付英俊 海南自由贸易港建设是国家重大战略部署，是新时代中国改革开放的标志性工程。随着2025年12月18日 海南自由贸易港全岛封关运作的启动，海南正迎来前所未有的发展机遇。商业银行作为现代金融体系的 核心组成部分，在这一历史进程中承担着独特而重要的使命。面对"'一线'放开、'二线'管住"的特殊监 管制度、高度自由的贸易投资政策以及不断扩大的金融市场开放，商业银行必须重新审视自身定位，调 整发展战略，创新服务模式，才能在这场深刻的制度变革中把握先机，实现自身转型与区域发展的双 赢。 自贸港建设带来多维需求 商业银行需围绕海南自贸港建设需求调整战略定位，从传统信贷提供者向综合金融服务商转型，构 建"境内+境外""商行+投行""融资+融智"一体化服务模式，整合银行、证券、保险等多元金融工具，为 企业提供全生命周期、全产业链综合金融解决方案；同时从境内业务为主转向"在岸+离岸"协同发展， 既深耕在岸市场服务本地企业与居民，又积极布局离岸业务、搭建离岸金融服务能力，打通境内外两个 市场与两类资源。 此外，商业银行需从同质化竞争转向差异化特色化发展，结合自身资源禀赋与比较优势明确路径；还要 以客户为中心重构业务流程与服务 ...

近年来，湖北不断深化绿色金融合作和碳金融产品创新，统筹引导社会资本流向绿色低碳产业。成功开 发碳质押、碳回购、借碳、碳保险、碳债券等多元化碳金融产品，全省累计落地碳金融业务68笔，为企 业融资13.09亿元，融资规模在试点碳市场中的占比超50%；持续扩大绿色金融规模，鄂绿通平台入库 绿色项目848个，完成绿色企业（项目）评价67家，累计完成1518亿元融资；开发温室气体减排挂钩贷 款等6个全国首创绿色金融产品，累计助力绿色企业低成本融资超61亿元。 12月26日，湖北碳金融发展联盟在武汉正式成立，来自重点企业、金融机构、高等院校及有关行业协会 的85家会员单位将共同探索碳金融创新，形成全链条碳服务生态。这是国内首个以碳金融为方向的碳市 场联盟。 湖北宏泰集团总经理、联盟理事长张世敏在启动仪式上介绍，宏泰集团作为独具"碳要素"特色的湖北省 属金融服务类企业，将充分发挥"3+16"金融全牌照优势，大力实施"做活碳市场、做优碳金融、做强碳 产业、做实碳普惠"四轮驱动战略，以金融活水赋能联盟生态蓬勃发展。未来，联盟将搭建交流平台， 推动碳金融创新，充分发挥载体作用，搭建线上线下交流渠道；聚焦金融赋能，助力产业突破，引 ...

今年3月6日，全国温室气体自愿减排交易市场首批国家核证自愿减排量（CCER）完成登记，已登记的 项目减排量共948万吨。有出售意愿的项目业主将CCER从注册登记系统转入交易系统，并于3月7日在 北京绿色交易所开展交易。在金融如何具体支持行业转型方面，张兴提出多项建议如强化绿色金融精准 支持、发挥碳定价与市场机制作用、推动绿色银行治理转型等。张兴强调，银行业应"积极跟踪国际银 行业绿色金融的前沿发展动态"，提升专业能力与市场形象。 另外，商业银行还应扩大绿色投融资规模，创新绿色基金、转型债券、转型贷款等产品，并推动绿色金 融数字化转型，运用物联网、大数据、人工智能等技术提升绿色资产识别与碳核算效率。建立健全气候 风险识别与管理体系，开展气候风险压力测试，防范"黑天鹅"与"灰犀牛"事件。张兴特别指出，要"推 动碳账户、碳质押、碳远期等金融工具创新，积极参与全国碳市场建设，服务碳资产管理和市场化减 排"。 实现能源资源行业"双碳"目标是一项系统工程，需要政策、科技、金融协同发力。"十五五"期间，金融 机构应把握绿色转型机遇，完善服务体系，创新金融工具，为构建绿色低碳循环发展的经济体系提供坚 实支撑。在全球气候治理进 ...

近年来，我国围绕标准体系、激励约束、风险防控等出台多项政策措施，有力引领并推动绿色金融高质 量发展。绿色金融标准体系不断完善，为金融机构创新产品与服务指明方向。结构性支持工具不断优 化，显著提升了金融机构发展绿色金融的积极性，如中国人民银行创设的碳减排支持工具，支持范围从 初期的21家全国性银行扩展至多家外资银行及数十家地方性银行。监管引导不断加强，大大增强了金融 机构的风险管理意识和能力。截至今年上半年，我国绿色贷款余额约42.4万亿元，绿色债券余额超2.2万 亿元，两者规模稳居全球前列，金融对基础设施绿色升级、能源绿色低碳转型、生态保护修复和利用等 领域的支持力度持续加大。 同时也要看到，对标全面绿色转型和碳达峰碳中和等要求，我国绿色金融服务质效有待提升，实践中还 面临一些不足，存在绿色信息披露机制不健全、绿色资产定价体系不完善、绿色金融产品不丰富等问 题。当前和未来一个时期，可从顶层设计与落地实施上共同发力，进一步激发绿色金融发展潜力。 一方面，注重构建多层次、全覆盖的支持体系。加强绿色金融政策与财政政策、产业政策协同，完善转 型金融标准，支持符合国家产业政策导向的企业通过采用先进技术和设备更新实现降碳 ...

—纽带与支撑：枢纽织网、金融聚力，拓宽武汉发展新维度 12月4日举行的中共武汉市委十四届十二次全体会议上，对于扩大内需、提振消费，金融等重点领域改 革以及扩大高水平对外开放作出新的部署。 全会提出，坚持扩大内需这个战略基点，坚持惠民生和促消费、投资于物和投资于人相结合，以新需求 引领新供给，以新供给创造新需求，打造国内大循环的重要枢纽；全面推动更多人流、物流、资金流、 信息流、数据流等在汉集散，大力发展枢纽经济。要加快建设对外贸易强市，系统提升开放枢纽功能， 做强开放平台能级，持续扩大对外交流。 如果说经济、科创是武汉发展中的"硬支撑"，那么商贸物流、对外开放和金融赋能则是武汉链接内外、 激发活力的"软纽带"。此次全会的部署，为武汉打造国家商贸物流中心、国际交往中心、区域金融中心 的目标描摹出落地路径。 面向"十五五"，武汉正迎接重塑枢纽优势、提升开放能级、激活金融活力的时代机遇，以融入双循环、 提升全球链接能力为关键抓手，以金融赋能实体经济发展为新引擎，武汉将不断拓宽发展新维度，为其 经济能级跃升和城市创新转型注入动能，将打造"五个中心"和建设现代化大武汉从"蓝图"转化为"实 景"。 枢纽织网，打造商贸物流 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant information provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - The carbon market construction has entered an expansion and development period. In March 2025, the steel, cement, and aluminum smelting industries were included in the national carbon market, and in May 2025, four specific measures were proposed to strengthen carbon market construction [3]. - As of October 20, 2025, the cumulative trading volume of the national carbon market was 742 million tons, with a turnover of 50.461 billion yuan. Trading volume increases near the annual compliance period, and bulk trading is the main method. Carbon price declined in 2025, and the 2023 - year quota settlement was completed with a significant drop in emission intensity [3]. - Among the pilot carbon markets, Guangdong has the most regulated enterprises and is the most active in terms of trading volume. Except for Tianjin, carbon prices in other pilot areas have declined [3]. - Pilot carbon markets have innovative mechanisms. Hubei established the first provincial "electricity - carbon - finance" linkage market; Beijing refined quota repurchase principles; Chongqing realized the "carbon market - carbon offset - carbon inclusive" linkage mechanism [3][4]. - The Guangzhou Carbon Exchange promotes low - carbon development in the Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Greater Bay Area. It has a policy framework of government guidance, market operation, and public participation, develops 5 carbon financial products, tightens the proportion of free carbon quotas, and promotes the construction of the Greater Bay Area carbon market [4]. - The "Qin Carbon Star" in the Hengqin - Macao Cooperation Zone is an innovative product that encourages individuals to participate in low - carbon activities through carbon credits [4]. 3. Summary According to the Table of Contents 3.1 Carbon Market Construction: Entered the Expansion and Development Period - **National Carbon Market Expansion and Policy Issuance**: Since 2024, a series of carbon footprint management policies have been issued, and the national carbon market has expanded to cover steel, cement, and aluminum smelting industries. The government has set goals for the future expansion of the carbon market, aiming to basically cover major industrial emission industries by 2027 and build a complete carbon market by 2030 [6][7]. - **Revisions of Pilot Carbon Market Management Measures**: Starting from May 2024, relevant regulations required pilot areas to improve carbon market management systems. Each pilot area has successively formulated carbon emission and trading management measures [12][13]. - **Development Stages of the Carbon Market**: From 2011 - 2013, China launched carbon emission trading pilot projects; from 2014 - 2019, it established the overall framework of the national carbon market; since 2020, the national unified carbon market has been officially launched, and in March 2025, the market expanded for the first time [15]. 3.2 National + Pilot Carbon Markets: Guangdong is the Most Active - **Trading Volume and Turnover**: As of October 20, 2025, the cumulative trading volume of the national carbon market was 742 million tons, with a turnover of 50.461 billion yuan. Trading volume increases near the annual compliance period, and bulk trading is the main method [26]. - **Carbon Price**: In 2024, the carbon price rose, with an average of 91.82 yuan/ton. In 2025 (from January 1 to October 20), the carbon price declined, with an average of 76.73 yuan/ton [28][29]. - **Achievements**: The 2023 - year quota settlement was completed, and the carbon emission intensity decreased significantly. The carbon market has achieved good emission reduction results [33]. - **Pilot Areas**: In 2024, Guangdong had the most regulated enterprises. Except for Tianjin, carbon prices in other pilot areas declined, and Guangdong was the most active in terms of trading volume [38][40]. 3.3 Carbon Market Innovation Mechanisms: Stimulate Market Vitality - **Hubei's "Electricity - Carbon - Finance" Linkage Market**: In May 2024, relevant parties in Hubei signed a coordinated agreement. The background was that the carbon emissions of regulated enterprises were calculated without deducting the green electricity part. This mechanism allows regulated enterprises to obtain low - interest loans to buy green electricity, reducing compliance costs [47][50]. - **Beijing's Refined Quota Repurchase Principles**: In 2024, Beijing issued relevant management measures to regulate market supply and demand through measures such as quota repurchase, aiming to address carbon price fluctuations and supply - demand imbalances [52][53]. - **Chongqing's "Carbon Market - Carbon Offset - Carbon Inclusive" Linkage Mechanism**: In 2024, Chongqing established the "Carbon - Friendly" voluntary emission reduction system and platform. By May 2025, it had attracted over 3.7 million participants, with more than 30 low - carbon application scenarios for residents and over 208 registered enterprise users [47][56]. 3.4 Guangzhou Carbon Exchange: Promote Low - Carbon Development in the Greater Bay Area - **Development History**: The Guangzhou Carbon Exchange has a long - standing development history, from the initial establishment to the launch of various platforms and business expansions [59]. - **Policy Framework**: It follows a policy framework of government guidance, market operation, and public participation, and has established a multi - industry quota trading system and innovative carbon financial tools [60]. - **Transaction Volume and Carbon Price**: The trading volume and carbon price in the Guangdong carbon market have been affected by factors such as the postponement of compliance time and the expansion of the national carbon market [67][71]. - **Carbon Financial Products**: The Guangzhou Carbon Exchange has developed 5 carbon financial products, with carbon quota repurchase having the highest trading volume and turnover [72][73]. - **Promotion of the Greater Bay Area Carbon Market**: The Guangzhou Carbon Exchange actively promotes the construction of the Greater Bay Area carbon market, conducts cooperation and exchanges with Hong Kong and Macao, and participates in relevant research projects [76][77]. - **Carbon Inclusive Mechanism**: The "Qin Carbon Star" in the Hengqin - Macao Cooperation Zone encourages individuals to participate in low - carbon activities through carbon credits and has attracted the participation of many low - carbon businesses [81][83].

Core Insights - The article discusses the development and significance of China's carbon market, which has become the largest in the world, covering over 60% of the country's carbon emissions [2][24] - It highlights the transition from pilot programs in select cities to a national market, emphasizing the importance of regulatory frameworks and technological integration [4][7][10] Summary by Sections Development of Carbon Market - China initiated its carbon market with pilot programs in 2011 in cities like Beijing and Shanghai, which later provided valuable insights for the national market [4][5] - The national carbon market officially launched on July 16, 2021, initially including 2,162 power generation companies, covering approximately 4.5 billion tons of carbon emissions [5][7] Market Expansion and Performance - By 2025, the market is expected to expand to include steel, cement, and aluminum industries, adding around 2.5 billion tons of emissions to its coverage [7] - As of August 2025, the carbon market has traded nearly 700 million tons of allowances, with a transaction value exceeding 47.4 billion [8][10] Pricing and Impact on Emissions - The average carbon price in 2024 has increased significantly compared to 2021, with reduced volatility indicating growing confidence in the market [10] - Companies within the carbon market have shown a notable reduction in emission intensity, with their carbon emissions per unit of GDP being lower than non-participating firms [10] Future Goals and Regulatory Framework - The central government has set clear targets for the carbon market, aiming for comprehensive coverage of major industrial sectors by 2027 and a mixed allocation system by 2030 [13][14] - The transition from intensity-based allocation to total emissions control is planned, with a gradual increase in auctioned allowances [16][17] Challenges and Areas for Improvement - Current issues include excessive administrative intervention in allowance distribution, lack of financial instruments like carbon futures, and inconsistent data standards across regions [21][22] - Effective regulation requires collaboration among various departments to ensure funds are directed towards green initiatives and to prevent market manipulation [22] Future Developments - Plans for introducing carbon futures and establishing market makers are in place, with potential for alignment with the EU carbon market [24] - The article emphasizes the importance of understanding and participating in the carbon market for all stakeholders, as it plays a crucial role in achieving carbon neutrality goals [25][27]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significant transformation in global climate governance, highlighting the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting green low-carbon transitions as a universal consensus. China's commitment to achieving its "dual carbon" goals showcases its responsibility as a major power, with the carbon market playing a crucial role in ecological civilization construction [1]. Summary by Sections Development of China's Carbon Market - China's carbon market has evolved from local pilot programs to a national unified market, covering 60% of carbon emissions and becoming the largest carbon market globally. The recent issuance of the "Opinions on Promoting Green Low-Carbon Transition and Strengthening National Carbon Market Construction" marks a new phase of comprehensive deepening in carbon market development [1][2]. Market Achievements and Trends - As of August 22, 2025, the cumulative trading volume of carbon emission allowances reached 680 million tons, with a total transaction value exceeding 47.41 billion yuan. The market has shown stability, with a nearly 100% compliance rate for allowance submissions in 2024. The market is set to expand in 2025 to include steel, cement, and aluminum industries, which together account for approximately 2.5 billion tons of CO2 emissions [3][4]. Policy Innovations and Institutional Breakthroughs - The "Opinions" provide a systematic framework for the national carbon market, outlining medium- and long-term development goals. By 2027, the market aims to cover major industrial sectors, and by 2030, it will establish a mixed allocation system combining free and paid distribution of allowances [6][7]. Market Mechanisms and Financial Innovations - The carbon market is transitioning from intensity-based allocation to total control, with a phased approach to implement total control by 2030. The introduction of a "mandatory + voluntary" dual-track market system aims to enhance flexibility and inclusivity, encouraging broader participation in emission reduction efforts [8][9]. Challenges and Opportunities - Despite significant progress, challenges remain, including the predominance of free allocation methods and the need for improved market stability mechanisms. However, the potential for financial innovation, such as carbon pledges and repurchase policies, presents opportunities for enhancing market vitality and developing new carbon financial products [10][13]. Future Directions - The article suggests that future efforts should focus on establishing a comprehensive regulatory framework, enhancing market mechanisms, and fostering international cooperation to strengthen China's position in global carbon governance. This includes developing carbon financial products and improving data governance to support market efficiency [14][15][16].

Core Viewpoint - The issuance of the "Opinions on Promoting Green and Low-Carbon Transition and Strengthening National Carbon Market Construction" marks a significant step towards the comprehensive deepening and acceleration of the national carbon market, providing direction for institutional innovation and operational optimization, which is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality goals and enhancing China's carbon governance system [1] Group 1: Carbon Market Structure - The national carbon market consists of a mandatory carbon trading market and a voluntary emission reduction market, which are interconnected through quota clearing and offset mechanisms, each focusing on different aspects while complementing each other [2] - The carbon pricing mechanism is central to the carbon trading market policy, with quota allocation being a key factor influencing carbon pricing [2] Group 2: Quota Allocation and Management - Current quota allocation primarily uses a free distribution method based on carbon emission intensity and actual production volume, avoiding negative impacts on economic growth [2] - As more emission entities are included in the carbon market, the focus will gradually shift from controlling carbon intensity to controlling total carbon emissions, transitioning from free allocation to a mixed approach of "free + paid" allocation [2] Group 3: Monitoring and Verification - A robust monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) system is essential for accurately determining historical carbon emissions and their intensity, which supports the effective functioning of the carbon market [3] - Enhancing data quality through comprehensive regulation and automated monitoring is crucial for achieving national emission reduction targets [3] Group 4: Low-Carbon Transition Strategies - Companies can achieve green and low-carbon transformation through energy-saving renovations and clean energy alternatives, fostering a virtuous cycle of emission reduction, revenue generation, and reinvestment in research and development [4] - The development of low-carbon industry clusters, such as clean energy and carbon consulting, can drive industrial structure upgrades and promote economic transition towards a green high-end model [4]

Core Viewpoint - The recent issuance of the "Opinions on Promoting Green and Low-Carbon Transition and Strengthening National Carbon Market Construction" marks a significant step in the development of China's carbon market, establishing a clear roadmap and enhancing its strategic position in national climate governance [1] Carbon Market Development - The national carbon market is identified as a crucial mechanism for achieving the "dual carbon" goals, with an emphasis on expanding industry coverage, improving quota allocation, and enhancing market mechanisms [1] - The document outlines a transition from intensity-based quota allocation to total control, prioritizing industries with relatively stable carbon emissions for total quota control by 2027 [2][3] Quota Allocation System - The quota allocation system is central to the carbon trading market, and its effectiveness directly impacts market fairness and efficiency [2] - The current system uses intensity-based allocation, which, while reducing the burden on companies, lacks sufficient constraints for carbon reduction [2] - The shift to total control aims to balance emission reduction targets with economic costs and industry differences [3] Information Disclosure and Transparency - The restructuring of carbon emission accounting and information disclosure is essential for connecting mandatory and voluntary reduction markets, addressing data quality issues, and enhancing carbon price signaling [1][6] - The "Opinions" propose improvements to the information disclosure system, requiring timely public reporting of emissions, compliance, and trading information from key market participants [7] - Current limitations in data disclosure and standardization hinder comparability and transparency, which could affect market efficiency [6][7] Financial Market Opportunities - The introduction of financial institutions and non-compliance entities into the carbon market is expected to enhance liquidity and pricing efficiency through diverse financial products and risk management tools [8][10] - The "Opinions" encourage the development of green financial products related to carbon emissions, aiming to establish a comprehensive carbon pricing mechanism [8][9] - The emphasis on cautious development highlights the importance of risk management in the expansion of financial instruments like futures and options [10]