不过央行的决策显然有着多维度的考量，其中商业银行息差压力是重要因素。当前银行业净息差已降至1.45%左右的近二十年低位，而活期储蓄利率仅 0.05%，进一步下调空间极为有限。 同时，三年期、五年期储蓄利率已不足1.5%，若继续降息，可能引发储蓄资金集中流动，也需兼顾资本流动的稳定性。 近日，市场期待的新一轮降息并未如期而至，中国人民银行授权公布的贷款市场报价利率（LPR）显示，1年期与5年期以上品种分别维持在3.0%和3.5%不 变，这已是LPR连续四个月保持稳定。 此前的9月17日，美联储宣布降息25个基点，将联邦基金利率区间下调至4.00%-4.25%，这是2025年美联储首次降息，多家研究机构预测四季度10月、12月还 可能再有两次降息，标志着其新一轮宽松周期的开启。 在美联储降息、国内物价偏弱且房地产市场调整压力较大的背景下，市场普遍期待国内跟进降息，既为维持人民币汇率相对稳定创造条件，也为经济恢复注 入动力。 下载 The State Character of School 16 200 16 1. W KX Diale - 11-24 这一思路与政府工作报告中"盘活存量用地、收购存量商品房"的部署 ...

Summary of Key Points Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) has maintained the Loan Prime Rate (LPR) for both the 1-year and 5-year terms at 3.0% and 3.5% respectively as of September 22, 2025, indicating a stable monetary policy environment [2]. Historical LPR Changes - The 1-year LPR has seen a gradual decline from 3.70% in January 2022 to 3.00% in September 2025, reflecting a total decrease of 70 basis points over this period [2][3]. - The 5-year LPR has also decreased from 4.60% in January 2022 to 3.50% in September 2025, marking a reduction of 110 basis points [2][3]. Recent Adjustments - The only adjustment to the LPR in 2025 occurred on May 20, when the 1-year LPR was lowered by 10 basis points from 3.10% to 3.00% [3]. Market Expectations - Following the recent interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve, industry experts anticipate that China may follow suit with potential reductions in reserve requirements or interest rates, suggesting a forthcoming wave of economic benefits [4].

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) announced a 600 billion MLF operation to maintain liquidity in the banking system, indicating a continued net injection of liquidity for the seventh consecutive month, aligning with market expectations [1][2]. Group 1: MLF Operations and Liquidity - The PBOC will conduct a 600 billion MLF operation on September 25, 2025, with a one-year term, using a fixed quantity and multi-price bidding method [1]. - In September, 300 billion MLF is maturing, resulting in a net injection of 300 billion MLF, maintaining a high level of net liquidity injection totaling 600 billion, consistent with the previous month [1][2]. - The continuous net injection of medium-term liquidity reflects the coordination between monetary and fiscal policies, supporting government bond issuance and meeting credit demand from enterprises and households [1][2]. Group 2: Market Conditions and Future Expectations - Recent market conditions, including rising mid-to-long-term interest rates and tightening liquidity, prompted the PBOC to increase fund injections through MLF to stabilize market expectations [2]. - The PBOC's ongoing net liquidity injection signals a supportive monetary policy stance, especially in light of declining macroeconomic indicators due to various factors [2]. - Looking ahead, there is an expectation for further monetary policy easing in the fourth quarter, including potential reserve requirement ratio cuts and the resumption of government bond trading, to ensure stable liquidity in the market [2].

Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the given content. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The bond market showed a volatile trend last week. The long - term yield fluctuated under the influence of multiple factors and finally returned to around 1.80%. The Fed restarted rate cuts in September, and there is a probability of further cuts in Q4. The domestic 9 - month LPR did not cut rates in September, and the total policy tools may not be introduced in the short term. However, the probability of bond trading and reserve requirement cuts is relatively high [1][3] - The 8 - month economic data released at the beginning of the week was weak, but the bond market's reaction was limited. News of Sino - US economic and trade talks and important articles affected market expectations. The restart of bond trading operations and the Fed's rate cut expectation drove the 10 - year Treasury yield down, while the Fed's statement and the adjustment of the central bank's reverse - repurchase operation mode also influenced the bond market [2] Summary by Directory 1. Interest - rate Bond Data Review for Last Week - **Funding Rates**: DR001 fluctuated between September 15 - 19, closing at 1.46% on September 19. R001 rose and then fell, closing at 1.50%. DR007 and FR007 also showed upward - then - downward trends [8] - **Open - market Operations**: The central bank's reverse - repurchase投放量 was 1.83 trillion yuan, with a total maturity of 1.26 trillion yuan, resulting in a net capital injection of 5623 billion yuan [8] - **Sino - US Market Interest Rate Comparison**: The interest - rate spread between Sino - US bonds inverted, and the inversion amplitude of long - and short - term spreads widened. The term spread of Chinese bonds slightly decreased, while that of US bonds slightly increased. The yield curve of Chinese bonds changed little, and that of US bonds shifted to the right [15][16] 2. High - frequency Real - estate Data Tracking - **First - tier Cities**: The average daily transaction area was 7.31 million square meters, and the average daily transaction volume was 680 units, showing a low - level volatile trend [24] - **Top Ten Cities**: The transaction data rebounded compared to last week, with an average daily transaction area of about 11.07 million square meters, an increase of 1.43 million square meters per day [25] - **30 Large and Medium - sized Cities**: The transaction volume remained at a historical low. The average daily transaction area was about 21.38 million square meters, and the average daily transaction volume was about 1914 units [26]

来源：21世纪经济报道 董希淼（招联首席研究员、上海金融与发展实验室副主任） 9月22日，在国新办新闻发布会上，中国人民银行行长潘功胜表示，将根据宏观经济运行情况和形势变 化，综合运用多种货币政策工具，保持流动性充裕，促进社会综合融资成本下降，巩固和增强经济回升 向好态势。 在5月两个期限贷款市场报价利率（LPR）各下降10个基点之后，9月1年期和5年期以上LPR分别维持在 3.0%、3.5%，连续四个月"按兵不动"，符合预期。下一阶段，在货币政策适度宽松的基调之下，我国 仍将可能实施降准降息，但大幅度降息并不现实，且降准应先于LPR下降。 数据显示，8月份新发放企业贷款加权平均利率约为3.1%，比上年同期低约40个基点；新发放个人住房 贷款加权平均利率约为3.1%，比上年同期低约25个基点。无论是新发放的企业贷款还是个人住房贷 款，利率都在去年同期较低的水平上继续下降，且都处于历史低位。在这种情况下，LPR降低并非当务 之急，必要性不足。从LPR报价机制看，近期央行多次开展公开市场操作，作为LPR定价基础的7天期 逆回购操作利率为1.40%，并未发生变化，因此LPR较难下降。因此，本月LPR维持不变，实属意 ...

北京时间9月18日，美联储宣布降息25个基点，时隔9个月后重启降息。市场预期，国内也存在进一步降 息、降准的空间，这也将使得银行未来息差承压。 近期，也有多家银行股东、董监高宣布出手增持自家银行股票。多家银行在公告中表示，增持计划是基 于对银行长期投资价值的认可，支持银行长期发展。 7月11日以来，银行板块整体呈阶段性下行趋势。以涨势最具代表性的农行为例，该银行股价创下7.55 元的历史新高后，目前已回落至6.7元附近。 每年7月，银行股迎来集中分红期，一些套利资金"分红即走"使得股价短线承压。从信贷需求来看，7-8 月社融、信贷数据低于预期，实体经济融资意愿偏弱，银行资产端扩张动力不足。 增持计划对股价有所提振。截至19日午盘收盘，刚刚完成高管增持的齐鲁银行（601665.AH）领涨，涨 幅超2.5%。 责任编辑：王馨茹 ...

盘面点评： 周三期债低开高走，全线收涨。现券收益率全线下行。公开市场逆回购4185亿，净投放1145亿。另外，今日 有1500亿国库金定存投放。资金面仍旧偏紧，DR001上行至1.49%。 日内消息： 1.财政部20年期国债加权中标利率2.1616％，全场倍数5.71，边际倍数2.16。 国债期货日报 2025/09/17 徐晨曦（投资咨询证号：Z0001908） 投资咨询业务资格：证监许可【2011】1290 观点：关注央行态度 2. 盛松成：我国降准优于降息 但降息仍有空间。 行情研判： 今日全A指数创新高，表现较强，但债市受影响不大。一级市场20年新债发行情况好于预期，中标利率低于 二级市场，带动午后期债上扬。消息方面，前央行官员盛松成表示在当前经济形势下，中国货币政策工具降 准优于降息，但降息仍有空间。目前市场对降息预期不高，关注美联储今晚的降息幅度，如果降息大于25ｂ ｐ，可能对国内债市有一定带动。目前市场情绪尚可，交易思路上多单可逢低介入，不追涨。但若明日继续 上涨，前期多单注意止盈。 国债期货日度数据 | | 2025-09-17 | 2025-09-16 | 今日涨跌 | | 2025-09- ...

Core Viewpoint - China's monetary policy is shifting towards using reserve requirement ratio (RRR) cuts instead of aggressive interest rate cuts to protect bank interest margins and maintain indirect financing channels, while also allowing for gradual interest rate reductions and innovative structural tools to stabilize finance and promote transformation [1][2]. Group 1: Monetary Policy Adjustments - Since 2016, China has adjusted the RRR 23 times, all downward, reducing the RRR for major deposit-taking financial institutions from 17.5% to 9.0%, a total decrease of 8.5 percentage points [3]. - In contrast, the policy interest rates have only been adjusted 14 times since 2016, indicating a preference for RRR cuts over significant interest rate reductions [3][4]. - The current average RRR for Chinese financial institutions is approximately 6.2%, suggesting substantial room for further RRR cuts compared to major economies where RRR tools are less utilized [5]. Group 2: Impact on Banking Sector - The net interest margin for commercial banks in China has decreased to 1.42%, the lowest on record, which raises concerns about the sustainability of the banking sector if interest rates are cut too aggressively [3][4]. - The banking sector is crucial for supporting the real economy, as it accounts for 89.7% of financing in China, compared to only 42% in the U.S., where direct financing plays a larger role [4]. Group 3: Fiscal and Monetary Policy Coordination - RRR cuts will increase the funds available for commercial banks, enabling them to better support proactive fiscal policies, as approximately 68% of national debt and 75% of local government debt is held by commercial banks [6]. - The effectiveness of monetary policy is contingent on the cooperation of commercial banks and the financial system, especially given the low excess reserve ratio in China [6]. Group 4: Interest Rate Dynamics - There is limited elasticity of consumption and investment to interest rate changes in China, which diminishes the effectiveness of interest rate cuts in stimulating economic activity [8]. - The decline in interest rates has led to a reduction in household deposits, with a decrease of 1.11 trillion yuan in July, indicating a relationship between lower interest rates and reduced savings [8]. - Despite the current low inflation and a slight appreciation of the yuan against the dollar, there remains room for further interest rate cuts, especially as external conditions improve with potential U.S. rate cuts [8][9]. Group 5: Structural Monetary Policy Tools - China has been innovating structural monetary policy tools, which have become increasingly important in supporting weak economic sectors and key areas such as technology innovation and green development [9]. - As of the end of 2024, structural monetary policy tools are expected to account for approximately 14.2% of total bank assets in China, highlighting their growing significance [9].

Group 1 - The forum held by Ant Group and Caixin Media focused on the relationship between capital markets and technological innovation, with an emphasis on the current economic situation in China [1] - Professor Sheng Songcheng highlighted that in the current economic climate, adjusting the reserve requirement ratio (RRR) is preferred over interest rate cuts [2][3] - Since 2016, the RRR has been adjusted downwards 23 times, decreasing from 17.5% to 9.0% for major deposit-taking financial institutions, while policy interest rates have only been adjusted 14 times [2] Group 2 - The average weighted reserve requirement ratio for Chinese financial institutions is approximately 6.2%, indicating significant room for further RRR cuts compared to major economies [3] - A 0.5 percentage point reduction in the RRR could release around 1 trillion yuan into the economy, enhancing liquidity [3] - Lowering the RRR can facilitate better coordination between fiscal and monetary policies, as commercial banks hold a significant portion of government bonds [4] Group 3 - Interest rate cuts in China have limited effectiveness in stimulating consumption and investment due to low interest elasticity [5] - The decline in interest rates has led to a reduction in household deposits, with a decrease of 1.11 trillion yuan in July, indicating a relationship between lower interest rates and reduced savings [5][6] - Structural monetary policy tools have been increasingly important, with innovations aimed at supporting weak economic sectors and promoting high-quality economic development [6]

Group 1 - The essence of the reserve requirement cut is to increase liquidity in the market, allowing banks to lend more, but merely saving money may lead to losses due to inflation [1][3] - Current deposit interest rates are at historical lows, making savings less effective as inflation may erode purchasing power [3] - The influx of liquidity may drive up asset prices in stock and real estate markets, presenting opportunities for investment rather than passive saving [3] Group 2 - Individuals should focus on restructuring asset allocation to ensure money is actively working for them, seeking investments that can outpace inflation [1][5] - Emphasis on investing in "anti-inflation" assets such as quality stocks, index funds, and gold, which have historically provided better returns than savings [3][4] - The importance of balancing risk and return by diversifying investments across high-risk and low-risk assets to optimize potential returns in a low-interest environment [3][7] Group 3 - The reserve requirement cut signals a shift from a defensive to an offensive investment strategy, encouraging individuals to seize opportunities rather than merely protect their savings [5][6] - Personal development and skill enhancement are crucial for individuals to adapt to economic changes and seize high-income opportunities [4][7] - Building a strong network and understanding market trends can lead to better investment and career opportunities, emphasizing the need for proactive engagement [7][8]