自从2020年经济被疫情重创，2021年主动去杠杆开始，中国经济经历了一个长期的去泡沫过程，企业保 守，居民缺钱，地方财政紧绷，整个社会进入了一种"失速"的沉寂状态。过去的这5年里，大家过得普 遍都很难受，内卷、降本、通缩、下跌，现在情况正在悄然改变了。首先发出信号的便是大宗商品的价 格，经济虽未彻底回暖，但希望已悄然萌芽。 ...

本文字数：1601，阅读时长大约3分钟 作者 |第一财经 樊志菁 在经历了三年来最差表现之后，美国经济在第二季度强劲复苏，国内生产总值GDP规模首次超过30万亿 美元。不过有分析认为，数字可能夸大了经济的健康状况，因为进口下降是增速改善的主要原因，显示 关键消费需求的指标正以两年半以来最慢的速度增长。随着企业和消费者努力应对持续的贸易战，经济 或将表现出疲软的迹象。 进口降温打压贸易逆差 根据美国经济分析局BEA周三发布的初步统计显示，美国第二季度GDP年化季率3%，这一结果大幅超 过了市场2.4%的增长预期，标志着自去年第三季度以来最强劲的增长速度。 今年第一季度，随着家庭和企业寻求应对与关税相关的价格上涨，美国进口激增。创纪录的贸易逆差导 致GDP以0.5%的速度下降。第二季度数据失真得到了缓解，4-6月进口暴跌30.3%，导致贸易逆差减少， 对GDP增加了4.99个百分点。 占经济活动三分之二以上的消费者支出在1月至3月放缓至0.5%后，以1.4%的速度增长。 2025.07.31 "太晚了，必须降低利率。不要通货膨胀！让人们购买并再融资他们的房子！" 经济前景如何 随着特朗普在对等关税上立场有所松动， ...

新华财经柏林7月30日电（记者车云龙张毅荣）德国联邦统计局30日公布的初步数据显示，经价格、季 节和工作日调整后，今年第二季度德国国内生产总值环比下降0.1%。第一季度德国经济环比增长 0.3%。 德国联邦统计局当天发布公报说，继年初经济回暖后，德国经济增长动能有所减弱。数据显示，第二季 度投资环比下降，私人和公共消费支出则有所增长。 德国经济研究所当天发表声明说，德国经济复苏虽有所放缓，但整体进程尚未中断，近期工业产出和商 业景气指数等指标表现积极。声明同时指出，欧盟与美国日前就关税达成的新贸易协议，将进一步加重 德国经济负担。 荷兰国际集团宏观研究主管卡斯滕·布热斯基表示，若美国对欧盟征收15%关税，预计将拖累德国经济 0.1至0.2个百分点。 2023年和2024年，德国经济分别萎缩0.3%和0.2%。受美国贸易政策影响，德国出口面临压力，联邦政 府此前将2025年经济增长预期下调至零增长。近期，德国多家主要经济研究机构预测，在基础设施基金 等财政刺激措施带动下，德国经济今年有望实现0.3%左右的增长。 （文章来源：新华社） ...

希腊政府近期在向欧盟提交的经济年度进展报告中预测，2025年希腊经济增长率将达到2.3%，债务比 重有望从2024年的153.6%继续下降至145.7%，投资和出口也将稳步增长。国际货币基金组织总裁格奥 尔基耶娃表示，希腊正在推进经济结构性改革，已成为欧盟表现最好的经济体之一。 《 人民日报 》（ 2025年07月30日 16 版） (责编：杨光宇、胡永秋) 困扰希腊经济多年的债务问题得到一定程度缓解。希腊统计局最新数据显示，2024年希腊政府的财政盈 余达到创纪录的114亿欧元，占该国国内生产总值的4.8%。在财政状况良好的背景下，希腊政府宣布， 计划提前10年偿还国际机构的救助贷款，这笔贷款原定于2041年到期，希腊政府计划通过财政盈余和发 行新债等措施于2031年或之前偿清债务。此前希腊已于2022年偿还了国际货币基金组织的贷款，并于 2024年底偿还了希腊首笔530亿欧元救助款中的220亿欧元。自2015年陷入债务危机并借入超2000亿欧元 贷款以来，截至目前希腊已实现6次提前偿债。 鉴于希腊公共财政状况改善情况，穆迪、标准普尔、惠誉等国际信用评级机构已陆续将希腊主权信用评 级上调至投资级。希腊总理米 ...

Economic Growth and Debt Reduction - Greece's economy is projected to grow by 2.3% in 2025, with the debt-to-GDP ratio expected to decline from 153.6% in 2024 to 145.7% [1] - The country has seen a stable recovery, with tourism contributing nearly one-third of employment and GDP, attracting 40.7 million international visitors in 2024, generating €21.6 billion in tourism revenue [1] - The real estate market is also recovering, with EU investments totaling €990 million and foreign investments reaching €2.75 billion in 2024, marking increases of 52.5% and 30% respectively [1] Foreign Direct Investment and Fiscal Surplus - Greece is expected to attract $7.3 billion in foreign direct investment in 2024, a 41.5% increase from 2023 [2] - The government achieved a record fiscal surplus of €11.4 billion in 2024, accounting for 4.8% of GDP, allowing for early repayment of international loans originally due in 2041 [2] - Greece has successfully repaid €22 billion of the initial €53 billion bailout by the end of 2024 [2] Credit Rating Improvements - Major credit rating agencies have upgraded Greece's sovereign credit rating to investment grade, reflecting significant progress in economic reforms [3] - The government raised €500 million through bond issuance at lower interest rates, with demand exceeding the issuance amount by more than double [3] - The EU allocated €3.13 billion to Greece to support economic development and infrastructure improvements [3] Sino-Greek Economic Cooperation - China has been a key trading partner for Greece, with the Port of Piraeus becoming a significant project for Chinese investment in Europe, ranking first in the Mediterranean for container throughput [4] - Chinese companies are actively involved in renewable energy projects in Greece, contributing to the goal of increasing renewable energy's share to 70% by 2030 [4] - Greek agricultural products and medical devices have seen a notable increase in import share in the Chinese market [4]

Investment Rating - The industry is rated as "stronger than the market," indicating an expected increase of over 10% in the industry index relative to the CSI 300 index over the next six months [17]. Core Viewpoints - The A-share market experienced a slight upward trend after an initial decline, with significant performance in the pharmaceutical, communication equipment, aerospace, and semiconductor sectors, while insurance, banking, agriculture, and precious metals lagged behind [2][3][7]. - The average price-to-earnings ratios for the Shanghai Composite Index and the ChiNext Index are currently at 14.78 times and 41.32 times, respectively, which are at the median levels of the past three years, suggesting a suitable environment for medium to long-term investments [3][16]. - The market is characterized by a dual driving force of policy and capital, with a gradual upward trend established despite short-term technical adjustment pressures [3][16]. Summary by Sections A-share Market Overview - On July 29, the A-share market showed a pattern of initial decline followed by a slight recovery, with the Shanghai Composite Index finding support around 3587 points and closing at 3609.71 points, up 0.33% [7][8]. - The total trading volume for both markets was 18,296 billion, slightly lower than the previous trading day [7][16]. Future Market Outlook and Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on technology growth and cyclical manufacturing as the main investment themes, while also keeping an eye on high-dividend banks, public utilities, and strategic emerging industries [3][16]. - Short-term investment opportunities are recommended in the pharmaceutical, communication equipment, aerospace, and semiconductor sectors [3][16].

Group 1 - The economic fiscal white paper for 2025 indicates that Japan is steadily moving towards escaping deflation, with a stable virtuous cycle of rising wages and prices [2][3] - The white paper highlights that the current economic recovery is characterized as a long-term maturation phase, marking over five years since the low point in May 2020, which is the third longest recovery since World War II [3] - The recovery is primarily driven by the service sector, contrasting with previous recoveries that were led by exports and production [4] Group 2 - The white paper expresses concern over potential downward risks to the Japanese economy due to U.S. tariff measures, indicating a need for vigilance [2][4] - It notes that the impact of reduced production in the passenger car sector could have widespread effects on industries such as steel, transportation, and postal services [4] - Despite improvements in disposable income and financial asset balances, personal consumption recovery remains slow, attributed to consumer pessimism regarding sustainable wage increases and ongoing price rises [4][5] Group 3 - To achieve a robust recovery in personal consumption, stable price increases and faster wage growth are deemed essential [5] - The white paper emphasizes the importance of establishing a sustainable social security system and reducing uncertainties regarding retirement to enhance consumer confidence [5]

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core Views - In the medium to long term, maintain the judgment of going long on the economy. It is recommended to allocate long positions in various forward contracts on dips as stock index long - position substitution has certain excess returns [3]. - With the upward risk appetite and the expectation of economic recovery, it is recommended to conduct high - level hedging for medium - and long - term T and TL contracts [4]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs (1) Stock Index Futures and Spot Market Performance - On July 28, A - share four major stock indexes all rose. The Shanghai Composite Index rose 0.12% to 3597.94 points, the Shenzhen Component Index rose 0.44% to 11217.58 points, the ChiNext Index rose 0.96% to 2362.6 points, and the STAR 50 Index rose 0.09% to 1055.11 points. Market turnover was 17,662 billion yuan, a decrease of 493 billion yuan from the previous day [2]. - In terms of industry sectors, national defense and military industry (+1.86%), non - bank finance (+1.51%), and pharmaceutical biology (+1.47%) led the gains; coal (-2.6%), steel (-1.41%), and transportation (-1.38%) led the losses [2]. - From the perspective of market strength, IC>IM>IH>IF. The number of rising, flat, and falling stocks was 2,781, 197, and 2,436 respectively. Institutional, main, large - scale, and retail investors in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets had net capital inflows of - 28 billion, - 85 billion, 16 billion, and 97 billion yuan respectively, with changes of +116 billion, +81 billion, - 16 billion, and - 181 billion yuan respectively [2]. - For stock index futures, the basis of the next - month contracts of IM, IC, IF, and IH were 127.98, 101.42, 13.82, and - 3.03 points respectively. The annualized basis yields were - 11.89%, - 10.02%, - 2.09%, and 0.68% respectively, and the three - year historical quantiles were 26%, 14%, 38%, and 53% respectively [2]. (2) Treasury Bond Futures and Spot Market Performance - On July 28, the yields of treasury bond futures declined. Among the active contracts, the implied interest rate of the two - year bond was 1.402, down 2.53 bps from the previous day; the five - year bond was 1.57, down 3.26 bps; the ten - year bond was 1.668, down 3.09 bps; and the thirty - year bond was 2.014, down 3.21 bps [3]. - For the current active 2509 contract, the CTD bond of the 2 - year treasury bond futures was 250006.IB, with a yield change of - 1.25 bps, a corresponding net basis of 0, and an IRR of 1.58%; the 5 - year was 240020.IB, with a yield change of - 2.5 bps, a net basis of 0.023, and an IRR of 1.42%; the 10 - year was 250007.IB, with a yield change of - 1.75 bps, a net basis of 0.026, and an IRR of 1.39%; the 30 - year was 210005.IB, with a yield change of - 2.25 bps, a net basis of 0.068, and an IRR of 1.2% [3]. - In terms of the money supply, the central bank injected 4,958 billion yuan and withdrew 1,707 billion yuan in the open market, with a net injection of 3,251 billion yuan [4]. (3) Economic Data - High - frequency data shows that the manufacturing industry's prosperity has recovered recently, with the industrial added value in June exceeding the same period [12]. - Based on the domestic medium - term data tracking chart, positive scores represent an improvement in prosperity, negative scores represent a weakening of prosperity, and zero scores represent little change in prosperity [14][15].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the "anti-involution" policy, emphasizing that price signals are not inherently established and that the transmission of demand needs to be observed in the context of the bond market [1]. Group 1: Market Dynamics - The current commodity market trend is likened to the stock market's "924" event, where the central government's rapid policy implementation has shifted expectations and led to a quick repricing of assets under ample liquidity [1]. - The "anti-involution" policy aims to "restrict supply and stabilize prices," similar to the "steady housing market" approach in the real estate sector, viewing prices as crucial for guiding demand [1][2]. Group 2: Price as a Signal - The underlying logic of the "anti-involution" policy is to use price as a "starting signal" for economic recovery, akin to the "price increase to reduce inventory" strategy seen in the 2015-2016 real estate market [2]. - The effectiveness of price as a "starting signal" depends on actual demand, as historical data shows that price increases without demand support do not lead to economic momentum improvement [3]. Group 3: Tracking Policy Transmission - To monitor the transmission of the "anti-involution" policy, a weekly frequency tracking system based on high-frequency economic indicators has been established, covering production, demand, transportation, CPI, and PPI [4]. - Current data indicates that while the PPI factor is on an upward trend, the CPI and demand factors remain stable, suggesting that the transmission from upstream "anti-involution" policies to downstream prices and demand has not yet manifested [4].

Group 1 - The A-share market has accelerated its upward trend, with the Shanghai Composite Index breaking through the 3600-point mark and average daily trading volume rising to 1.86 trillion yuan [1] - The overall market style is characterized by a performance hierarchy: cyclical > growth > financial > consumer sectors [1] - Recent policy announcements and national strategic plans have boosted economic recovery confidence, with the upcoming Politburo meeting expected to play a crucial role in market performance [1] Group 2 - The Jin Ying Fund suggests a balanced allocation to mitigate potential volatility, particularly in the financial sector due to the upcoming Stablecoin regulations [2] - In the technology growth sector, interest in AI applications and the semiconductor industry is expected to rise following the World Artificial Intelligence Conference [2] - Despite a potential decrease in "anti-involution" enthusiasm due to falling futures prices, related policies are likely to continue, with sectors like photovoltaic and building materials still worth monitoring [2]