218 | 12 清华五源口 绩效考核机制 2025年第19期 Financial Weekly 每周金融评论 总第218期 2025年5月12日 LINGS 型波 .. Financial Weekly 母周令碰评论 | 目录 CONTENTS 热点聚焦 FOCUS ◎ 央行: 实施好适度宽松的货币政策 MEETINGS ◎ 央行降准50个基点降息10个基点 POLICES ◎ 央行设立服务消费与养老再贷款,额度5000亿元 重大事件 EVENTS ◎ 证监会:改革基金公司绩效考核机制 ◎ 美联储宣布联邦基金利率目标区间维持在4.25%至4.50% 之间不变 热点 聚焦 央行: 实施好适度宽松的货币政策 5月9日，央行官网发布2025年一季度中国货币政策执行报告（以下简称《报 告》）。报告提出，实施好适度宽松的货币政策。根据国内外经济金融形势和金融 市场运行情况，灵活把握政策实施的力度和节奏，保持流动性充裕，使社会融资规 模、货币供应量增长同经济增长、价格总水平预期目标相匹配。把促进物价合理回 升作为把握货币政策的重要考量，推动物价保持在合理水平。《报告》开篇提到， 2025年以来，央行按照政府工作报告部署 ...

新华社日内瓦5月12日电，中美日内瓦经贸会谈联合声明发布。 中华人民共和国政府（"中国"）和美利坚合众国政府（"美国"）， 认识到双边经贸关系对两国和全球经济的重要性； 认识到可持续的、长期的、互利的双边经贸关系的重要性； 鉴于双方近期的讨论，相信持续的协商有助于解决双方在经贸领域关切的问题； 采取上述举措后，双方将建立机制，继续就经贸关系进行协商。中方代表是国务院副总理何立峰，美方 代表是财政部长斯科特·贝森特和美国贸易代表贾米森·格里尔。协商可在中国、美国，或双方商定的第 三国进行。根据需要，双方可就相关经贸议题开展工作层面磋商。 来源 | 新华社 编辑丨丁开艳 责编丨兰银帆 往期回顾 Review of Past Articles - 达利欧谈特朗普"对等关税"以及该如何投资｜宏观经济 对等关税落地，市场影响几何？投资启示有哪些？｜宏观经济 本着相互开放、持续沟通、合作和相互尊重的精神，继续推进相关工作； 双方承诺将于2025年5月14日前采取以下举措： 美国将（一）修改2025年4月2日第14257号行政令中规定的对中国商品（包括香港特别行政区和澳门特 别行政区商品）加征的从价关税，其中，24%的关税 ...

Core Viewpoint - Trustworthy digital finance should possess characteristics such as model reliability, strong interpretability, and high security, while also clarifying the legal status, behavioral boundaries, and responsibilities of financial intelligent agents [2][12]. Group 1: Breakthroughs in AI Models - China's DeepSeek-V3 has received high praise in global AI model rankings, being compared favorably to GPT-4o, with training costs significantly lower at under $6 million compared to GPT-4o's $100 million [4]. - Innovations in algorithms, such as MLA multi-head potential attention mechanisms and MoE mixed expert architecture, are crucial for the future of AI development in China, particularly for financial institutions [4][5]. Group 2: Challenges in AI Technology - Security risks remain prominent, including unauthorized access to models, data theft, and malicious attacks that can compromise model integrity and stability [8]. - The phenomenon of "model hallucination" persists, with various models including Grok-3 and GPT-4 exhibiting certain levels of hallucination rates [9]. - Issues such as model bias, algorithmic resonance, and privacy breaches continue to pose challenges, complicating the interpretability of AI models [10]. Group 3: Digital Finance Innovation - The evolution of digital finance must balance security and efficiency, transitioning from mere usability to leading-edge capabilities [12][13]. - Trustworthiness in digital finance innovation is essential, requiring proactive measures to prevent AI pitfalls and ensure model reliability and interpretability [13]. Group 4: Pathways to Building Trustworthy Digital Finance - High reliability is critical, necessitating the implementation of advanced security measures, including firewalls and zero-trust architectures, to protect against malicious attacks [15]. - Interpretability is a key requirement, enabling the transformation of model behavior into understandable rules and utilizing visualization tools to clarify model processes [15]. - Legal frameworks must be established to define the status and responsibilities of financial intelligent agents, ensuring they operate within clear boundaries [16]. - Economic efficiency can be achieved by pre-training industry-level financial models and customizing enterprise-level applications, fostering collaboration between tech firms and financial institutions [16].

文/中国银行研究院高级研究员 赵廷辰 ，中国银行伦敦分行研究员 张传捷 特朗普2.0时代，虽然美国政策转向，但全球绿色低碳发展大趋势仍将延 续。我国在争取全球应对气候变化事业话语权、新能源企业发展、油气资 源进口等方面迎来机遇，我国既应抢未来、坚定支持新能源产业巩固提升 国 际 市 场 地 位 ， 又 应 稳 当下 、 充 分 发挥 煤油 气 作用 稳 能 源 价 格 保 能 源 安 全。金融机构应坚定服务国家绿色发展大局，同时努力保持经营稳健性和 国际竞争力。 特朗普2.0时代全球绿色低碳转型大势仍将推进 特朗普二次上台后，美国绿色低碳政策再次"变脸"。在《联合国气候变化框架公约》下，全球先后形成 《京都议定书》和《巴黎协定》两份具备法律约束力、具有里程碑意义的文件。受两党政治纷争掣肘， 美国绿色低碳政策"三进三出"。 美国金融业倾向于降低绿色标准。2023年来，美国出现反ESG浪潮，ESG基金市场规模萎缩，金融机构 退出绿色合作平台。2024年特朗普二次胜选后该趋势加强，花旗、美国、高盛、富国、摩根大通和摩根 士丹利六大银行相继退出净零银行联盟（简称NZBA），贝莱德退出净零资产管理公司倡议。特别是 20 ...

Core Viewpoint - In April 2025, China's exports grew by 8.1% year-on-year, exceeding the 5.8% growth in the first quarter, despite the impact of new U.S. tariffs implemented on April 2 [2][6] Export Performance Analysis - The resilience in exports can be attributed to a 21.0% year-on-year decline in exports to the U.S., which, while significant, was better than expected. Exports to ASEAN, India, Africa, and Latin America saw year-on-year growth rates of 20.8%, 21.7%, 25.3%, and 17.3%, respectively, effectively offsetting the decline [2][8][10] - Major export categories showed mixed results, with labor-intensive products like textiles, bags, clothing, and toys experiencing a combined year-on-year decline of 0.8%. Electronics, particularly mobile phones, were significantly affected by tariffs, with year-on-year declines of 21.4% for phones and 1.7% for automatic data processing equipment. Home appliances and furniture also saw low growth rates of -2.9% and -7.8%, respectively. However, automotive exports increased slightly by 4.4%, surpassing the first quarter's 2.2% [2][12][15][16] Competitive Advantage of Chinese Manufacturing - April's export data highlighted the competitiveness and resilience of "Made in China" products. China's manufacturing sector has both scale and efficiency advantages, as evidenced by its global manufacturing value added share of approximately 31% in 2021, compared to the U.S. at 16% and Japan at 6%. The Competitive Industrial Performance (CIP) index shows China ranked second globally in 2021, up from 35th in 1990 [3][17] Caution on Tariff Impact - There is a need for vigilance regarding the impact of tariffs, as the effects may become more pronounced in the coming months. Historical data from 2018 indicates that significant tariff implementations led to delayed impacts on export growth, with a notable decline occurring several months after tariffs were enacted. The April PMI data showed a 4.3-point month-on-month decline in export orders, particularly in textiles, chemicals, and midstream equipment manufacturing, indicating a potential lag in the transmission from orders to delivery [3][18][19] Economic Growth Dynamics - The relationship between growth momentum and stabilization efforts is likened to a seesaw, with current economic conditions suggesting a continued focus on counter-cyclical policies. Despite a strong actual growth rate in the first quarter, nominal growth remains low, with tax revenue and profits from large enterprises showing declines. The government is expected to leverage recent policy measures to stimulate domestic demand and address the ongoing pressures from tariffs [4][20]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the need for financial innovation to support the development of the data factor market, addressing challenges such as data asset valuation and risk management in financial institutions [1][2] - A significant bottleneck in the data factor market is the difficulty in valuing data assets, which hinders their use as collateral for loans. Financial institutions are hesitant to lend against data assets due to their rapid depreciation and uncertainty in valuation [2] - The increasing global influence of Chinese technology companies is leading to a rise in overseas listings, presenting both opportunities and challenges for domestic capital markets. If domestic markets do not enhance their attractiveness, high-quality companies may migrate abroad [4] Group 2 - New types of risks are emerging from the use of standardized AI algorithms in financial institutions, which can lead to homogeneity in risk assessment and potential market volatility due to collective investor behavior [5] - The importance of both digital intelligence and institutional innovation is highlighted, as the financial sector must not only focus on technological advancements but also on improving regulatory frameworks and market mechanisms to enhance competitiveness [6] - China's financial technology patent applications accounted for over 40% of the global total in 2022, indicating rapid technological advancement, yet there remains a need for systemic improvements to avoid inefficiencies in a highly digitized financial system [6]

Group 1 - The article discusses the book "Small County, Big City," which explores a unique urbanization path in China, focusing on the development of smaller counties through distinctive industrial policies [1] - The research is based on five years of field studies and highlights the interaction between local governance and economic development, emphasizing the dual-driven mechanism of government and market [1] - The book provides insights into how institutional innovation can generate new social vitality, offering a new perspective on the political and economic relationships during China's transition period [1] Group 2 - The article introduces the book "Going Global: The Turning Point and Breakthrough of Chinese Manufacturing," which examines the rapid global expansion of Chinese manufacturing [6] - It highlights the challenges faced by Chinese companies, including increasing tariff barriers and the need to rebuild supply chain capabilities overseas [7] - The narrative emphasizes that the focus of Chinese manufacturing's global outreach is not merely on reshoring but on restoring competitive advantages in international markets [7] Group 3 - The article presents the book "Investment Knowledge Learned from Darwin," which addresses the current crisis in the investment industry where most fund managers struggle to outperform the market [10] - The author draws parallels between evolutionary biology and investment strategies, suggesting that understanding natural survival strategies can inform investment decisions [11] - The book emphasizes the importance of perspective and mindset over technical skills, providing valuable insights for investors navigating complex market conditions [11]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of enhancing consumer spending in China through improved income, social security, and consumption quality, while advocating for a systematic approach to consumption policy that aligns supply and demand effectively [1][2]. Group 1: Demand Side - The foundation for enhancing consumer spending lies in stabilizing the real estate and stock markets, which are crucial for maintaining residents' asset expectations and consumption willingness [4]. - Over 400 million people in China are classified as middle-income households, defined by an annual income between 100,000 and 500,000 yuan [4]. - The government aims to restore residents' balance sheets by ensuring stability in property and stock markets, thereby boosting consumer confidence [4]. Group 2: Supply Side - The shift towards a service and digital economy necessitates an increase in the supply of quality goods and services, as traditional goods consumption is declining [5][6]. - The rise of sectors such as cultural tourism, healthcare, and education indicates a growing demand for service consumption, with online retail's share of total social retail sales increasing from under 13% in 2015 to over 30% currently [5][6]. - Key areas for supply enhancement include green consumption, high-end products, and new consumption models, particularly in electric vehicles and smart home appliances [6]. Group 3: Government Coordination - There is a need for a coordinated consumption policy framework that addresses the diverse and multi-layered consumer demands across different regions and demographics [7]. - Central government policies should focus on overall planning and leverage fiscal incentives and major project layouts to stimulate consumption [7]. - Local governments should tailor policies to fit regional consumption habits and economic conditions, fostering a collaborative ecosystem between central and local authorities [7].

文/邮储银行总行消费信贷部副总经理 秦维维 内 需 是 推 动 中 国 经 济 巨 轮 破 浪 前 行 的 澎 湃 动 力 。 2 0 2 5 年 《 政 府 工 作 报 告》明确提出"加快补上内需特别是消费短板，使内需成为拉动经济增长 的主动力和稳定锚"，把促消费、惠民生结合起来，大力提振消费将成为 今年经济工作的重中之重。这对于扭转2024年以来社会消费品零售总额 增幅回落、内需及最终消费支出对经济增长贡献下行的局面意义重大。 态"的发展态势，即通过打破行业壁垒，数据跨界融合，打造多方主体相互依存的协同生态，提升购物 体验。前瞻性来看，随着AI技术的日益成熟，自动驾驶、智能穿戴、人形机器人等新技术产品开发与 推广成为消费新热点，"AI+消费"的深度融合将开启消费市场新篇章，以消费需求重塑生产供给成为新 的商业经营逻辑，能够满足消费者个性化与定制化需求的企业才能在激烈的市场竞争中脱颖而出。 数字金融的赋能路径与行业实践 做好数字金融大文章是建设金融强国的必然要求。人民银行等七部门联合印发的《推动数字金融高质量 发展行动方案》指出，要以数据要素和数字技术为关键驱动，以服务大众为价值目标，有效提高金融产 品服务 ...

文/中国社会科学院金融研究所副所长、国家金融与发展实验室副主任 张明 ， 香港中文大学（深圳）国际事务研究院研究助理 杨芸淞 ，香港中文大学（深圳） 国际事务研究院助理院长、副研究员 包宏 近年来，加密货币的影响力日益渗透至政治领域，尤其在2024年美国大 选中，获得共和党总统候选人特朗普的大力支持。特朗普政府的加密货币 政策，既是其本人及家族追求政治与经济利益的体现，也延续了与民主党 在政策理念上的长期博弈。同时，该政策试图为提振美国经济、缓解政府 债务问题开辟新路径，并进一步巩固美国在全球加密资产、区块链等前沿 领域的主导地位。预计这一政策转向将在国际货币体系、金融市场与金融 监管三个层面对全球金融秩序产生冲击。国际货币体系的数字化转型已势 在必行，加密货币领域的国际监管合作亟待加强，以及需重新审视加密货 币创新与监管之间的平衡关系。 一方面，如果美国率先确立加密货币友好型监管框架，或将加速美国国内金融创新与产业升级， 推动 区块链技术在金融基础设施、供应链管理、数字身份认证等领域的应用。 在推动加密货币及区块链技 术迈向更成熟发展阶段的同时，也会进一步巩固美国在全球数字金融及区块链领域的领导地位。另一方 ...