【环球时报记者 倪浩 环球时报驻日本、美国特约记者 王天晴 冯亚仁 环球时报特约记者 孙默】编者的话：美国政府当地时间5月3日正式启动对进 口关键汽车零部件加征25%附加关税的措施。日本首相石破茂表示，美国政府对进口汽车零部件加征关税的举措"令人非常遗憾"，日方将采取一 切可能的措施予以应对。此前，石破茂将美国关税政策称为日本"国难"，而倚重美国市场的日本汽车产业也对特朗普筑起的贸易高墙忧心忡忡。 据日本广播协会网站报道，石破茂已经听取了经济再生担当大臣赤泽亮正就日美第二轮关税谈判的汇报，并计划为5月中旬举行的下一轮日美关税 谈判做准备。面对国内外的压力，日本同美国如何就汽车贸易进一步博弈引发广泛关注。 " 日本车企每小时损失 100 万美元 " 尽管面对国内外针对关税或扰乱供应链并推高汽车售价的呼声，美国政府于4月底对在美生产汽车的制造商实施为期两年的进口零部件的关税减 免，但据《日本经济新闻》5月4日报道，美国政府的关税依然会给日本汽车制造商带来更沉重的成本负担。随着零部件供应商的涨价压力增大， 价格不可避免地会转嫁到成品车上。这对此前长期在全球布局零部件供应网络的日本汽车制造商来说是一个重大打击。根据日 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need for China to transition from a production-oriented society to a consumption-oriented society to stimulate domestic demand and economic growth, especially in light of increasing external pressures and trade tensions [1][2][3]. Summary by Sections Transition to a Consumption-Oriented Society - The shift to a consumption-oriented society does not imply a reduction in production but rather a more balanced and sustainable relationship between consumption and production [2]. - Historical trends show that as economies develop, they typically transition from a production-oriented focus to a consumption-oriented one, with consumption's share of GDP following a U-shaped curve [4]. Misconceptions About Economic Growth - A common misconception is that increasing consumption will lead to a decline in economic growth; however, if consumer demand is weak, business investment will also decline, leading to slower economic growth [5]. - Data indicates that high consumption ratios do not necessarily correlate with lower economic growth rates, as evidenced by various countries with differing consumption shares and growth rates [7][8]. Current Economic Context in China - China's per capita GDP is approximately $12,000, similar to South Korea's level in 2000, suggesting significant room for growth in both consumption and investment [11]. - The current economic pressure in China is partly due to underutilized consumer demand, which can be addressed by enhancing consumption growth without sacrificing overall economic growth [11]. Role of Government and Policy Changes - The government needs to adjust the income distribution system and reform fiscal policies to encourage consumption, including increasing the labor income share in GDP [19][20]. - A proposed plan could aim for a doubling of national income over ten years, which would significantly boost consumer spending and position China as the largest consumer market globally [19]. Corporate Responsibility - Companies should enhance employee compensation and focus on quality and brand competition to foster a consumption-oriented environment [23][24]. - The emphasis should be on improving operational efficiency and reducing excessive competition, which can lead to better consumer experiences and higher overall consumption [24].