中美"关税战"升级的程度，令全世界震惊！面对特朗普的挑衅，中国毫不妥协、坚决反制，短短一周左右的时间，中国对来自美国制造的商品关税从新增 34%，提高到84%，后来又提升至125%。 尼克·马罗，这位"经济学人"的亚洲区专家点评道：这可能是中美两国贸易完全脱钩的最明显迹象。不仅如此，中国的坚决反制还是对特朗普的口中妄言 ——"我管理美国，同时也管理世界"的直接回应。 即是"美国自己在破坏现有的世界体系"，加剧了人们对华盛顿的信任忧虑与对抗性。与特朗普政府的逆全球化政策不同，中国才是推动自由贸易的重要捍卫 者，中国才是当今世界对抗霸权的旗手。 多国不相信美国会占上风，要和中国加强关系 尽管多位欧洲官员还是强调要和美国保持接触，继续谈判，但他们仍坦言道：结果可能非常不乐观，因为"不同的理念导致了不同的标准"。面对90天豁免期 后的高关税，欧盟声称正在制定报复措施。 越来越多的欧洲领导人希望选择新的道路，而不是像以往那样只是单纯地响应华盛顿的政策——欧盟委员会主席冯德莱恩在美国加征关税后不久与中国领导 人通话，确定7月举行中欧领导人峰会。 让多国不相信美国会在贸易战中"占据上风"的另外一个因素是"中国的心态更加平静 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the evolution of globalization from 1.0 to 3.0, highlighting the impact of MAGAism and the rise of protectionism, leading to a potential collapse of the current global trade system and the emergence of a new, more inclusive globalization model driven by digital technology and emerging economies [1][2][3]. Group 1: Globalization 1.0 - Globalization 1.0 was established post-World War II, primarily led by the United States, focusing on rebuilding economies through international cooperation and the establishment of organizations like the IMF and World Bank [7][8]. - The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was signed in 1947, leading to a significant reduction in global tariff levels, with an average annual trade growth rate of 7.8% from 1950 to 1973 [7][8]. - The period was characterized by a division between capitalist and socialist blocs, resulting in a structured but not fully globalized trade system [9]. Group 2: Globalization 2.0 - Globalization 2.0 began after the Cold War, marked by the establishment of the WTO in 1995, which facilitated a true global economic integration, particularly between the U.S. and China [11][12]. - The period saw rapid trade liberalization, with global tariffs dropping from 6.2% in 1991 to 3.2% in 2006, and significant growth in international investment [12][13]. - The rise of emerging economies, particularly China and India, began to reshape the global economic landscape, contributing to a multi-polar world [15]. Group 3: MAGAism and Its Impact - MAGAism has led to a rise in protectionist policies in the U.S., which may provide short-term benefits to certain industries but could disrupt global supply chains and increase consumer costs in the long run [20][21]. - The political polarization in the U.S. has intensified, with MAGAism exacerbating divisions between different social and economic groups, impacting political stability and governance [21][22]. - The global implications of MAGAism include a decline in U.S. leadership in international affairs and a shift towards a more fragmented global trade environment [22][23]. Group 4: Transition to Globalization 3.0 - The article posits that the world is transitioning towards Globalization 3.0, characterized by a more inclusive and technology-driven economic model, despite the challenges posed by de-globalization and protectionism [26][27]. - Emerging economies are advocating for a more open and cooperative global economic system, as seen in initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative and RCEP [26]. - The future of globalization is seen as an inevitable trend, with the potential for a new economic order that is less dominated by major powers and more reliant on digital technologies [27].

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - The rating for the US dollar is "oscillation" [2] Group 2: Core View of the Report - The US GDP growth rate turned negative in Q1 2025, with the annualized quarterly-on-quarter initial value at -0.3%, lower than the expected 0.3% and a significant drop from the previous quarter's 2.4%. Tariffs increased economic volatility, and the surge in imports due to enterprises stockpiling ahead of time dragged down the economic growth rate. As tariffs are implemented, enterprises' investment willingness weakens, and they need to digest inventory. Meanwhile, the consumption momentum of the household sector has significantly weakened, putting further downward pressure on the economy. The market's expectation of an interest rate cut has slightly increased, with the probability of a rate cut in June expected to rise to 64.2% [3][4] - In the short term, the market is trading around the progress of tariff negotiations and is insensitive to fundamental data. In the long term, the de - globalization under tariffs is hard to reverse, and the risk of stagflation in the US economy continues to accumulate. Without further progress in tax cuts and interest rate cuts, the market's risk appetite is difficult to improve significantly [5] Group 3: Summary by Relevant Catalogs 1. US Q1 GDP Growth Rate Turns Negative, Tariffs Increase Economic Volatility - **GDP Data**: The annualized quarterly - on - quarter initial value of US Q1 GDP was -0.3%, lower than the expected 0.3% and a significant drop from the previous quarter's 2.4%. Net exports dragged down the economic growth rate by 4.83%, with the import sub - item contributing -5.03%. Personal consumption expenditure grew at 1.8%, government expenditure at -1.4%, private investment at 21.9%, and imports at 41.3%. The core PCE price index rebounded from 2.6% to 3.5%, higher than expected [3][8] - **Contribution to GDP Growth**: Consumption, fixed investment, inventory, net exports, and government expenditure contributed 1.21%, 1.34%, 2.25%, -4.83%, and -0.25% respectively to the -0.3% GDP growth [3][16] - **Consumption**: Service consumption remained resilient, while commodity consumption declined significantly. The growth rate of commodity consumption dropped from 6.2% in Q1 to 0.5%, with durable and non - durable goods growing at -3.4% and 2.7% respectively. Service consumption was only weak in the accommodation and food sub - item [23] - **Investment**: Private investment increased by 21.9% quarter - on - quarter annualized, the highest since 2022. Equipment investment grew by 22.5%, mainly due to enterprises advancing equipment investment to avoid future tariff pressure and government regulations on the technology industry. Inventory also increased significantly due to pre - tariff stockpiling. However, long - term capital expenditure is showing signs of weakness [24] - **Government Expenditure**: The growth rate of government expenditure dropped to -1.4% in Q1, and the government's role in boosting the economy weakened due to debt ceiling, fiscal budget constraints, and the intervention of Trump's new government efficiency department [26] - **Inflation**: Inflation continued to rise in Q1. The GDP deflator rose to 3.7%, the PCE price index rebounded from 2.4% to 3.6%, and the core PCE rebounded from 2.6% to 3.5%. The process of inflation decline may be slower under tariff shocks [26] 2. Investment Advice - In the short term, the market is trading around the progress of tariff negotiations. After the news that the US wants to negotiate tariffs with China, the market's risk appetite has recovered. Gold has a correction space due to crowded long - positions, the US stock market is expected to be weak and oscillating after reaching the resistance level, and the US dollar and US Treasury yields will oscillate. In the long term, the risk of stagflation in the US economy continues to accumulate, and the market's risk appetite is difficult to improve significantly [5][30]

投资咨询业务资格：证监许可【2011】1778 号 宝城期货贵金属有色早报（2025 年 4 月 30 日） 说明： 1.有夜盘的品种以夜盘收盘价为起始价格，无夜盘的品种以昨日收盘价为起始价格，当日日盘收盘价为终点价格， 计算涨跌幅度。 2.跌幅大于 1%为下跌，跌幅 0~1%为震荡偏弱，涨幅 0~1%为震荡偏强，涨幅大于 1%为上涨。 ◼ 品种观点参考 时间周期说明：短期为一周以内、中期为两周至一月 | 品种 | | 短期 | 中期 | 日内 | 观点参考 | 核心逻辑概要 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 黄金 | 2508 | 下跌 | 震荡 | 震荡 | 短线看弱 | 美国关税政策预期放松，期价累 | | | | | | 偏弱 | | 计涨幅较大，多头了结意愿强 | | 镍 | 2506 | 下跌 | 震荡 | 震荡 | 观望 | 上游镍矿强势，下游不锈钢弱势 | | | | | | 偏弱 | | | 核心逻辑：昨日金价再度冲高回落，夜盘在 780 上方震荡运行。4 月下旬金价积累较大涨幅的情况下 美国关税政策预期放缓导致多头了结意愿上升， ...

Group 1: Investment Trends in China - Andrew Left, founder of Citron Research, is bullish on China, indicating a significant influx of global funds into Chinese assets [1][2] - Goldman Sachs reported that from March 27 to April 23, global stock funds saw a net inflow of $68.079 billion, with emerging markets receiving $27.14 billion, 90% of which flowed into China [2] - Chinese stock funds specifically received a net inflow of $24.686 billion, surpassing other emerging markets like South Korea, India, and Brazil [2] Group 2: Market Sentiment and Economic Outlook - Left believes that despite ongoing trade tensions, China has shown resilience, with low price-to-earnings ratios indicating that the market is undervalued [2][3] - Historical data shows that during previous trade conflicts, such as the first U.S.-China trade war, Left also favored investing in China, citing the market's potential for recovery [2][3] Group 3: Interest Rate Trends and Banking Sector - Recent adjustments in deposit rates by small and medium-sized banks indicate a shift towards a low-interest-rate environment, with over 30 banks reducing rates, particularly for three and five-year products [5][6] - The average interest rates for three and five-year deposits have fallen to 2.042% and 1.883%, respectively, highlighting a growing disparity in deposit rates [5] Group 4: Asset Allocation and Investment Shifts - As deposit rates decline, there is a noticeable trend of funds moving from traditional savings to wealth management products, with a 15% growth in wealth management scale in the first quarter [7][8] - The bond market has faced challenges, with the 10-year government bond yield rising from 1.6% to 1.9%, leading to losses for banks and insurance companies heavily invested in bonds [8] Group 5: Commodity Market Dynamics - The Chinese gold market is experiencing significant growth, with domestic gold ETF holdings increasing by 23.47 tons in Q1 2025, a 327.73% year-on-year rise [10][14] - High demand for gold is reflected in the net inflow of 158.36 billion yuan into the SEG gold index, indicating a strong preference for gold investments amid market volatility [10][14] Group 6: Future Economic Predictions - Analysts suggest that the current commodity bull market may be at the beginning stages, driven by factors such as de-globalization and a potential dollar crisis [17] - The concept of a new Bretton Woods III system is emerging, which could reshape global asset dynamics, emphasizing commodities like gold as safe-haven assets [17]

来源：银河期货 作者：银河期货 研报正文 第一部分 前言概要 【行情回顾】 4月，贵金属表现依旧受到市场瞩目。伦敦金上触历史新高3500.12美元/盎司，月涨幅7%；伦敦银受到黄金的托举 回到近期高位、但未能突破34.5附近的阻力，月跌幅2%。沪金触及836.3元/克的历史高点，月涨幅9%。沪银相对疲 软，月跌幅2.4%。 【市场展望】 往后看，各经济体对于关税的博弈仍有不断反复的可能，关税政策进展和美国经济基本面间的演绎节奏具有高度的 不确定性，预期和现实间的差距将成为贵金属价格波动的放大器，而黄金作为对冲滞涨风险的优质资产、且贵金属 当前牛市的趋势并未被打破，可仍以低多思路为主。 【策略推荐】 1.单边：延续低多思路。 2.套利：观望。 3.期权：领式看涨期权。 风险提示：央行购金不及预期，关税谈判进展超预期、美国经济韧性超预期、光伏需求不及预期。 第二部分 行情复盘与前瞻 一、行情回顾 4月，贵金属表现依旧受到市场瞩目。伦敦金从3122美元启动，中间受到流动性的拖累出现回调，而后开启快速拉 涨的走势，一度上触历史新高3500.12美元/盎司，月涨幅7%；伦敦银月初的回调更深，此后受到黄金的托举回到近 期 ...

投资咨询业务资格：证监许可【2011】1778 号 宝城期货贵金属有色早报（2025 年 4 月 29 日） ◼ 品种观点参考 时间周期说明：短期为一周以内、中期为两周至一月 | 品种 | | 短期 | 中期 | 日内 | 观点参考 | 核心逻辑概要 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 黄金 | 2506 | 下跌 | 震荡 | 震荡 | 短线看弱 | 美国关税政策预期放松，期价累 | | | | | | 偏弱 | | 计涨幅较大，多头了结意愿强 | | 镍 | 2506 | 下跌 | 震荡 | 震荡 偏弱 | 观望 | 上游镍矿强势，下游不锈钢弱势 | 说明： 1.有夜盘的品种以夜盘收盘价为起始价格，无夜盘的品种以昨日收盘价为起始价格，当日日盘收盘价为终点价格， 计算涨跌幅度。 2.跌幅大于 1%为下跌，跌幅 0~1%为震荡偏弱，涨幅 0~1%为震荡偏强，涨幅大于 1%为上涨。 3.震荡偏强/偏弱只针对日内观点，短期和中期不做区分。 主要品种价格行情驱动逻辑—商品期货 品种：黄金（AU） 日内观点：震荡偏弱 中期观点：震荡 专业研究·创造价值 1 ...

近期，黄金市场在特朗普反复无常的关税政策冲击下，率先从先前的短期调整中恢复。关税对黄金价格 的利空风险，主要在于海外资产共振大跌带来的流动性挤兑，流动性冲击修复后，市场开始定价中长期 关税对经济的影响。 周二（4月29日）亚市早盘，现货黄金交投于3336美元/盎司附近，金价周一逆转跌势上涨，因出现低吸 买盘。黄金期货方面，COMEX黄金期货交投于3342美元/盎司附近。美元周一全线下滑，也给金价提供 支撑，投资者谨慎等待美国贸易政策的进一步消息，并准备迎接一周密集的经济数据，这些数据可能初 步表明特朗普的贸易摩擦是否正在产生影响。美元走软以及国际贸易紧张局势对经济影响的不确定性刺 激了避险需求。 ETF方面，黄金ETF基金(159937) 高开高走涨超1%，成交额已超2亿元。拉长时间来看，截至4月28日， 黄金ETF基金近1年累计涨幅近40%，最新规模达292.75亿元。 据中国黄金协会统计，一季度，我国增持黄金12.75吨，截至3月底，我国黄金储备为2292.33吨；国内原 料产金87.243吨，同比增长1.49%；我国黄金消费量290.492吨，同比下降5.96%；国内黄金ETF持仓增长 23.47吨，同 ...

Core Viewpoint - The significant rise in gold prices in 2023, from 620 CNY per gram to a peak of 836 CNY per gram, has sparked a nationwide investment trend in gold, reminiscent of the "golden aunt" phenomenon in 2013, raising questions about the sustainability of this trend [2] Historical Context of Gold Price Surges First Phase (1970-1980) - Gold prices surged from 35 USD to 850 USD, marking a 2300% increase following the collapse of the Bretton Woods system [4] - This phase led to global central banks adjusting their foreign exchange reserves, increasing gold purchases and challenging the dollar's dominance [5] - Gold production entered an expansion cycle, with countries like South Africa and Russia ramping up mining activities [5] - The oil crisis and high inflation positioned gold as a key asset against currency devaluation [5] - The Federal Reserve was compelled to adopt aggressive interest rate hikes, reaching 20%, to curb inflation, which ultimately ended the gold bull market but initiated the development of modern financial derivatives like gold futures [5] Second Phase (2008-2011) - Following the 2008 financial crisis, gold experienced a second bull market with a 166% increase [7] - The demand for gold as a safe haven led to the democratization of investment, exemplified by the rise of gold ETFs and regular central bank gold purchases [7] - The consumer market saw structural changes, with high gold prices driving a shift towards lightweight jewelry and innovations in gold leasing and collateral financing [7] Third Phase (2018-Present) - The current bull market, driven by geopolitical tensions and policy conflicts, has seen gold prices rise over 100% from 2018 to 2025 [9] - Increased market volatility and speculative trading in futures markets have been observed, with COMEX gold futures premiums reaching 60 USD per ounce and physical inventory surging by 18.6 million ounces in a month [9] - Competition from alternative assets has become more pronounced, with significant growth in platinum orders and a 30% increase in sales of K-gold and silver jewelry in China [9] - Fluctuations in monetary policy have led to a shift in the correlation between gold and U.S. equities, reflecting gold's dual role as a safe haven and a risk asset [9]