2025 年 4 月金融数据点评 4 月金融数据：三个不寻常信号 2025 年 05 月 14 日 ➢ 事件：5 月 14 日，中国人民银行公布 4 月金融数据，新增社融 1.16 万亿 元、预期 1.26 万亿元，新增人民币贷款 2800 亿元、预期 7644 亿元，M1 同比 1.5%、前值 1.6%、预期 3.0%。 ➢ 4 月金融数据有三个不寻常信号值得关注：一是存量财政政策的落地加速， 既对二季度经济形成支撑，也降低了短期内出台增量政策的必要性。二是金融数 据结构上出现了"财政化"的趋势，这不仅体现在政府债对于社融的明显带动， 也体现在政府相关项目对于信贷投向的"主导"。三是股市上涨带动非银存款多 增，进而推升 M2。具体来看： ➢ 一是存量财政政策的落地加速。这既对二季度经济形成支撑，也降低了短期 内出台增量政策的必要性。 存量财政政策的加速一方面体现在特别国债发行的"快速启动"，今年两会确定 发行规模后，特别国债于 4 月底就开始发行，较去年节奏更快（去年 5 月中旬开 始）。相应地，今年以来国债发行规模更高、发行进度更快，是支撑政府债融资同 比多增的核心力量。 另一方面体现在支出端的"发力"。 ...

Group 1 - The central bank reported that by the end of April, the social financing scale increased by 8.7% year-on-year, and the broad money supply (M2) grew by 8%, indicating a significant acceleration compared to the previous month [1][4] - The increase in social financing scale was primarily driven by accelerated government bond issuance, with a net financing of over 5 trillion yuan in the first four months of the year, which is approximately 3.6 trillion yuan more than the same period last year [2][3] - The issuance of special government bonds and local government special refinancing bonds has been ongoing, with a net financing of about 970 billion yuan in April alone, contributing to a 0.3 percentage point increase in the social financing growth rate [2][3] Group 2 - The M2 growth rate was influenced by a low base effect from the previous year, with the M2 balance reaching 325.17 trillion yuan by the end of April, reflecting a 1 percentage point increase from the end of March [4][5] - The reduction in deposits by approximately 870 billion yuan in April, compared to a decrease of about 3 trillion yuan year-on-year, had a positive impact on M2 growth, contributing about 1 percentage point [6][7] - The overall credit growth remains robust, with a total of 10.06 trillion yuan in new loans issued in the first four months, although April's single-month new loan issuance was lower than the same month last year [8][9] Group 3 - The ongoing local debt replacement efforts are expected to support long-term economic development, as they allow local governments to alleviate debt burdens and redirect resources towards development and consumption [8][9] - Market analysts predict that the growth of financial aggregates is likely to remain stable in the near future, despite uncertainties in foreign trade and the traditional "small month" for credit in May [9]

Core Viewpoint - The financial data for April indicates a significant rebound in M2 growth and an acceleration in the scale of social financing, reflecting a stable and effective monetary policy that supports the real economy [1][12]. Monetary Supply and Financing - As of the end of April, the broad money supply (M2) reached 325.17 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 8%, which is 1.0 percentage points higher than the previous month and 0.8 percentage points higher than the same period last year [1][8]. - The total social financing stock was 424 trillion yuan, showing a year-on-year increase of 8.7%, which is 0.3 percentage points higher than the previous month and 0.4 percentage points higher than the same period last year [1][12]. - In April, the increment of social financing was 1.16 trillion yuan, which is 1.22 trillion yuan more than the same month last year [1]. Government Bond Issuance - The acceleration of government bond issuance has significantly contributed to the increase in social financing. From January to April, net financing from government bonds exceeded 5 trillion yuan, which is approximately 3.6 trillion yuan more than the same period last year [3][4]. - In April, the issuance of special long-term government bonds and refinancing bonds for replacing hidden debts contributed to a net financing of about 970 billion yuan, which is approximately 1.1 trillion yuan more than the same month last year [3]. Credit Growth and Structure - From January to April, the total increase in RMB loans was 10.06 trillion yuan, roughly the same as the previous year [1]. - The balance of inclusive small and micro loans reached 34.31 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 11.9%, while medium and long-term loans for the manufacturing sector reached 14.71 trillion yuan, growing by 8.5% year-on-year [1][6]. Impact of Debt Replacement - The replacement of local government debt through special bonds has influenced the credit growth statistics, but it does not diminish the actual support for the real economy. The adjusted loan growth rate remains above 8% [6][7]. - The issuance of special refinancing bonds for debt replacement has been significant, with over 2 trillion yuan issued in the last quarter of the previous year and nearly 1.6 trillion yuan from January to April this year [7]. Economic Outlook - The financial data from the first four months aligns well with the performance of the real economy, indicating that the effects of moderately loose monetary policy will continue to manifest [2][12]. - The average interest rate for newly issued corporate loans in April was approximately 3.2%, which is about 4 basis points lower than the previous month and 50 basis points lower than the same period last year [13].

宏 观 研 究 1. [Table_Title] 物价总体偏弱 政策加快落地 —4 月物价数据点评 [Table_Date] 2025 年 5 月 12 日 [Table_Author] 分析师： 杜征征 执业证书编号：S1380511090001 联系电话：010-88300843 邮箱：duzhengzheng@gkzq.com.cn CPI 与 PPI 资料来源：Wind，国开证券研究与发展部 -6 12 18 -2 2014-04 2015-04 2016-04 2017-04 2018-04 2019-04 2020-04 2021-04 2022-04 2023-04 2024-04 2025-04 % % CPI:同比 PPI:同比(右轴) 南华工业品指数 资料来源：Wind，国开证券研究与发展部 1,000 1,400 1,800 2,200 2,600 3,000 3,400 3,800 4,200 4,600 19-10-28 20-04-13 20-09-28 21-03-15 21-08-30 22-02-14 22-08-01 23-01-16 23-07-03 23-12-18 2 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - The rating for coke is "sideways", and for coking coal is "sideways with a downward bias" [1] 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - After the Sino - US tariff negotiation, the black sector's weak performance shows extreme market pessimism. Without significant supply - side or fiscal policy support, the market will likely remain in a sideways - with - downward - bias pattern [4] - For coking coal, the impact of low - price overseas coal continues, mines are increasing production and accumulating inventory, while demand from coke enterprises is weakening. For coke, steel mills have initiated the first round of price cuts, with supply decreasing and demand increasing, but the demand outlook is weak [5] - After the sharp decline, coal and coke followed the rebound in the night session on the 13th. In the short term, they are still in a downward trend, with coking coal possibly having a 15% downside in extreme cases. However, the resistance to further decline in the 09 contract is increasing [5] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Coking Coal 3.1.1 Supply and Demand - Mine production is increasing, with the operating rate of 523 mines at 89.92% (+0.18), and the operating rate of 110 coal washing plants at 62.42% (-0.55). Coke enterprise production is decreasing, with the production rate of 230 independent coke enterprises at 75.05% (-0.38) [2] - The demand for coking coal from coke enterprises is weakening as their coking coal inventory is decreasing [5] 3.1.2 Inventory - Upstream mines and coal washing plants are accumulating inventory, with 523 mines having 390.43 million tons of clean coal inventory (+31.39) and coal washing plants having 197.28 million tons (+3.39). Downstream, steel mills' inventory is increasing (787.21 million tons, +2.42), while coke enterprises' inventory is decreasing (775.17 million tons, - 35.11), and port inventory is decreasing (397.81 million tons, -13.97) [2] 3.1.3 Spot Price and Spread - The price of Mongolian 5 coking coal is 1015 yuan/ton (-5), the active contract is 870.5 yuan/ton (-19), the basis is 164.5 yuan/ton (+19), and the 9 - 1 month spread is -11 yuan/ton (+0) [1] 3.2 Coke 3.2.1 Supply and Demand - Supply is decreasing, with the production rate of 230 independent coke enterprises at 75.05% (-0.38). Demand is increasing, with the capacity utilization rate of 247 steel mills at 91.6% (+1.45) and the daily average pig iron output at 245.64 million tons (+0.22) [3] 3.2.2 Inventory - The entire industrial chain is reducing inventory. 230 coke enterprises have 65.09 million tons of inventory (-1.97), 247 steel mills have 671.03 million tons (-4.19), and port inventory is 229.08 million tons (-9.04) [3] 3.2.3 Spot Price, Spread and Profit - The price of quasi - first - grade coke at Tianjin Port is 1440 yuan/ton (-0), the active contract is 1447 yuan/ton (-24.5), the basis is 103.22 yuan/ton (-+24.5), and the 9 - 1 month spread is -28 yuan/ton (-0). Steel mills have initiated the first round of price cuts, which have not yet been implemented [3]

黑色产业日报 简要观点 ◆ 螺纹钢 周二，螺纹钢期货价格冲高回落，杭州中天螺纹钢 3200 元/吨，较前一 日持平，10 合约基差 121（+3）。宏观政策方面，5 月 7 日，三部门发 布一揽子金融政策稳市场稳预期，货币政策利多落地，不过市场仍在期 待财政政策发力，中美会谈成果超预期，双方大幅互降关税，市场预期 改善；产业方面，上周螺纹钢产量、表需双降，库存小幅累积，供需格局 有转差迹象，当然也有五一假期因素影响，需求是否已经开始季节性回 落还需进一步观察。后市而言：估值方面，螺纹钢期货价格仍低于电炉 谷电成本，静态估值处于偏低水平；驱动方面，政策端，中美贸易环境改 善，短期国内出台大规模财政刺激政策概率较小，产业端，现实供需尚 可，但需求仍面临季节性下滑压力，关注需求变化，低估值背景下，预计 价格震荡运行。(数据来源：同花顺 iFinD，Mysteel) ◆ 铁矿石 周二，中美会谈成果营造良好预期，盘面向上回调。现货方面，青岛港 PB 粉 765 元/湿吨（-5）。普氏 62%指数 101.25 美元/吨（+2.65）， 月均 98.86 美元/吨。PBF 基差 95 元/吨（-1）。供给端：最新澳洲巴西 ...

Group 1 - In April 2025, total sales of excavators reached 22,142 units, representing a year-on-year growth of 17.6%. Domestic sales accounted for 12,547 units, up 16.4%, while exports totaled 9,595 units, increasing by 19.3% [1][2] - From January to April 2025, a total of 83,514 excavators were sold, marking a year-on-year increase of 21.4%. Domestic sales during this period were 49,109 units, up 31.9%, and exports were 34,405 units, growing by 9.02% [2] - The domestic sales accounted for 57% of total sales in April 2025, while exports made up 43%. For the first four months of 2025, domestic sales represented 59% of total sales, with exports at 41% [2] Group 2 - The average working hours for major construction machinery in April 2025 increased by 3.20% year-on-year, with excavators averaging 85 hours of operation [3] - The overall operating rate for major construction machinery in April 2025 was 62%, showing a year-on-year decline of 4.29 percentage points, although it increased by 1.17 percentage points compared to the previous month [3] - The utilization rate of tower cranes from Pangyuan Leasing improved significantly, reaching 49.7% in March 2025, which is a year-on-year increase of 3.5% and a month-on-month increase of 20.5% [3] Group 3 - The risk exposure of most Chinese construction machinery manufacturers to the U.S. market is relatively low, with companies like XCMG and Zoomlion having less than 1% and around 1% of their total revenue from the U.S., respectively [4] - Recommended stocks include SANY Heavy Industry, Zoomlion, XCMG, and Hengli Hydraulic, with LiuGong identified as a beneficiary [5]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles indicates that the easing of US-China trade tensions has led traders to retract their bets on aggressive monetary easing by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), with current market pricing suggesting only three rate cuts for the remainder of the year [1][4] - Previously, traders anticipated that if demand for Australian products from China declined or a global economic recession occurred, the RBA would be forced to implement significant rate cuts [4] - The reduction in bets on RBA rate cuts reflects the cautious approach taken by RBA Governor Michele Bullock in response to the uncertainty created by the Trump administration's tariffs [4][5] Group 2 - Economists expect that the upcoming data will show Australia's unemployment rate remaining at 4.1% for April, and a recent report indicated that core inflation has fallen within the RBA's target range for the first time in over three years [4] - The expansionary fiscal policy in Australia is another reason investors believe the RBA's easing cycle may be shallow, with expectations of a more expansionary stance under a Labor-majority government [4] - Some economists still believe that the uncertainty stemming from Trump’s policies may lead the RBA to consider deeper rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting a potential reduction of the cash rate to 3.1% by the end of the year [5]

黑色产业日报 简要观点 ◆ 螺纹钢 周一，螺纹钢期货价格大幅反弹，杭州中天螺纹钢 3200 元/吨，较前一 日上涨 50 元/吨，10 合约基差 118（-10），中美会谈成果超预期，双 方大幅互降关税，市场预期明显好转。国内政策方面，5 月 7 日，三部 门发布一揽子金融政策稳市场稳预期，货币政策利多落地，不过盘面高 开低走，市场仍在期待财政政策发力；产业方面，上周螺纹钢产量、表需 双降，库存小幅累积，供需格局有转差迹象，当然也有五一假期因素影 响，需求是否已经开始季节性回落还需进一步观察。后市而言：估值方 面，螺纹钢期货价格仍低于电炉谷电成本，静态估值处于偏低水平；驱 动方面，政策端，中美贸易环境改善，短期国内出台大规模财政刺激政 策概率较小，产业端，现实供需尚可，但需求仍面临季节性下滑压力，关 注需求变化，低估值背景下，预计价格震荡运行。(数据来源：同花顺 iFinD，Mysteel) 产业服务总部 黑色产业团队 2025/5/13 公司资质 长江期货股份有限公司交易咨询业 务资格：鄂证监期货字[2014]1 号 研究员 张佩云 ◆ 铁矿石 周一，中美会谈成果营造良好预期，盘面向上回调。供给方面，全球发 ...

近期召开的中央政治局会议提出，加快地方政府专项债券、超长期特别国债等发行使用。多位专家认 为，这意味着加快财政支出节奏是当前财政政策的实施重点。"接下来，新增专项债发行节奏可能加 快，超长期特别国债发行期数已经确定，可能会适度提高5月、6月的单只发行额度。"华西证券首席经 济学家刘郁认为。（中证报） ...