Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve may adjust its asset portfolio to better align its assets and liabilities, mitigating interest rate risks and improving its negative asset situation, which could provide crucial support to the U.S. Treasury and reshape the supply-demand dynamics in the short-term bond market [1]. Group 1: Federal Reserve's Strategy - The Federal Reserve is likely to gradually reinvest the proceeds from maturing mortgage-backed securities (MBS) into short-term Treasury bills (T-bills) and convert maturing Treasury bonds into shorter-term notes, aiming to shorten liability durations and reduce the impact of long-term interest rate fluctuations on its balance sheet [3]. - The potential scale of this operation could approach $1 trillion, as the Treasury has recently issued about $1 trillion in short-term notes, with the Federal Reserve possibly becoming a major buyer, creating new demand in the front end of the market [3]. Group 2: Impact on Treasury and Bond Market - The U.S. Treasury has been increasing short-term bond issuance to address the expanding fiscal deficit and accelerate cash reserves replenishment after the debt ceiling was raised in June. The Federal Reserve's shift towards short-term Treasury investments could absorb some of the new supply, alleviating concerns about supply-demand imbalances in the short-term bond market [3]. - This adjustment may enhance liquidity in the short-term bond market but could also increase volatility in long-term bonds. Additionally, a large-scale shift to short-term Treasury securities may indirectly affect the stability of the overnight funding market [4].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the development of pension risk management in Europe and the United States, aiming to provide insights for the development of the second and third pillars of pension insurance in China [2]. Group 1: Pension Risk Transfer (PRT) Overview - PRT is a financial arrangement where companies transfer the payment responsibilities of defined benefit (DB) pension plans to insurance companies, aiming to reduce risks such as longevity risk, investment risk, and interest rate risk [4][5]. - The emergence of the PRT market in Europe and the U.S. is driven by multiple factors, including aging populations, accounting standards requiring market value measurement of pension liabilities, and the complexity of pension asset-liability management [5][6]. Group 2: Historical Development Stages - Initial Stage (Pre-1980s): Pension plans evolved from informal commitments to structured DB plans, with companies facing increasing financial pressure due to aging populations and investment volatility [8]. - Emergence Stage (1980-2000): The introduction of regulatory frameworks like ERISA in the U.S. and the establishment of PBGC laid the groundwork for PRT transactions, with early examples like General Motors' group annuity transaction [9][10]. - Growth Stage (2000-2015): The PRT market saw accelerated development due to advancements in actuarial technology and regulatory support, with significant transactions such as General Motors transferring $25 billion in pension liabilities [14][15]. - Boom Stage (2015-2025): The U.S. and U.K. markets experienced explosive growth in PRT transactions, with notable deals like AT&T's $31 billion transaction in 2022, pushing annual PRT transaction volumes to new highs [16][17]. Group 3: PRT Mechanisms - Buy-in: Companies purchase annuity contracts from insurers to cover pension liabilities while retaining legal responsibility on their balance sheets [22]. - Buy-out: Companies transfer pension liabilities to insurers, removing these liabilities from their balance sheets entirely [22]. - Longevity Swap: A financial agreement that transfers longevity risk from pension plans to insurers, which can further transfer this risk to reinsurers [22][23]. Group 4: Role of Insurance Companies - Insurance companies play a crucial role in the PRT process by taking on pension liabilities and managing longevity risk through various financial instruments, thus transforming their role from asset managers to long-term liability bearers [26][28]. - The development of a multi-layered risk transfer structure involving insurers and reinsurers enhances the capacity for managing longevity risk and supports the evolution of pension systems [28]. Group 5: Challenges in China - China's pension system primarily relies on defined contribution (DC) plans, lacking the historical context of DB plans that facilitate risk transfer, leading to a deficiency in systematic longevity risk management capabilities [30][31]. - The absence of a robust regulatory framework specifically addressing pension liabilities and longevity risk hampers the development of a comprehensive risk management system in China's insurance industry [30]. Group 6: Recommendations for Development - To establish a pension risk transfer mechanism in China, it is suggested to leverage the third pillar of the pension system, focusing on transforming individual accounts into lifetime annuity products [36][38]. - The creation of a national pension reinsurance platform is recommended to facilitate risk sharing and enhance the capacity of insurance companies to provide long-term guarantees [38].

Core Viewpoint - The current liquidity level in the US remains healthy, but the focus should shift to the effectiveness of monetary policy stimulus, particularly the transmission of interest rate cuts to long-term rates, which is crucial for the recovery of the real economy [2][4][22] Group 1: Liquidity Status - Following the Silicon Valley Bank crisis, there has been no large-scale financial risk exposure in the US, and the stock market has recovered and reached new highs [4] - The US liquidity stock level is healthy, with concerns not stemming from insufficient liquidity but from potential mismatches and increased risk exposure due to further liquidity injections [4][11] - The current excess reserves in the US are approximately $900 billion, significantly higher than the $80 billion level during the 2019 repo market crisis [7] Group 2: Monetary Policy and Economic Impact - The effectiveness of interest rate cuts in stimulating the real economy is under scrutiny, as the transmission to long-term rates remains weak, limiting recovery in sectors like manufacturing and real estate [22] - The average duration of assets on bank balance sheets is increasing, raising concerns about interest rate sensitivity and liquidity risks [22][18] - The low supply of non-bond assets, such as commercial loans and residential mortgages, has led banks to allocate more to bond assets, further increasing average duration and interest rate risk [18] Group 3: Structural Changes in Financial System - The proportion of US Treasury securities in banks' loanable assets has increased by nearly 8 percentage points to 53%, primarily due to an increase in held-to-maturity assets [13] - The overall losses in the US banking sector amount to $410 billion, with approximately $260 billion stemming from held-to-maturity assets, which limits banks' credit supply capabilities [17] - The distribution of reserves has become more even, with the largest banks bearing the brunt of the Fed's balance sheet reduction, indicating a more resilient financial system [8][10]

Group 1 - The core concept of bonds is that they are debt instruments issued by borrowers to investors, who receive periodic interest payments and the return of principal at maturity [1] - Different types of bonds carry varying levels of risk and return, with government bonds generally considered lower risk due to national backing, while corporate bonds can vary significantly based on the issuing company's financial health [1][2] - Bond ratings are crucial for assessing risk, as higher ratings indicate lower default risk, and investors should analyze the issuer's financial condition, including assets, profitability, and cash flow [2] Group 2 - Economic conditions significantly impact bond performance; during economic slowdowns, bonds may be favored for their safety, while in overheating economies, inflation expectations can pressure bond prices [2] - A diversified investment strategy involving various types and maturities of bonds can mitigate risks associated with individual bonds, combining government, municipal, and high-quality corporate bonds [2] - Holding bonds to maturity is a straightforward method to ensure stable returns, as long as the issuer does not default, despite market price fluctuations due to interest rate changes [3] Group 3 - Interest rate risk is a critical factor in bond investing, as rising rates can decrease the attractiveness of existing bonds, leading to price declines, while falling rates can increase their prices [3]

Core Viewpoint - The recent trend in dollar-denominated wealth management products shows a dual characteristic of high returns attracting investments while also experiencing early profit-taking due to preset mechanisms [1][2][3] Group 1: Product Performance - Several dollar-denominated wealth management products have reached their preset profit-taking conditions, leading to early termination, such as the 招银理财 product with a target yield of 4.2% [2] - As of July 10, 2025, there are 1,328 existing dollar wealth management products with a total scale of 4,616.99 billion yuan, reflecting a 50.2% increase from the end of the previous year [3] - Many current dollar wealth management products have performance benchmarks exceeding 4%, with some reaching as high as 5% to 5.45% [3] Group 2: Market Risks - The high returns of dollar wealth management products are primarily driven by the high benchmark interest rates in the U.S., but they carry hidden risks related to exchange rate fluctuations and potential interest rate declines [1][4] - The difference in risk exposure between dollar and yuan-denominated products is significant, as yuan products do not face exchange rate risks, while dollar products do [4] - The expectation of a potential interest rate cut by the Federal Reserve could compress the yields of dollar-denominated assets, leading to a dual erosion of returns from both declining yields and exchange rate volatility [4][5] Group 3: Investor Considerations - Investors should distinguish between actual returns and target returns, as target returns do not guarantee actual performance [5] - Attention should be paid to interest rate risks, as early rate cuts by the Federal Reserve could lead to a rapid decline in dollar asset yields [5] - Investors must also be cautious of exchange rate risks, as fluctuations in the RMB/USD exchange rate could negate returns, especially if the RMB appreciates against the dollar [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the allure and hidden risks of large-denomination certificates of deposit (CDs) in China, highlighting the significant growth in their balance and the potential pitfalls for investors [3][5]. Summary by Sections Liquidity Risk - Large-denomination CDs have a liquidity risk that many investors overlook, with high penalties for early withdrawal. For instance, early withdrawal can reduce a 3.85% annual yield to as low as 0.3% [3][5]. In 2024, 32% of large-denomination CDs were withdrawn early due to cash flow issues, resulting in an average loss of 8,500 yuan per investor [3]. Interest Rate Risk - High interest rates on large-denomination CDs often reflect banks' pressure to attract deposits. A report indicated that a city commercial bank offered an average rate of 4.2%, while its non-performing loan rate rose to 1.78%, indicating potential risks in fulfilling high-interest commitments [5][9]. Inflation Risk - Inflation significantly impacts the real returns on large-denomination CDs. With the Consumer Price Index (CPI) rising from 2.8% in 2024 to 3.2% in early 2025, the actual yield on three-year CDs, which range from 3.6% to 4.0%, is only 0.6% to 1.0% after accounting for inflation [5][6]. Asset Allocation Risk - Concentrating funds in large-denomination CDs contradicts basic asset allocation principles. The annualized return of the A-share market index was 12.7%, significantly higher than the returns from large-denomination CDs, which suggests a lack of portfolio flexibility [6][14]. Credit Risk - Large-denomination CDs carry credit risk, as the deposit insurance system only covers up to 500,000 yuan per depositor per bank. In 2024, 28% of investors in a failing local bank had funds exceeding this limit, facing potential losses [9][10]. Interest Rate Change Risk - The fixed income nature of large-denomination CDs limits investors' ability to benefit from rising interest rates. Data shows that investors who purchased three-year CDs in 2024 lost approximately 0.8% in potential returns by 2025 due to rate increases [10][12]. Diversified Investment Strategy - A diversified investment strategy is recommended, with emergency funds in liquid accounts, mid-term funds in bond funds, and long-term investments in equities. A survey indicated that a balanced asset allocation model achieved an annual return of 8.2% with reasonable risk levels [14][15]. Conclusion - The article concludes that while large-denomination CDs may seem attractive, their associated risks necessitate a careful evaluation of personal financial goals and risk tolerance, advocating for rational investment and risk diversification [15].

Report Summary 1. Investment Ratings The report does not explicitly provide an overall industry investment rating. However, it offers specific outlooks and trading suggestions for various commodities. 2. Core Views - **Macro Environment**: Market uncertainties persist across different sectors, influencing the price movements of various commodities. The economic situation, policy changes, and geopolitical factors all play significant roles in shaping market trends [1]. - **Commodity - Specific Trends**: Different commodities have distinct price trends based on their supply - demand fundamentals, cost factors, and external influences such as tariffs and geopolitical events. For example, some metals are expected to face downward pressure due to factors like supply increases or cost - related issues, while others may see price rebounds or stabilizations [1]. 3. Summary by Commodity Categories **Macro - Financial** - **Equity Index**: In the short term, with limited domestic and international positive factors, but decent market sentiment and liquidity, the equity index may show a relatively strong oscillatory pattern [1]. - **Treasury Bonds**: Asset shortage and a weak economy are favorable for bond futures, but the central bank's short - term warning about interest - rate risks restricts upward movement [1]. **Precious Metals** - **Gold**: Given market uncertainties, the gold price is expected to mainly oscillate in the short term [1]. - **Silver**: Similar to gold, the silver price is likely to oscillate due to market uncertainties [1]. **Base Metals** - **Copper**: The potential implementation of US copper tariffs may lead to a back - flow of non - US copper, posing a risk of price correction for Shanghai and London copper [1]. - **Aluminum**: With the cooling of the Fed's interest - rate cut expectations and high prices suppressing downstream demand, the aluminum price faces a risk of decline. However, the domestic anti - involution policy boosts the expectation of supply - side reform, causing the alumina price to stabilize and rebound [1]. - **Zinc**: Tariff disturbances are increasing, and the expected inventory build - up is still pressuring the zinc price. Traders are advised to look for short - selling opportunities [1]. - **Nickel**: With macro uncertainties and a slight decline in the premium of Indonesian nickel ore, the nickel price is expected to oscillate weakly. Short - term short - selling is recommended, and in the long - term, the oversupply of primary nickel will continue to exert downward pressure [1]. - **Stainless Steel**: After a rebound, the sustainability of the stainless - steel price is uncertain. Short - term trading is advised, and selling hedges can be considered at high prices, while keeping an eye on raw - material changes and steel production [1]. - **Tin**: With increasing tariff disturbances, the tin price is mainly priced based on macro factors. In the short term, the supply - demand situation is weak, and the driving force for price movement is limited [1]. - **Industrial Silicon**: The supply shows a pattern of decrease in the north and increase in the south. Although the demand for polysilicon has a marginal increase, there are expectations of future production cuts. After the price rally, market divergence is likely to emerge [1]. - **Polysilicon**: There are expectations of supply - side reform in the photovoltaic market, and market sentiment is high [1]. - **Carbonate Lithium**: The supply side has not seen production cuts, downstream replenishment is mainly by traders, and there is capital - based gaming in the market [1]. **Black Metals** - **Rebar and Hot - Rolled Coil**: The strong performance of furnace materials provides cost support, but the spot market for hot - rolled coils has a risk of marginal weakening. Both are expected to oscillate [1]. - **Iron Ore**: In the short term, production has increased, demand is decent, supply - demand is relatively balanced, but cost support is insufficient, and the price is under pressure [1]. - **Manganese Silicon**: The price is under pressure due to short - term production increases, relatively balanced supply - demand, and insufficient cost support [1]. - **Silicon Iron**: Production has slightly increased, demand is okay, and supply - demand is relatively balanced [1]. - **Glass**: There is an improvement in the supply - demand margin in the short term, with stable supply and resilient demand. However, in the medium - term, oversupply may make it difficult for the price to rise [1]. - **Soda Ash**: Supply has been disrupted, direct and terminal demand is weak, cost support has weakened, and the price is under pressure [1]. - **Coking Coal and Coke**: For coking coal, short - term short - selling opportunities can be considered, and for coke, focus on selling hedges when the futures price has a premium [1]. **Agricultural Products** - **Palm Oil**: OPEC +'s unexpected production increase causes a decline in crude oil prices, and palm oil is expected to follow suit. In the long run, international oil - fat demand is expected to increase, so a bullish view is taken on far - month contracts [1]. - **Soybean Oil**: The near - month fundamentals are weak, but it may show a relatively strong performance due to the influence of palm oil [1]. - **Cotton**: In the short term, there are disturbances such as trade negotiations and weather premiums for US cotton. In the long - term, macro uncertainties are high. The domestic cotton - spinning industry is in the off - season, and downstream inventories are starting to accumulate. Overall, the domestic cotton price is expected to show a weakly oscillatory downward trend [1]. - **Sugar**: Brazil's 2025/26 sugar production is expected to reach a record high, but if crude oil prices continue to be weak, it may affect the sugar - production ratio and lead to higher - than - expected sugar output [1]. - **Corn**: Short - term policy - driven grain releases and a low wheat - corn price difference have a negative impact on the corn market. The futures price is expected to oscillate, and for the far - month CO1 contract, short - selling opportunities at high prices can be considered [1]. - **Soybean Meal**: In the US, the supply - demand balance sheet is expected to tighten. If Sino - US trade policies remain unchanged, there is an expectation of inventory reduction in the fourth quarter for soybean meal, and the far - month contract price is expected to rise. If an agreement is reached, the overall decline in the futures price is expected to be limited [1]. **Energy and Chemicals** - **Crude Oil and Fuel Oil**: With the cooling of the Middle - East geopolitical situation, the market returns to being dominated by supply - demand logic. OPEC +'s unexpected production increase and strong short - term consumption in Europe and the US during the peak season are the main influencing factors [1]. - **Natural Rubber**: The downstream demand is showing a weakening trend, the supply - side production is expected to increase, and inventory has slightly increased [1]. - **BR Rubber**: There have been recent device disturbances stimulating the price increase, OPEC's unexpected production increase, the fundamentals of synthetic rubber are under pressure, and attention should be paid to the price adjustments of butadiene and cis - butadiene and the de - stocking progress of synthetic rubber [1]. - **PTA**: The PTA basis continues to weaken, but the crude - oil price remains strong. The polyester downstream load remains at 90% despite the expectation of reduction, and the PTA spot market is becoming more abundant, with low replenishment willingness from polyester manufacturers due to profit compression [1]. - **Ethylene Glycol**: The coal price has slightly increased, the future arrival volume of ethylene glycol is large, and the concentrated procurement due to improved polyester sales has an impact on the market [1]. - **Short - Fiber**: The short - fiber warehouse - receipt registration volume is low, and factory maintenance has increased. With a high basis, the cost of short - fiber is closely related to the market [1]. - **Styrene**: The pure - benzene price has slightly recovered, the import volume has decreased, the styrene device load has increased, the styrene inventory is concentrated, and the styrene basis has significantly weakened [1]. - **Urea**: Domestic demand is average, the summer agricultural demand is coming to an end, but the export expectation in the second half of the year is improving [1]. - **PE**: With good macro - sentiment, many maintenance activities, and mainly rigid demand, the price is expected to oscillate strongly [1]. - **PP**: The maintenance support is limited, orders are mainly for rigid demand, and the anti - involution policy has boosted market sentiment, causing the price to oscillate strongly [1]. - **PVC**: The price of coking coal has increased, the market sentiment is good, the number of maintenance activities has decreased compared to the previous period, but the downstream has entered the seasonal off - season, and the supply pressure has increased. The price is expected to oscillate strongly [1]. - **Caustic Soda**: Maintenance is nearly over, the spot price has dropped to a low level, the decline in liquid chlorine has eroded the comprehensive profit of the chlor - alkali industry, and the number of current warehouse receipts is low. Attention should be paid to the change in liquid chlorine [1]. - **LPG**: The July CP prices of propane and butane have both decreased, OPEC + has unexpectedly increased production, the combustion and chemical demand for LPG is in the seasonal off - season, and the spot price decline is slow, so the PG price still has room to fall [1]. **Shipping** - **Container Shipping (European Route)**: There is a pattern of stable current situation and weak future expectations. The freight rate is expected to reach its peak in mid - July, showing an arc - top trend, and the peak - reaching time is advanced. The subsequent weeks will have sufficient capacity deployment [1].

Report Investment Ratings - **Bullish**: Palm oil (long - term) [1] - **Bearish**: Copper, Aluminum, Alumina, Zinc, Iron ore (short - term), Crude oil, Fuel oil, Asphalt, BR rubber, PTA, Ethylene glycol, Logs, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Bitumen, Shanghai stocks, BR rubber, PTA, Ethylene glycol, Short fiber, Styrene, Cotton (domestic, long - term), Corn (near - term), Soybean (far - month C01) [1] - **Neutral (Oscillating)**: Stock index, Treasury bond, Gold, Silver, Nickel, Stainless steel, Steel, Coke, Coking coal, Coke breeze, Rapeseed oil, Cotton (domestic, short - term), Sugar, Pulp, Live pigs, PE, PVC, Caustic soda, LPG, Container shipping secondary line [1] Core Views The report provides trend judgments and logical analyses for various commodities in different sectors. Market conditions are influenced by multiple factors such as macroeconomic data (e.g., US non - farm payrolls), geopolitical situations (e.g., Middle East tensions), supply - demand relationships, and policy changes. Different commodities show different trends, including upward, downward, and oscillating movements, and investors are advised to pay attention to relevant factors for each commodity [1]. Summary by Industry Macroeconomic and Financial - **Stock Index**: In the short term, market trading volume gradually shrinks slightly, and with mediocre domestic and international positive factors, there is resistance to upward breakthrough, and it may show an oscillating pattern. Follow - up attention should be paid to macro - incremental information for direction guidance [1] - **Treasury Bond**: Asset shortage and weak economy are beneficial to bond futures, but the central bank has recently warned of interest - rate risks, suppressing the upward space [1] - **Precious Metals (Gold and Silver)**: Market uncertainties remain. Gold and silver prices are expected to oscillate mainly. Attention should be paid to tariff developments [1] Non - ferrous Metals - **Base Metals**: Due to factors such as the cooling of the Fed's interest - rate cut expectations, high prices suppressing downstream demand, and inventory changes, copper, aluminum, alumina, zinc, etc., have downward risks. Nickel prices oscillate, and attention should be paid to supply and macro - changes [1] - **Stainless Steel**: After an oscillating rebound, the sustainability needs to be observed. Attention should be paid to raw material changes and actual steel - mill production [1] - **Industrial Silicon and Polysilicon**: Industrial silicon has a downward risk, and polysilicon is affected by supply - side reform expectations and market sentiment [1] - **Lithium Hydroxide**: Supply has not been reduced, downstream replenishment is mainly by traders, and there is capital gaming. The price oscillates [1] Ferrous Metals - **Steel and Related Products**: Macro uncertainties remain. With raw material price weakening, social inventory slightly declining, and steel - mill production reduction news boosting confidence, the market situation is complex. The sustainability of stainless - steel rebound needs to be observed [1] Agricultural Products - **Oils and Fats**: OPEC +'s unexpected production increase causes oils to follow the decline of crude oil. In the long term, international oil demand increases, and the far - month contracts of palm oil are bullish [1] - **Cotton**: In the short term, there are disturbances such as trade negotiations and weather premiums. In the long term, macro uncertainties are strong. Domestic cotton prices are expected to oscillate weakly [1] - **Sugar**: Brazil's sugar production is expected to reach a record high. If crude oil continues to be weak, it may affect Brazil's sugar - making ratio and production [1] - **Corn and Soybeans**: Corn is affected by policy - based grain releases and price differences. Soybeans have different trends for near - and far - month contracts, depending on factors such as supply - demand and trade policies [1] - **Pulp and Logs**: Pulp has low valuation and macro - positive factors. Logs are in the off - season, and supply decline is limited [1] - **Live Pigs**: With the continuous repair of pig inventory, the market shows a certain stability [1] Energy and Chemicals - **Crude Oil and Related Products**: Due to the cooling of the Middle East geopolitical situation and OPEC +'s unexpected production increase, crude oil, fuel oil, etc., have downward risks [1] - **Petrochemical Products**: PTA, ethylene glycol, etc., are affected by factors such as cost, supply - demand, and production - reduction expectations [1] - **Synthetic Rubber**: BR rubber is under pressure due to factors such as OPEC's production increase and high basis [1] - **Plastics and Chemicals**: PE, PVC, caustic soda, etc., show different trends due to factors such as maintenance, demand, and market sentiment [1] - **LPG**: Affected by factors such as price cuts, production increases, and seasonal demand, it has downward space [1] Other - **Container Shipping**: It is expected that the freight rate will reach its peak in mid - July and show an arc - top trend from July to August. The subsequent shipping capacity is relatively sufficient [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the misconceptions surrounding government bond funds, emphasizing that they are not risk-free despite being perceived as safe assets due to government backing [1][3]. Group 1: Understanding Government Bond Funds - Government bond funds are specifically designed to invest in government bonds, which are backed by the credit of the state, theoretically presenting a low risk of default [1]. - In 2022, China's government bond issuance exceeded 7 trillion yuan, with a significant portion entering the market through funds, highlighting their role as a stabilizing asset in investment portfolios [1]. Group 2: Risks Associated with Government Bond Funds - **Interest Rate Risk**: The relationship between bond prices and interest rates is crucial; when market interest rates rise, existing bonds lose value, as seen in the 12% average decline of U.S. government bond funds in 2022 due to consecutive rate hikes by the Federal Reserve [3][5]. - **Liquidity Risk**: Government bond funds can be open-ended or closed-ended. Open-ended funds may face forced selling during large redemptions, impacting remaining investors, while closed-ended funds may trade at a discount to net asset value, posing additional risks [6]. - **Inflation Risk**: If a government bond fund yields 3% but inflation is at 4%, the real purchasing power decreases, which can lead to significant losses over long-term investments [7][9]. Group 3: Misconceptions and Investment Strategy - The notion of "zero risk" is misleading; while government bond funds are safer than other investment vehicles, they still carry unique risks that differ from stocks or P2P lending [9]. - Investors should be cautious of funds that use leverage or invest in lower-rated corporate bonds to enhance returns, as these strategies can lead to substantial losses during market downturns [9].

1. Report Industry Investment Ratings - **Bullish**: Copper, Aluminum, Alumina, Industrial Silicon, Polysilicon, Palm Oil, Soybean Oil, Rapeseed Oil, Crude Oil, Fuel Oil, Asphalt, PE, PVC [1] - **Bearish**: Silver, Zinc, Nickel, Stainless Steel, Tin, Carbonate Lithium, Cotton, Pulp, Logs, Natural Rubber, BR Rubber, PTA, Ethylene Glycol, Short - Fiber, Styrene, LPG, Container Shipping European Line [1] - **Neutral (Oscillating)**: Stock Index, Treasury Bonds, Gold, Zinc, Nickel, Stainless Steel, Carbonate Lithium, Rebar, Hot - Rolled Coil, Iron Ore, Coke, Sinter, Ferroalloy, Glass, Soda Ash, Bitumen, Cotton, Sugar, Corn, Soybean Meal, Live Pigs, Crude Oil, Fuel Oil, PTA, Ethylene Glycol, Short - Fiber, PE, PP, PVC, Chlor - Alkali [1] 2. Core Views of the Report - In the short term, market trading volume is gradually shrinking, and with mediocre domestic and foreign positive factors, the stock index faces resistance in breaking upward and may show an oscillating pattern. The bond futures are favored by the asset shortage and weak economy, but the central bank's short - term interest - rate risk warning restricts the upward space. The price of gold is supported by factors such as renewed tariff uncertainties and the passage of the US tax - reform bill in the Senate, but the slowdown of the US dollar index decline requires vigilance against the suppression of the gold price by a staged rebound. The macro and commodity attributes support the silver price, but the fundamentals limit its upside. Copper prices are strong in the short term due to the recovery of market risk appetite and the fermentation of the squeeze - out situation of US copper and LME copper. Aluminum prices are strong due to the low - level operation of electrolytic aluminum inventories and the improvement of market risk appetite. The overall market sentiment has improved, and attention should be paid to the progress of tariffs and changes in domestic and foreign economic data [1]. 3. Summaries by Relevant Catalogs Macro - finance - **Stock Index**: Short - term upward breakthrough is difficult, may oscillate, and follow - up focus on macro incremental information [1] - **Treasury Bonds**: Favored by asset shortage and weak economy, but short - term upward space is restricted by interest - rate risk warning [1] - **Gold**: Supported by tariff uncertainties and tax - reform bill, but beware of the impact of the US dollar index rebound [1] - **Silver**: Supported by macro and commodity attributes, but limited by fundamentals [1] Non - ferrous Metals - **Copper**: Strong in the short term due to risk - appetite recovery and squeeze - out situation [1] - **Aluminum**: Strong due to low inventory and improved market sentiment [1] - **Alumina**: Maintains a strong operation [1] - **Zinc**: Affected by news in the short term, beware of risks in short - selling [1] - **Nickel**: Rebounds in the short term but limited upside, long - term surplus pressure exists [1] - **Stainless Steel**: Short - term oscillating rebound, long - term supply pressure remains [1] - **Tin**: Rebounds due to improved macro sentiment, follow - up focus on imports [1] - **Industrial Silicon**: Bullish due to production cuts and high market sentiment [1] - **Polysilicon**: Bullish due to supply - side reform expectations and high market sentiment [1] - **Carbonate Lithium**: Oscillates due to stable supply and weak downstream procurement [1] Black Metals - **Rebar**: Oscillates due to short - term factory production restrictions [1] - **Hot - Rolled Coil**: Oscillates due to short - term factory production restrictions [1] - **Iron Ore**: Oscillates with limited upside due to factory production restrictions and high short - term demand [1] - **Sinter**: Price is under pressure due to increased short - term production and weakening demand [1] - **Ferroalloy**: Excess pressure remains due to cost and demand factors [1] - **Glass**: Supply is stable in the short term, demand is resilient, but medium - term supply - demand surplus exists [1] - **Soda Ash**: Supply is disturbed, but demand is weak, and cost support is weakened [1] - **Coke**: Similar to coking coal, focus on futures premium for selling hedging [1] Agricultural Products - **Palm Oil**: Bullish in the short term, follow - up focus on hearings and supply - demand reports [1] - **Soybean Oil**: Similar to palm oil [1] - **Rapeseed Oil**: Similar to palm oil [1] - **Cotton**: Expected to oscillate weakly, affected by trade negotiations and weather in the short term, and macro uncertainties in the long term [1] - **Sugar**: Brazilian production is expected to increase, and pay attention to the impact of crude oil on the sugar - production ratio [1] - **Corn**: Expected to oscillate, with limited decline in the futures market, and C01 can be shorted at high prices [1] - **Soybean Meal**: Near - term inventory is expected to accumulate, and MO1 can be bought at low prices [1] - **Pulp**: Bearish due to falling prices, increased shipments, and weak domestic demand [1] - **Logs**: Weak due to off - season and limited supply decline [1] - **Live Pigs**: Futures are stable due to the continued recovery of inventory and limited decline in spot prices [1] Energy and Chemicals - **Crude Oil**: Oscillates due to geopolitical cooling, possible OPEC+ production increase, and consumption - season support [1] - **Fuel Oil**: Similar to crude oil [1] - **Asphalt**: Bearish due to cost drag, possible tax - refund increase, and slow demand recovery [1] - **Natural Rubber**: Bearish due to weakening demand, expected production increase, and inventory increase [1] - **BR Rubber**: Weak in the short term, follow - up focus on price adjustments and de - stocking progress [1] - **PTA**: Oscillates due to weakening basis, delayed plant maintenance, and strong PX floating [1] - **Ethylene Glycol**: Bearish due to large expected arrivals and negative macro - sentiment impact [1] - **Short - Fiber**: Oscillates, with low warehouse - receipt registration and cost following closely [1] - **Styrene**: Bearish due to weakening speculative demand, increased device load, and strong basis [1] - **PE**: Oscillates strongly due to good macro - sentiment, many overhauls, and rigid demand [1] - **PP**: Oscillates strongly due to limited overhaul support, rigid orders, and market sentiment [1] - **PVC**: Oscillates strongly due to policy support, upcoming new - device production, and seasonal demand changes [1] - **Chlor - Alkali**: Oscillates, follow - up focus on liquid - chlorine changes [1] - **LPG**: Bearish due to price cuts, seasonal demand decline, and narrow price difference [1] - **Container Shipping European Line**: Expected to peak in mid - July, with sufficient subsequent capacity [1]