of 48.7% [2][4] Market Outlook - The current economic environment suggests that the low point of the profit downturn cycle has been surpassed, but attention must be paid to the impact of tariff policies on corporate fundamentals in the second quarter of 2025 [2][38] - The market is advised to seek opportunities in sectors with recovering demand and low tariff impacts, particularly in AI-related industries and companies with strong cash flows that are less exposed to external demand [39][40]

Group 1: Market Outlook - The market is expected to maintain a volatile trend in May, with limited upward momentum and downward risks, influenced by the easing of tariff risks and the adequacy of domestic policy reserves to counteract economic shocks [3][5][13] - The central political bureau meeting emphasized the need for timely policy responses to external shocks, indicating a proactive stance on fiscal and monetary policies to stabilize the economy [13][14][15] Group 2: Economic Indicators - April's high-frequency data shows weak internal momentum, with a noticeable decline in exports affecting production, while consumer goods maintain a relatively high growth rate due to policy support [4][19] - Retail sales in April are projected to grow by approximately 5.2% year-on-year, with fixed asset investment increasing by 4.1%, while real estate investment shows a decline of 10.2% [19][23] Group 3: Policy Measures - The government is expected to implement structural monetary policy tools to maintain liquidity, with a focus on supporting consumption and stabilizing foreign trade [27][28] - The central bank's recent actions, including the release of 500 billion yuan in medium-term funds, indicate a shift towards structural support rather than broad monetary easing [27][28] Group 4: Investment Strategy - A "barbell" investment strategy is recommended, focusing on stable dividend-paying assets like banks and insurance on one end, and growth sectors such as technology on the other [5][35] - The banking sector is highlighted for its stability and potential for long-term strategic value, especially with recent government measures to bolster capital and improve asset quality [38][39] Group 5: Sector Performance - The consumer sector has undergone significant internal rotation, while cyclical sectors remain weak; growth technology sectors are seen as having strong recovery potential following recent corrections [5][35][36] - The technology sector, particularly in AI and robotics, has experienced a deep correction of over 25%, presenting a favorable entry point due to recent policy catalysts [36][37]

其次，沪指继续反弹，市场热点多元。周一，两市低开后迅速上攻，最终双双红盘报收。两市量能 在 1 万亿元左右，近期成交量仍处于较为低迷的状态。微观结构上，全天个股涨多跌少，涨停股票数量 较多。当天市场热点较为多元，主要集中在贵金属和 TMT 行业。投资风格方面，普涨行情下，中小盘 和科技风格涨幅领先。 从市场运行节奏看，沪指在周线箱体中轨线找到支撑，正在展开超跌反弹。沪指于三月中下旬，在 去年四季度的密集成交区间遇到较强技术阻力，开始进入调整。最终在周线的箱体中轨线附近找到支撑 并展开反弹。目前来看，沪指 4 月 7 日开盘的向下跳空缺口尚未回补，下方 4 月 10 日开盘有一个向上 的跳空缺口，预计市场将在此区间来回拉锯。 风险提示：国际贸易、地缘冲突超出预期；上市公司业绩增速回落超预期；全球经济衰退超预期。 免责声明 首先，国际贸易冲突略有缓和，美元继续回落。近日，国际贸易冲突没有继续升级，各国与美国的 谈判陆续开始，投资者预期略有好转。周一市场短期焦点转移到美元的走势，一方面美元信用因反复无 常的贸易冲突而受损，一方面市场预期美国经济或将下行，美元降息预期有所提升。结果，美元指数出 现了连续下跌，目前已经 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the relationship between interest rates and valuations, emphasizing that not all declining interest rate environments will lead to valuation increases. It outlines two primary methods for valuation enhancement: through accelerated growth or rising ROE, and through a low interest rate environment [3][23]. Group 1: Valuation Enhancement Methods - Valuation can be enhanced through two methods: one is during the accelerated growth or ROE upturn phase, and the other is in a low interest rate environment [3][23]. - In a low interest rate environment, the valuation is influenced by both the numerator (ROE) and the denominator (interest rates and risk premiums) [4][30]. - The relationship between valuation and ROE is positively correlated across countries, while the relationship between valuation and interest rates varies, showing positive, weak, or negative correlations depending on the country [4][31]. Group 2: Scenarios for Valuation Increase - Valuation increases during a declining interest rate phase are most evident in environments of extreme liquidity, where short-term real interest rates drop significantly [7][42]. - If economic recovery is strong, valuations will rise alongside interest rates due to inflation expectations, as seen in the post-pandemic U.S. [8][47]. - In cases of economic deflation, profit and inflation expectations may lead to further declines in valuations, as observed in Japan in the 1990s and Italy in the 2010s [8][47]. Group 3: Valuation and Interest Rate Dynamics - The average PB valuation low point for developed countries is 0.85 times, corresponding to an average interest rate of 2.46% [9][10]. - The low point of valuations is influenced by fundamentals, while the low point of interest rates is determined by monetary liquidity [9][10]. - Countries with strong fundamentals (e.g., U.S., Japan, Germany, France) tend to see valuation increases in sectors with comparative advantages, such as consumer discretionary, technology, and healthcare [12][47]. Group 4: A-share Market Valuation Potential - As interest rates decline, the extent of valuation increases diminishes, indicating a reduced sensitivity of valuations to interest rates [15][17]. - For example, when interest rates are at 4%, a 20% decline leads to a 16.9% increase in valuation; however, at 1.6%, the same decline results in only a 9.5% increase [15][16]. Group 5: Sector Performance During Interest Rate Changes - In the A-share market, sectors such as utilities and coal saw valuation increases when interest rates fell from 3.2% to 2.2%, while sectors driven by economic conditions, like TMT, performed better when rates fell from 2.2% to 1.6% [17][20]. - The performance of stable assets may not yield excess returns in the later stages of declining interest rates, as market dynamics shift towards growth-oriented assets [17][20].

Summary of Conference Call Industry or Company Involved - The conference call primarily discusses the Chinese economy and its macroeconomic policies, particularly focusing on the implications of government reports and economic recovery strategies. Core Points and Arguments 1. **Government Work Report Insights**: The recent government work report confirms previous strategies indicating that China will implement dual frameworks to break the negative spiral of debt and price declines observed over the past two years [1] 2. **Economic Recovery Challenges**: There are concerns about the stability of economic recovery, particularly due to insufficient effective demand, weak consumer spending, and ongoing operational difficulties for some enterprises, including accounts receivable issues [2] 3. **Policy Necessity Post-Conference**: The necessity for policy development remains evident, as indicated by the discussions during the conference, emphasizing the need for timely policy responses to uncertainties [3] 4. **Inflation Targeting**: The Consumer Price Index (CPI) target for this year is set at 2%, which differs significantly from previous years, suggesting a more proactive approach to managing inflation and supporting economic circulation [4] 5. **Government Debt and Fiscal Policy**: The expansion of government debt is notable, with the central government's debt ratio rising to 29% and local government debt reaching 36.7%. This reflects a broader trend of increasing government intervention in the economy [6] 6. **Focus on Technology and Employment**: The emphasis on technology in the government’s agenda highlights a shift towards innovation and job stability, indicating a more favorable outlook for tech investments [7] 7. **Asset Price Stability**: Maintaining stable asset prices is crucial for breaking the cycle of declining consumer confidence and spending, as a significant portion of household wealth is tied to real estate and stock markets [8] 8. **Market Performance During Two Sessions**: The market's performance during the two sessions was stronger than expected, suggesting potential for a "air refueling" market rally if certain thresholds are surpassed [9] 9. **Historical Market Patterns**: Historical examples of market rallies in 2000, 2006, and 2015 illustrate the potential for significant upward movements following periods of consolidation [10] 10. **Investment Structure Changes**: There is a noticeable shift in investment structures, with increased leverage and institutional buying, indicating a potential for market bubble conditions [13] 11. **Public Offerings and Trading Volume**: The trading volume and public offerings have seen significant increases, suggesting a robust market environment that could support further growth [14] 12. **Sector Rotation**: The market is likely to experience sector rotations, moving from undervalued cyclical stocks to a broader market rally, particularly in technology and large-cap stocks [15] 13. **Future Economic Indicators**: The upcoming quarters will be critical in determining the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies, particularly regarding interest rate adjustments and economic data trends [12] Other Important but Possibly Overlooked Content - The discussion highlights the importance of monitoring high-frequency economic data to gauge the ongoing recovery and the potential for further policy interventions [12] - The call emphasizes the need for a balanced approach to managing inflation while fostering economic growth, indicating a complex interplay between fiscal and monetary policies [4][6] - The potential for a "air refueling" market scenario is contingent on achieving specific trading volume and market capitalization thresholds, which could lead to significant market expansions [10][16]