中共中央政治局12月8日召开会议，分析研究2026年经济工作。会议提出，坚持"双碳"引领，推动全面 绿色转型。 厦门大学中国能源经济研究中心教授孙传旺在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示，全面绿色转型，意味 着绿色转型的深度与广度将显著拓展，即从过去更多聚焦于能源、工业、交通等高排放领域的单点突 破，转向全领域、全要素、全链条的全面转型，绿色发展将渗透到生产、分配、流通、消费的全生命周 期经济循环中。对于企业而言，一方面，绿色内需潜力将加速释放，市场对绿色产品、服务和解决方案 的需求不断增长，这为企业开辟了新的市场增量空间。另一方面，随着绿色转型的技术要求持续提高， 将激励企业不断增加在低碳工艺改造、清洁能源替代以及数字化碳管理等方面的创新投入。 在北京世经未来投资咨询有限公司副总经理韩定武看来，推动全面绿色转型，是一场涉及经济社会发展 方方面面的深刻系统性变革。其中，能源体系转型是根本。因此，实现"双碳"目标，必须立足我国能源 资源禀赋，坚持先立后破、通盘谋划，深入推进能源革命。要加快建设新型能源体系，严格控制化石能 源消费，尤其是煤炭的清洁高效利用；要大力发展如风电、光伏、水电、核电等非化石能源，构建以新 能 ...

绿色低碳转型离不开金融支持。当前，电力市场、碳市场的金融化进程在全球范围日益加快，我国绿色 金融逐步走向国际化。 在上个月举行的《联合国气候变化框架公约》第三十次缔约方大会（COP30）上，全球碳市场探索更进 一步，中国、欧盟和巴西发起成立了"碳排放权交易市场开放联盟"，建立全球统一碳市场的议题再度成 为焦点。 "'联盟'的主要目标是完善合规碳市场和碳定价政策，为应对气候变化提供关键的市场机制解决方案。 国际化方面，香港在CCER、碳配额、绿证国际互认方面，已经开始初步尝试。"近日，AEX控股公司 （香港）的创始人黄杰夫接受21世纪经济报道专访。从2010年到2016年，他任美国洲际交易所ICE（纽 约证券交易所母公司）大中华区董事总经理。也曾参与了CCX（芝加哥气候交易所）同中石油集团合 资组建的天津排放权交易所的谈判、创立和经营。 "通过碳远期合约电子交易模拟，我们发现，离岸金融机构期盼以合规方式参与内地碳市场交易。金融 机构的热情参与表明，'请进来'与'走出去'的双向互动，将以相对稳健的方式，推动中国碳资产走出国 门。"黄杰夫表示。 碳远期合约交易模拟已在香港实践 《21世纪》：碳期货、碳期权等衍生品在 ...

（原标题：专访黄杰夫：试水碳衍生品，让绿色金融"走出去"） 21世纪经济报道记者雷椰 李德尚玉 北京报道 绿色低碳转型离不开金融支持。当前，电力市场、碳市场的金融化进程在全球范围日益加快，我国绿色金融逐步走向国际化。 在上个月举行的《联合国气候变化框架公约》第三十次缔约方大会（COP30）上，全球碳市场探索更进一步，中国、欧盟和巴西发起成立了"碳排 放权交易市场开放联盟"，建立全球统一碳市场的议题再度成为焦点。 "'联盟'的主要目标是完善合规碳市场和碳定价政策，为应对气候变化提供关键的市场机制解决方案。国际化方面，香港在CCER、碳配额、绿证 国际互认方面，已经开始初步尝试。"近日，AEX控股公司（香港）的创始人黄杰夫接受21世纪经济报道专访。从2010年到2016年，他任美国洲际 交易所ICE（纽约证券交易所母公司）大中华区董事总经理。也曾参与了CCX（芝加哥气候交易所）同中石油集团合资组建的天津排放权交易所 的谈判、创立和经营。 黄杰夫：结合欧美经验来看，碳期货、碳期权等衍生品在排放权市场中发挥着关键作用。 2004年，芝加哥气候交易所只用了6个月的审批时间， 就拿到了金融监管部门的期货交易所牌照，随后推 ...

Core Insights - The 2025 Sustainable Global Leaders Conference highlighted the transformative changes in global economic governance, emphasizing the significant role of carbon markets and carbon finance, particularly in China [1][2][3]. Group 1: Global Economic Governance - Global economic governance is at a critical "crossroads," necessitating a restructuring of the existing framework due to the misalignment between old systems and current developments [2]. - The share of developing economies in global GDP is projected to rise from 25% in 2000 to 45% by 2024, shifting governance discourse towards a more balanced North-South dynamic [2]. - The deepening of South-South cooperation among developing countries facilitates consensus in sustainable development [2]. Group 2: Carbon Market Development - The global carbon market has seen significant progress, with 38 carbon markets operational, covering 23% of global greenhouse gas emissions [4]. - China's carbon market, initiated in 2021, has expanded to include approximately 3,500 enterprises, with a total quota of 8 billion tons, representing 53.33% of the global carbon market quota [4]. - The release of China's first central-level document on carbon market construction and the announcement of new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) goals provide a clear development roadmap for the carbon market [4]. Group 3: Future of Carbon Finance - The growth of the carbon market lays a solid foundation for carbon finance innovation, which still has significant untapped potential [5]. - Establishing differentiated internal motivation mechanisms for high-emission enterprises and linking carbon performance to financing costs for small and medium enterprises is essential [5]. - The integration of AI and big data in carbon finance can enhance efficiency and reduce costs, exemplified by innovative practices that significantly lower resource input for banks [5]. Group 4: Carbon Finance Ecosystem - A comprehensive carbon finance ecosystem requires support from third-party professional institutions, data technology companies, and green finance certification bodies [6]. - The establishment of standards and methods for evaluating green low-carbon performance is crucial for advancing the ecosystem [6]. Group 5: Interaction Between Carbon Finance and Green Innovation - Carbon finance must clarify its value orientation towards "zero carbon" to drive innovation and investment in low-carbon technologies [7]. - The interaction between carbon finance and green technology is vital for overcoming challenges faced by enterprises in pursuing environmental sustainability [8]. Group 6: Future Directions for Carbon Finance - The next decade will focus on the internationalization of carbon finance, with significant potential in developing countries [11]. - Key development priorities include creating a unified core carbon market, enhancing market vitality through financial innovation, and strengthening international cooperation [11]. - New financial tools, such as RWA (Real World Assets), can link carbon assets to the market, providing new financing avenues for low-carbon technologies [12].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significant transformation in global climate governance, highlighting the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting green low-carbon transitions as a universal consensus. China's commitment to achieving its "dual carbon" goals showcases its responsibility as a major power, with the carbon market playing a crucial role in ecological civilization construction [1]. Summary by Sections Development of China's Carbon Market - China's carbon market has evolved from local pilot programs to a national unified market, covering 60% of carbon emissions and becoming the largest carbon market globally. The recent issuance of the "Opinions on Promoting Green Low-Carbon Transition and Strengthening National Carbon Market Construction" marks a new phase of comprehensive deepening in carbon market development [1][2]. Market Achievements and Trends - As of August 22, 2025, the cumulative trading volume of carbon emission allowances reached 680 million tons, with a total transaction value exceeding 47.41 billion yuan. The market has shown stability, with a nearly 100% compliance rate for allowance submissions in 2024. The market is set to expand in 2025 to include steel, cement, and aluminum industries, which together account for approximately 2.5 billion tons of CO2 emissions [3][4]. Policy Innovations and Institutional Breakthroughs - The "Opinions" provide a systematic framework for the national carbon market, outlining medium- and long-term development goals. By 2027, the market aims to cover major industrial sectors, and by 2030, it will establish a mixed allocation system combining free and paid distribution of allowances [6][7]. Market Mechanisms and Financial Innovations - The carbon market is transitioning from intensity-based allocation to total control, with a phased approach to implement total control by 2030. The introduction of a "mandatory + voluntary" dual-track market system aims to enhance flexibility and inclusivity, encouraging broader participation in emission reduction efforts [8][9]. Challenges and Opportunities - Despite significant progress, challenges remain, including the predominance of free allocation methods and the need for improved market stability mechanisms. However, the potential for financial innovation, such as carbon pledges and repurchase policies, presents opportunities for enhancing market vitality and developing new carbon financial products [10][13]. Future Directions - The article suggests that future efforts should focus on establishing a comprehensive regulatory framework, enhancing market mechanisms, and fostering international cooperation to strengthen China's position in global carbon governance. This includes developing carbon financial products and improving data governance to support market efficiency [14][15][16].

Group 1: Current State of Carbon Finance in China - Carbon finance in China is still in its early development stage, with the national carbon market officially launched in 2021 and local markets starting from 2013[7] - As of August 2022, the Shanghai carbon market had conducted 16 carbon quota pledge financing transactions totaling over 41 million yuan, while the Guangdong market had 31 transactions totaling 93 million yuan[8] - The financing scale of carbon finance is insufficient compared to the over 40 trillion yuan in green loans available in China[8] Group 2: Future Directions for Carbon Finance Development - The national carbon market is expected to cover 8 billion tons of carbon emissions by 2025, making it the largest carbon market globally[10] - The development of financing tools should be prioritized to enhance the role of the carbon market in promoting green finance[11] - It is estimated that achieving carbon neutrality in China may require over 100 trillion yuan in cumulative investment[15] Group 3: Policy Recommendations for Carbon Finance - Emphasizing carbon pledge financing as a key area, with a need to clarify the financing model and extend loan periods beyond the current compliance cycle[26] - Developing a comprehensive financing product system that includes carbon repurchase agreements and carbon bonds to provide both short-term and long-term financing[27] - Establishing a quota reserve and market adjustment mechanism to prevent extreme price fluctuations in the carbon market[30]

Core Viewpoint - The construction of China's carbon market is accelerating, with the government aiming to create a more effective, vibrant, and internationally influential carbon market to support carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals [1] Group 1: Carbon Market Development - China's carbon market consists of three parts: the national carbon market launched in July 2021, covering over 2,200 key emission units in the power sector, with a cumulative trading volume of 680 million tons and a total transaction value of 47.41 billion yuan as of August 2025 [2] - The voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading market (CCER) started in January 2024, with a cumulative certified voluntary reduction of 2.49 million tons and a transaction value of 210 million yuan as of August 2025 [2] - Local carbon markets have been piloted since 2011 in various regions, allowing non-national market sectors to trade and manage emissions [2] Group 2: Carbon Financial Market - The carbon financial market includes financing, trading, and support tools, with carbon bonds being the most significant financial instrument, totaling 805.739 billion yuan issued from 2021 to the end of 2024 to support green and low-carbon transitions [2] - Trading tools in the carbon market include carbon futures, options, forwards, swaps, and loans, while support tools encompass carbon indices, insurance, and funds [2] Group 3: Challenges and Development Strategies - Despite significant achievements, the national carbon market faces challenges such as insufficient industry inclusion, low market liquidity, and the need for improved price formation mechanisms [3] - The government has proposed new development strategies to address these challenges, emphasizing coordinated development among the national carbon market, CCER, and local markets, as well as enhancing market vitality through product diversification and regulatory improvements [3] - Key areas for strengthening include management systems, carbon emission accounting, and data quality oversight [3] Group 4: Implementation and International Cooperation - The government has outlined key directions for implementation, including improving the national carbon market's clearing mechanism and enhancing international cooperation [4] - The existing clearing model needs adaptation to meet the demands of the rapidly developing carbon market and financial sector [4] - There is significant potential for increasing the internationalization of China's carbon market, which is crucial for supporting the internationalization of the renminbi and financial openness [4]

Core Viewpoint - The recent issuance of the "Opinions on Promoting Green and Low-Carbon Transition and Strengthening National Carbon Market Construction" marks a significant step in China's carbon market development, establishing it as a key policy tool for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals [1][2]. Group 1: Carbon Market Development - China has established the world's largest national carbon emissions trading market, which aims to address high reduction costs and insufficient transformation motivation [2][3]. - The carbon market is designed to provide a flexible mechanism for achieving greenhouse gas control targets at a low cost, promoting deep transformation of traditional industries and fostering new productive forces [2][3]. - The establishment of a carbon pricing mechanism is crucial for driving industrial upgrades and ensuring that carbon prices reflect the marginal costs of emissions reduction [3][4]. Group 2: Innovation and Incentives - The national carbon emissions trading market will accelerate the transition to clean energy and process innovation in key industries such as electricity, metallurgy, and chemicals [4][5]. - Innovative incentive mechanisms will facilitate low-carbon technology innovation and the implementation of significant climate projects, addressing financing challenges for major low-carbon technology innovations [4][5]. - The voluntary carbon emissions reduction trading market will promote the industrialization of cutting-edge technologies in areas like carbon sinks and renewable energy [4][5]. Group 3: Market Relationships and Coordination - The construction of the carbon market involves balancing various stakeholder interests and policy elements, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach to achieve carbon peak and neutrality goals [5][6]. - There is a need to integrate the mandatory carbon trading market with the voluntary market to enhance policy synergy and stimulate green innovation [5][6]. - The relationship between effective markets and proactive government roles must be harmonized to ensure a well-functioning carbon market [6][7]. Group 4: Future Directions - The carbon market should initially focus on its primary function of emission reduction, gradually enhancing its financial attributes as the system matures [7][8]. - Coordination between the national carbon market and local pilot markets is essential, with local markets continuing to serve as testing grounds for policy innovations [8].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the importance of the carbon market as a policy tool for addressing climate change and promoting a green transition in the economy and society [1] - The main goals set forth in the recent opinion include achieving basic coverage of major industrial sectors in the national carbon emissions trading market by 2027 and establishing a comprehensive voluntary emissions reduction trading market by 2030 [1][2] - The expansion of the national carbon emissions trading market will include new sectors such as steel, cement, and electrolytic aluminum, which are significant contributors to emissions and are heavily influenced by international green trade [2][3] Group 2 - The opinion outlines the need to improve the carbon emissions quota management system, including establishing a transparent quota management framework and gradually shifting from intensity control to total control of emissions quotas [4] - The introduction of carbon finance is highlighted as a key strategy to enhance market vitality, allowing financial institutions to develop green financial products related to carbon emissions rights [5][6] - The article references the EU carbon market as a model for integrating financial attributes into carbon markets, which has led to a diverse range of trading products and active market participation [7]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of the futures market in supporting China's new industrialization and manufacturing strength, highlighting the need for product innovation to better serve national strategies [2][10]. Group 1: Current State of the Futures Market - China's futures market has developed a diversified product system covering various sectors, including agriculture, metals, energy, chemicals, and finance, with a total of 131 listed commodity futures and options [3]. - Industrial futures and options account for 64% of the total, with significant products like PTA and iron ore becoming global pricing benchmarks [3]. - The correlation between futures prices and spot prices for copper and aluminum on the Shanghai Futures Exchange is as high as 0.99, demonstrating effective price discovery [3]. Group 2: New Industrialization Characteristics - New industrialization is characterized by three main features: intelligence, greenness, and financial integration [4]. - Intelligent manufacturing involves the application of AI and new information technologies across various industrial processes [4]. - Green transformation focuses on promoting low-carbon technologies and practices in industrial development [4]. - Financial integration aims to enhance resource allocation efficiency and support manufacturing development through financial means [4]. Group 3: Demand for Futures Products - The new industrialization strategy highlights the need for futures products in six key industries: automotive, high-end equipment, new energy, new materials, biomedicine, and information technology [4]. - These industries require risk management tools to address price volatility in critical materials like semiconductors, aerospace materials, and lithium [5]. Group 4: Future Product Innovation Directions - Future product innovation in the futures market can focus on three main lines: strategic resources, advanced materials, and green transformation [6][7][8]. - The development of futures products for lithium hydroxide and cobalt is suggested to manage price risks in the new energy sector [6]. - The introduction of photovoltaic futures indices is proposed to enhance stability in the semiconductor materials market [7]. - The exploration of electricity futures is encouraged to support low-carbon development and manage costs associated with carbon emissions [8]. Group 5: Strategic Role of the Futures Market - The futures market is positioned as a strategic infrastructure that enhances the resilience and competitiveness of industrial chains [10]. - By anchoring prices for essential industrial commodities, the futures market is expected to facilitate a more stable and high-quality development of Chinese manufacturing [10].