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二季度降准降息预期升温 业界预计降准或先落地
Zheng Quan Ri Bao· 2025-04-27 16:43
粤开证券首席经济学家、研究院院长罗志恒也认为,二季度或是降准降息兑现期。一方面,实际利率仍 然偏高,需要降准降息提振居民消费意愿和企业投资意愿;另一方面,面对外部因素影响,二季度需要 更大力度的宏观调控政策支持。此外,近期美元资产遭抛售,人民币汇率压力有所减小。预计二季度或 将降准0.5个百分点,降息0.1个百分点至0.2个百分点。 "下一阶段,作为释放长期流动性的工具,降准的优先级仍然最高。随着二季度财政加大宽松力度,降 准最有可能率先落地。"民生银行首席经济学家温彬认为,降息主要会受到人民币汇率和商业银行净息 差的掣肘。由于美元相对走弱,汇率掣肘暂不明显,但净息差的约束仍需要关注。因此,下一阶段可能 按照下调结构性货币政策工具利率、下调7天期逆回购利率和下调LPR(贷款市场报价利率)的顺序推进。 在浙商证券首席经济学家李超看来,降准的核心驱动因素是配合财政政策发力,但央行也会综合考虑买 断式逆回购和MLF(中期借贷便利)到期量与投放量;降息方面,仍需关注DR007(银行间市场存款类机构 7天期回购加权平均利率)与7天期逆回购操作利率走势,若市场利率持续低于政策利率则降息窗口打 开。全年看,预计2025年货 ...
周观:年初以来,货币和财政政策的发力节奏如何(2025年第16期)
Soochow Securities· 2025-04-27 14:02
1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - In April 2025, the central bank conducted an MLF injection of 600 billion yuan, with a net injection of 500 billion yuan after deducting the maturity amount. The central bank showed a loose liquidity stance, and the bond issuance schedule may be a key factor in judging the window period of monetary easing [1][16]. - The issuance of local special - purpose bonds in 2025 has mainly been for replacing hidden debts so far. A larger - scale issuance is expected after the Politburo meeting at the end of April. May - June will be an important window period for monetary easing, and a reserve requirement ratio cut is still needed for a large - scale one - time liquidity release [2][17][21]. - In the context of the gradual strengthening of fiscal policy, monetary policy needs to cooperate through a reserve requirement ratio cut, but interest rate cuts need to wait due to the unclear outlook of tariffs. It is recommended to pay attention to the April PMI to be released next week [3][22]. - This week, the yields of short - and long - term US Treasury bonds continued to decline, and the curve flattened. US Treasury bonds still have relatively high allocation attractiveness. It is recommended to continue to be bullish on US Treasury bonds and gold, and be neutral on the US dollar [4][23][25]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 One - Week Views - **Policy Rhythm Assessment**: In April 2025, the MLF was over - renewed by 500 billion yuan, showing a loose liquidity attitude. The bond issuance schedule is crucial for judging the monetary easing window period. The issuance of local special - purpose bonds has mainly been for debt replacement, and a larger - scale issuance is expected after the Politburo meeting. May - June will be a key window for monetary easing, and a reserve requirement ratio cut is necessary for large - scale liquidity release [1][2][16][17]. - **US Treasury Yield Outlook**: This week, the yields of short - and long - term US Treasury bonds declined, and the curve flattened. US Treasury bonds have high allocation attractiveness. Non - US economies' fiscal policies may raise the interest rate center in the medium term. It is recommended to be bullish on US Treasury bonds and gold and neutral on the US dollar. The US housing market, consumer confidence, and Fed's interest - rate policy all show complex trends [4][23][25]. 3.2 Domestic and Foreign Data Summaries 3.2.1 Liquidity Tracking - **Open - Market Operations**: From April 21 - 25, 2025, the total net injection through open - market operations was 67.4 billion yuan. The central bank's open - market operations have maintained a rhythm of net withdrawal in the first half of the week and net injection in the second half [40]. - **Interest Rates**: The money - market interest rates and bond yields showed certain fluctuations. For example, the yields of some bonds such as national debt and policy - bank bonds generally increased [53][119][121]. 3.2.2 Domestic and Foreign Macroeconomic Data Tracking - **Real - Estate Market**: The total transaction area of commercial housing decreased. Steel prices and LME non - ferrous metal futures official prices increased. The prices of coking coal and thermal coal showed certain trends, and the yields of inter - bank certificates of deposit and Yu'E Bao also changed [62][63][64]. 3.3 Local Bond One - Week Review 3.3.1 Primary - Market Issuance Overview - **Issuance Scale**: A total of 47 local bonds were issued in the primary market this week, with an issuance amount of 191.123 billion yuan, a repayment amount of 28.61 billion yuan, and a net financing amount of 162.512 billion yuan. The main investment direction is comprehensive [78]. - **Provincial Distribution**: Nine provinces and cities issued local bonds this week. Shandong, Anhui, and Jiangsu ranked in the top three in terms of issuance amount. Four provinces and cities issued special refinancing bonds for replacing hidden debts, with Anhui, Shandong, and Jiangsu ranking in the top three [81][85]. 3.3.2 Secondary - Market Overview - **Trading Volume and Turnover Rate**: The stock of local bonds this week was 50.4 trillion yuan, the trading volume was 405.906 billion yuan, and the turnover rate was 0.81%. The top three provinces with active trading were Shandong, Jiangsu, and Guangdong. The top three active trading terms were 30Y, 10Y, and 20Y [95]. - **Yield Changes**: The yields of local bonds generally increased this week [98]. 3.3.3 This Month's Local Bond Issuance Plan No detailed information was provided in the text. 3.4 Credit Bond Market One - Week Review 3.4.1 Primary - Market Issuance Overview - **Total Issuance**: A total of 554 credit bonds were issued in the primary market this week, with a total issuance amount of 546.509 billion yuan, a total repayment amount of 430.577 billion yuan, and a net financing amount of 115.933 billion yuan, an increase of 22.933 billion yuan compared with last week [102]. - **Bond - Type Breakdown**: The net financing amount of short - term financing bills was 34.145 billion yuan, medium - term notes was 65.393 billion yuan, enterprise bonds was - 13.5378 billion yuan, corporate bonds was 50.445 billion yuan, and private placement notes was - 20.513 billion yuan [107]. 3.4.2 Issuance Interest Rates The actual issuance interest rates of various bond types increased to varying degrees this week. For example, the issuance interest rate of short - term financing bills increased by 2.54 BP, and that of medium - term notes increased by 2.28 BP [117]. 3.4.3 Secondary - Market Transaction Overview The total trading volume of credit bonds this week was 595.007 billion yuan. The trading volume of short - term financing bills was 174.025 billion yuan, medium - term notes was 298.665 billion yuan, enterprise bonds was 138.86 billion yuan, corporate bonds was 443.31 billion yuan, and private placement notes was 641.01 billion yuan [118]. 3.4.4 Maturity Yields The maturity yields of various bonds such as national development bank bonds, short - term financing bills, medium - term notes, enterprise bonds, and urban investment bonds generally increased this week [119][121][122][124]. 3.4.5 Credit Spreads The credit spreads of short - term financing bills, medium - term notes, enterprise bonds, and urban investment bonds generally widened this week [125][129][131]. 3.4.6 Grade Spreads The grade spreads of short - term financing bills, medium - term notes, enterprise bonds, and urban investment bonds showed a differentiated trend this week [136][140][145]. 3.4.7 Trading Activity The industrial sector had the largest weekly trading volume of bonds this week, reaching 369.774 billion yuan, followed by public utilities, finance, materials, and optional consumption [149]. 3.4.8 Subject Rating Changes There were no downgrades or upgrades of issuer subject ratings or outlooks this week [151].
债市蓄力,提前布局
Minsheng Securities· 2025-04-27 10:58
固收周度点评 20250427 债市蓄力,提前布局 2025 年 04 月 27 日 [Table_Author] 分析师:谭逸鸣 研究助理:何楠飞 执业证号:S0100522030001 执业证号:S0100123070014 邮箱:tanyiming@mszq.com 邮箱:henanfei@mszq.com ➢ 债市盘整期,蓄力破局 本周(4/21-4/25)债市震荡特征较为明显,上半周多空交织,关税政策反 复放大债市波动,周初税期走款压力下资金面有所收敛,市场处于 MLF 续作、 特别国债发行及降准落地的期待中,情绪较为纠结。进入后半周,债市震荡走强, 特别国债发行结果尚可,叠加当日公告的 MLF 续作 6000 亿元,资金价格有所 回落,提振债市表现,周五政治局会议落地,再提"适时降准降息",但影响或边 际减弱,债市延续震荡格局。 4/21,债市震荡走弱,早盘 LPR 报价维持不变,税期走款扰动下,资金面 边际收敛,叠加股市低开高走,债市利率开盘后震荡上行,午后随着市场情绪有 所改善,转为震荡行情。当日 1Y、5Y、10Y、30Y 国债收益率分别变动 1.8、2.6、 1.7、1.9BP 至 1.4 ...
2025年3月财政数据点评:一季度财政收入表现偏弱,财政支出力度大幅提升
Dong Fang Jin Cheng· 2025-04-27 05:51
东方金诚宏观研究 东方金诚宏观研究 一季度财政收入表现偏弱,财政支出力度大幅提升 —— 2025 年 3 月财政数据点评 分析师:瞿瑞 冯琳 事件:财政部公布数据显示,2025 年 3 月,全国一般公共预算收入同比增长 0.3%, 1-2 月为下降 1.6%;3 月全国一般公共预算支出同比增长 5.7%,1-2 月为增长 3.4%;1-3 月全国政府性基金收入累计同比下降 11.0%,1-2 月为下降 10.7%;1-3 月全国政府性基金 支出累计同比增长 11.1%,1-2 月为增长 1.2%。 主要观点:尽管 3 月当月财政收入增速有所改善,但一季度财政收入端整体表现仍偏 弱,其中,一般公共预算收入累计同比下降 1.1%,低于去年全年累计增速;一季度政府性 基金收入同比下降 11.0%,主要受国有土地出让金收入同比降幅扩大拖累,背后是土地市 场持续低迷。从支出端来看,一季度广义财政支出累计同比增长 10.1%,其中,一般公共 预算支出同比增长 4.2%,主要源于今年年初政府债券发行提速,充实了可用财政资金。同 时,今年一季度新增专项债发行量同比高增,加之土地出让收入安排的支出同比降幅收窄, 拉动政府性基金 ...
小红书宣布将取消大小周!央行将开展6000亿元MLF操作!交易所发布劳动节休市安排!2025年超长期特别国债首次发行!
新浪财经· 2025-04-25 00:59
昨天,发生了哪些财经大事? 小红书将取消大小周 4月24日,小红书发布全员信,称公司基于信任设计机制,致力于建立与员工的长期关系。 小红书宣布将从5月1日起, 不新增现金或期权竞业,原有的现金和期权竞业全部释放 。全 员信还发布另外两项措施: 小红书员工在离职时期权可申请回购;取消隔周周六工作的安 排 。该两项措 施也均于5月1日起生效。 早些时候,话题#小红书将取消大小周#冲上微博热搜第一。针对小红书此次取消大小周, 网友纷纷发表看法。支持方表示,"休双休日本来就是每个劳动者应有的权利"、"早就应该 执行的事";反对方则表示,"大小周有双倍工资拿"、"取消了大小周,对于员工来说,工 作量依旧那么多;另一个,加班费没了"。 中国人民银行将开展 6000亿元MLF操作 中国人民银行24日发布公告称,为保持银行体系流动性充裕,4月25日中国人民银行将开 展6000亿元中期借贷便利(MLF)操作,期限为1年。 由于当月有1000亿元MLF到期,这意味着MLF净投放量达到5000亿元,为连续第二个月 加量续做。 "和上个月630亿元净投放相比,本月MLF净投放量显著放大,释放货币政策在稳增长方向 显著加力的信号。"东 ...
粤开宏观:财政如何应对关税战?
Yuekai Securities· 2025-04-24 03:18
证券研究报告 | 宏观深度 2025 年 04 月 24 日 分析师:罗志恒 执业编号:S0300520110001 电话:010-83755580 邮箱:luozhiheng@ykzq.com 近期报告 《【粤开宏观】中国 31 省份进出口全景图 (2024):区域格局、商品结构与贸易方式》 2025-04-22 《【粤开宏观】"双标"的美国产业政策: 类型、动因、效果及思考》2025-04-15 《【粤开宏观】可以更加坚定地看好中国股 市》2025-04-08 《【粤开宏观】重新理解特朗普关税:中国 应对的三大原则和五大建议》2025-04-06 《【粤开证券】特朗普"对等关税"为何远 超市场预期?影响及下一步》2025-04-03 宏观研究 【粤开宏观】财政如何应对关税战? 摘要 美国发起全球关税战严重破坏了全球经贸秩序,对华关税税率之高可能导致 中美贸易事实上脱钩,这在冲击美国经济的同时也将对中国的经济增长、出 口和就业产生较大冲击。充分估计形势的严峻性、充分做好应对的准备,未 雨绸缪,才能打赢关税战并化危为机;由此契机实施一系列改革,将推动中 国经济从债务和投资驱动转向科技和消费驱动、实现产业链高端 ...
专家建言财政政策再加码,选项含“房地产稳定基金”
第一财经· 2025-04-23 03:27
"一季度财政支出进度显著加快,积极财政政策发力为一季度经济'开门红'提供了有力支撑。"粤开证 券首席经济学家罗志恒告诉第一财经。 2025.04. 23 本文字数:2737,阅读时长大约5分钟 作者 | 第一财经 陈益刊 中国在今年首次实施更加积极的财政政策,意在通过扩大财政支出来提振内需促进消费,从而稳定经 济。这一政策效果正在显现。 财政部最新数据显示,今年一季度全国广义财政支出(一般公共预算支出和政府性基金支出)约9.3 万亿元,比去年同期增加近0.5万亿元,同比增长约5.6%。这一增速与一季度经济增速(5.4%)相 近。 面对关税战冲击,不少市场人士都期待财政政策发挥更大作用。其中除了靠前发力推动既定财政政策 尽快落地见效外,针对稳外贸、稳就业、稳楼市、促消费扩内需等推出财政增量政策,也受到市场高 度关注。 财政靠前发力 观察财政政策发力的一个关键指标,是财政支出强度。 根据财政部数据,今年一季度,全国一般公共预算支出72815亿元,同比增长4.2%。这一增速高于去 年同期及去年全年水平。 罗志恒表示,其中3月份的一般公共预算支出同比增长5.7%,较前两个月这一增速加快2.3个百分 点,支出进度显著加 ...
债市启明|如何看待二季度政府债供给压力
中信证券研究· 2025-04-23 00:15
文 | 明明 章立聪 史雨洁 杨宏宇 我们测算二季度国债净融资规模约1 . 7 7万亿元,较往年同期高出约7 0 0 0亿元;地方债总发行规模为2 . 8万亿元,净发行规模约2 万亿元。货币政策长期维持支持性立场,随着财政政策扩张发力,货币配合的必要性提升,可以通过降准、扩大公开市场操作 规模等方式增加流动性供给。但短期来看,政策余量充足而不急于全部落地,结合近期股市修复韧性强,经济数据超预期,汇 率压力仍存等因素来看,操作时点上或有更多考量。 ▍ 一季度政府债供给情况。 国债方面,一季度净融资规模超过1 . 4万亿元,占全年计划6 . 6 6万亿元的2 2%。由于全年计划发行规模较大,因此即便在一季 度发行进度明显快于往年同期,剩余发行额度仍然超过5万亿元,远高于往年同期剩余额度的水平。地方债方面,一季度地方 政府债券发行规模达2 . 8 4万亿元,创历史新高,其中特殊再融资债贡献主要增量,新增债发行偏慢。 ▍ 二季度政府债供给预测。 ▍ 风险因素: 货币政策、财政政策超预期;央行公开市场操作投放超预期;信用违约事件频发等。 本文节选自中信证券研究部已于当日发布的《 晨会 》报告,具体分析内容(包括相关风险 ...
财政政策如何向消费注入强劲动能 | 封面专题
清华金融评论· 2025-04-22 10:36
消费是夯实经济高质量发展的基础 消费是最终需求,既是经济增长的起点,也是长期发展的核心动力。提振既是应对外部环境变化、构建新发展格局的必然选择,也是发挥我国大国经济优 势、推动经济长期健康发展、持续满足人民美好生活需求的关键举措。 问题与挑战。近年来,尽管中国经济保持稳中有进的发展态势,但全球经济复苏乏力,外部需求不确定性上升,国内经济结构深度调整,内外部环境的变化 加速了经济增长动力的转换。国际上,全球经济下行压力加大,地缘冲击与博弈加剧,贸易保护主义抬头,逆全球化等趋势冲击全球供需格局。我国作为全 球制造业和出口大国,以外需作为重要驱动的增长模式面临新的挑战。与此同时,国内需求结构正在重塑。在疫情冲击、金融行业调整等多重因素交织影响 下,居民收入预期有所下降,消费信心和支付能力受到抑制,有效需求不足对供给端形成约束,影响经济增长动能。此外,在城镇化深入推进、新兴消费模 式蓬勃发展的背景下,消费需求正加快从生存型、物质型向发展型、服务型升级,内需对经济增长的支撑作用愈发凸显。 文/ 清华大学中国经济社会数据研究中心助理研究员 张航 ,清华大学五道口金 融学院讲席教授 陆毅 消费是经济高质量发展的基础动力,当 ...
时报观察丨超长期特别国债为扩内需促消费“添柴加薪”
证券时报· 2025-04-21 23:57
今年我国将发行超长期特别国债1.3万亿元。 今年的超长期特别国债将于4月24日开闸,首期聚焦20年、30年期品种。同时,专项债"自审自发"试点也在多 地密集落地。超长债和专项债的供给持续扩容,成为我国扩内需、促消费的重要抓手,为做大做强国内大循环 注入强劲动能。 证券时报各平台所有原创内容,未经书面授权,任何单位及个人不得转载。我社保留追 究相关 行 为主体 法律责任的权利。 转载与合作可联系证券时报小助理,微信ID:SecuritiesTimes END 相比去年,今年特别国债发行安排的披露时间更为靠前,融资速度也较快,意在为扩内需促消费"添柴加薪", 这对于进一步巩固和提升经济向好预期十分必要。今年一季度,在"两新""两重"政策支持下,相关消费品保持 两位数增长,反映出我国扩大内需取得阶段性成效。 提振消费需要政府有形之手"加油打气"。面对外部环境日趋复杂严峻的局面,国内经济不仅需要靠扩张性货币 政策发力,更需要依靠扩张性财政政策,进一步主动创造需求。其中,超长期特别国债能够安排更多的财政资 金用于更大力度促进消费、扩大内需,能够将私人储蓄聚集并转化为有效需求,进而支持经济增长,实现供给 与需求的同频共振 ...