【文/观察者网 齐倩】 从马德里到成都、北京，两大文明古国跨越欧亚大陆的握手，正为一个多极化世界该如何运作，写下了 超越集团对抗的崭新范式。 "早上好！非常感谢。"11月11日上午，西班牙国王费利佩六世在成都举行的中国－西班牙商务论坛开幕 式上，秀了一句中文。此次论坛共有180家西班牙企业和近200家中国企业参加。 论坛上，西班牙经济、贸易和企业大臣卡洛斯·奎尔波表示，"不确定性"已成为全球形势新常态，但中 国仍是西班牙政府"毋庸置疑的优先事项"。他同样说了几句中文，赢得了热烈掌声。 12日，两国元首共同见证签署经贸、科技、教育等领域的10份合作文件，以实实在在的成果为此次历史 性访问写下了最有力的注脚。 西班牙国王费利佩六世在成都活动上发言 西班牙媒体 应中方邀请，费利佩六世10日开启对中国为期四天的国事访问。一名商界官员告诉英国《金融时报》， 在西班牙国王率领的访华团中，包括了来自汽车、食品、能源和制药等行业的一大批西班牙企业领袖和 代表。 多家西班牙媒体赞扬此次访华行程。其中，《世界报》引述中国媒体报道称，"2025年最令人惊讶的外 交时刻之一，无疑是费利佩六世访华"。《先锋报》提到，此行旨在缩小已近4 ...

然而，经济学界的研究给出了不同的结论。美国银行的专业分析指出，关税带来的额外成本中，有超过 一半最终转嫁给了普通消费者。标普全球的深入研究更进一步指出，仅今年一年，特朗普的关税政策就 让美国企业损失了1.2万亿美元，而这些损失最终都由美国消费者承担。 审过程中，大法官们的质疑声音不断。自由派阵营的三位大法官明确表示反对特朗普的关税政策，认为 征税权应该归属于国会，不应由总统单方面决定。出乎意料的是，特朗普提名的戈萨奇大法官也指出， 总统的权力一旦扩大，就像"开闸放水"，很难再收回。 首席大法官罗伯茨对"紧急权力法是否允许政府 随意加征关税"表示怀疑；卡瓦诺大法官则追问为何历任总统都没有依据该法加征关税；巴雷特大法官 也质疑实施对等关税的必要性。这些尖锐的问题直接触及案件的核心——总统是否有权在宣布"经济紧 急状态"后，对全球单方面加征关税？ 庭审过程中还揭露了一个重要事实：特朗普宣称通过关税为美国 争取到22万亿美元的外国投资，这一说法被证明完全不真实。大法官们明确指出，征税权属于国会，而 特朗普征收的关税实际上是向美国民众征收的消费税。 特朗普警告美国正面临"生死存亡"的重大时刻。他把个人的政治命运与国家的 ...

来源：中国新闻网 中新网北京11月12日电 (记者 夏宾)近日，中欧国际工商学院北京校区举办31周年校庆系列活动，在"高 朋满座"论坛上，中国服务贸易协会副会长赵晋平、原WTO总干事帕斯卡尔·拉米分别发表主题演讲，并 与对外经济贸易大学国际经贸学院教授崔凡就"全球经贸治理的挑战与未来"展开对话。 中欧国际工商学院北京校区举办31周年校庆系列活动——"高朋满座"论坛。主办方供图。 赵晋平在主旨演讲中表示，面对全球单边主义和贸易保护主义抬头的复杂形势，中国正通过推进制度型 开放开创合作共赢新局面。 他系统梳理了近年来中国就服务业开放与服务贸易出台的系列政策文件，包括通过跨境服务贸易、投资 准入和市场准入"三张负面清单"实现内外资一致管理；以上海自贸试验区和海南自由贸易港为代表，在 特殊区域进行高水平开放的"先行先试"；通过签署国际协定等方式推进制度型开放等。 赵晋平特别指出，近年来，中国和全球南方国家之间的合作不断深化，尤其是中国与东盟的双边经贸合 作，已经成为中国对外经贸关系的稳定锚和新引擎。2025年1-9月，中国和东盟双边贸易同比增长 9.6%，双向投资也对增强区域产业链供应链韧性产生重要作用。 帕斯卡尔· ...

中新网北京11月12日电(记者夏宾)近日，中欧国际工商学院北京校区举办31周年校庆系列活动，在"高 朋满座"论坛上，中国服务贸易协会副会长赵晋平、原WTO总干事帕斯卡尔·拉米分别发表主题演讲，并 与对外经济贸易大学国际经贸学院教授崔凡就"全球经贸治理的挑战与未来"展开对话。 赵晋平在主旨演讲中表示，面对全球单边主义和贸易保护主义抬头的复杂形势，中国正通过推进制度型 开放开创合作共赢新局面。 他系统梳理了近年来中国就服务业开放与服务贸易出台的系列政策文件，包括通过跨境服务贸易、投资 准入和市场准入"三张负面清单"实现内外资一致管理；以上海自贸试验区和海南自由贸易港为代表，在 特殊区域进行高水平开放的"先行先试"；通过签署国际协定等方式推进制度型开放等。 赵晋平特别指出，近年来，中国和全球南方国家之间的合作不断深化，尤其是中国与东盟的双边经贸合 作，已经成为中国对外经贸关系的稳定锚和新引擎。2025年1-9月，中国和东盟双边贸易同比增长 9.6%，双向投资也对增强区域产业链供应链韧性产生重要作用。 帕斯卡尔·拉米在题为"全球贸易：挑战与机遇"的主旨演讲中指出，全球贸易正呈现三大新常态：保护 主义抬头、预防主义强化 ...

Core Viewpoint - The European high-end manufacturing industry, particularly luxury goods, is facing significant pressure due to U.S. tariff policies, leading to a decline in performance across various sectors [1][2]. Group 1: Impact on Luxury Goods - European luxury brands are experiencing a downturn, with LVMH reporting a revenue drop in its fashion and leather goods division from €299.2 billion to €276.1 billion, a decrease of approximately 8% year-on-year [2]. - Kering's revenue also fell by about 12% to €11 billion, with its flagship brand Gucci seeing a 22% decline in revenue [2]. - The high-end automotive sector is similarly affected, with Porsche's operating profit plummeting by approximately 99%, from €40.35 billion to €400 million [2]. Group 2: Swiss Watch Industry - The Swiss watch industry is under severe strain, with a 39% tariff imposed on Swiss watches leading to a 56% year-on-year drop in exports to the U.S. in September [3]. - Swatch Group, which includes brands like Omega, relies heavily on the U.S. market, which constitutes nearly 17% of its exports [3]. Group 3: Consumer Confidence in the U.S. - The U.S. market accounts for over 23% of global personal luxury goods sales, and the tariff pressures are causing European luxury brands to raise prices, which is dampening American consumer purchasing intent [4]. - Porsche and Swatch have announced price increases of 5% to 15% in the U.S. market, reflecting the industry's response to cost pressures [4]. - Experts indicate that consumer confidence is crucial for luxury spending, and uncertainty in the economic and policy environment is leading to a cautious approach among American consumers [4]. Group 4: Long-term Industry Uncertainty - While price increases may provide short-term relief, they pose long-term risks to brand image and consumer loyalty, potentially deterring younger customers [5]. - Some European luxury brands are exploring local production in the U.S. to avoid tariffs, but face challenges such as a lack of skilled labor and low production efficiency [5][6]. - Efforts to optimize supply chains to control costs are also costly and may jeopardize craftsmanship standards, contributing to significant uncertainty in the global high-end consumer market [6].

Core Viewpoint - The participation of multinational companies from developed economies in the China International Import Expo (CIIE) is driven by the desire to access China's vast market, its role as a manufacturing hub, and the potential for achieving economies of scale [1][2][3]. Group 1: Motivations for Participation in CIIE - Multinational companies value China's large and effective purchasing power market, being the second-largest importer globally after the U.S. [1] - China serves as a central hub for manufacturing, allowing foreign companies to sell intermediate and capital goods, which are then processed into final consumer products for global markets [1][2]. - The potential for achieving industry and enterprise scale economies in China is attractive, as it allows foreign firms to maximize average cost efficiency and gain monopoly profits [2]. Group 2: China's Trade Strategy - China aims to counter external pressures, such as U.S. supply chain reshaping, by signing more regional and multilateral free trade agreements, including RCEP and CPTPP [3]. - The implementation of unilateral visa-free policies for developed economies and the promotion of cross-border e-commerce are part of China's strategy to enhance trade facilitation [4]. Group 3: Unique Features of CIIE - The eighth CIIE introduced a special zone for products from underdeveloped economies, offering zero tariffs to help them access the market [5]. - The expo has expanded from a national to a provincial level, encouraging local government collaboration with foreign entities [5]. - Cross-border e-commerce is highlighted as a key feature, enabling small and medium enterprises to enter the Chinese market effectively [6]. Group 4: CIIE's Role Against Trade Protectionism - CIIE exemplifies China's commitment to multilateral free trade policies, promoting high-standard trade agreements to counteract protectionism [8]. - The expo facilitates the integration of domestic and international supply chains, particularly in key industries like photovoltaics and electric vehicles [8]. - Institutional reforms, such as visa facilitation and digital currency payment options, are seen as effective measures against trade protectionism [8]. Group 5: Integration into China's Ecosystem - For multinational companies, CIIE serves as a vital channel for integrating into China's economic ecosystem, especially for those familiar with the Chinese market since the 1980s [9]. - The expo provides opportunities for underdeveloped economies to find business prospects in China, thereby expanding China's economic ecosystem [9][10]. Group 6: CIIE's Broader Impact - CIIE acts as a connector between domestic and international markets, supporting the Belt and Road Initiative and fostering communication with underdeveloped economies [10]. - The expo's cross-border e-commerce platform addresses information asymmetry and reduces costs, allowing more small and medium enterprises to participate [10]. - By promoting multilateral trade and opposing protectionism, CIIE strengthens China's position in global trade dynamics [11].

Group 1: U.S.-EU Trade Relations - The U.S. trade policy is causing a fundamental shift in U.S.-EU trade relations, moving away from a rules-based system to a more aggressive stance [1][5] - The EU is facing a "perfect storm" in its steel and automotive industries due to U.S. tariffs of 50% on steel and 15% on automobiles, leading to significant pressure on these sectors [2][6][7] - The recent framework agreement between the U.S. and EU is viewed as a "risk mitigation" measure rather than a stable foundation for trade relations [5][12] Group 2: EU's Strategic Response - The EU is adopting a "diversification" strategy to reduce reliance on the U.S. by pursuing trade agreements with countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and India [2][10][11] - The EU aims to strengthen its internal market resilience while avoiding a protectionist path similar to the U.S. [2][11] - The EU is committed to compliance with WTO rules while addressing the challenges posed by U.S. unilateral actions [2][11] Group 3: Future Trade Disputes - The digital regulation area is anticipated to be a new focal point for trade disputes, with U.S. tech companies pressuring the government to counter EU digital rules [2][13] - Potential conflicts may also arise from EU climate legislation, particularly regarding environmental regulations [2][13] - The U.S. has threatened to initiate investigations under Section 301 against EU digital regulations, indicating a risk of escalating tensions [12][13] Group 4: WTO Reform and Leadership - The EU is called to take a leadership role in WTO reforms, focusing on key areas such as subsidy rules, economic security policies, and dispute resolution mechanisms [3][14] - Cooperation with like-minded countries and key players like China is essential for effective WTO reform, particularly in subsidy rule discussions [3][14] - The EU's strategy includes enhancing its free trade agreement network, aiming to solidify partnerships that adhere to a rules-based trade system [17]

Group 1: U.S. Trade Policy and Agreements - The U.S. has implemented a series of tariffs, including a 10% baseline tariff and additional tariffs based on trade deficits, with rates reaching up to 104% for China[14][3] - Since April 2025, the U.S. has engaged in three phases of trade negotiations: exploratory, difficult negotiations, and signing agreements, with significant pressure on trade partners to comply[10][2] - The agreements reached primarily reflect "America First" principles, with countries making concessions on tariffs, investments, and market access[2][1] Group 2: Global Economic Impact - The traditional multilateral trade order is being undermined, leading to a restructured global economic system where trade relations are increasingly determined by national power rather than market forces[2][1] - Economic nationalism and fair trade ideologies are emerging as new narratives in global trade, with countries forming regional alliances to enhance economic resilience[2][1] - Despite U.S. trade pressures, China's economy remains resilient, with a projected increase in foreign trade in the first three quarters of 2025, as other regions fill the gap left by reduced U.S. exports[3][1] Group 3: Risks and Uncertainties - The uncertainty surrounding U.S. tariff policies poses risks, as judicial challenges could lead to significant changes in trade relations[4][1] - The recent U.S.-China economic agreement is merely a framework and does not resolve underlying strategic differences, leaving room for future trade tensions[4][1] - Third-party countries may face pressure to align with U.S. policies, potentially leading to increased tariffs on Chinese products and further complicating China's economic landscape[4][1]

Core Insights - The China International Import Expo (CIIE) serves as a significant platform for foreign enterprises, particularly American companies, to showcase their products and services in China, reflecting the country's commitment to multilateralism and openness [2][3]. Group 1: Participation and Impact - American companies have consistently been the largest group of exhibitors at CIIE, with over 50,000 square meters of exhibition space this year, marking the seventh consecutive year of leading participation [2]. - The U.S. Food and Agriculture Pavilion occupies an area of 350 square meters, emphasizing the importance of agricultural products in U.S.-China trade relations [2]. Group 2: Business Environment - The Shanghai American Chamber of Commerce reports significant improvements in China's business environment, particularly in regulatory transparency, intellectual property protection, cross-border data management, and government procurement [2]. - Despite challenges posed by trade protectionism, there is a strong belief in the potential for mutually beneficial cooperation between the U.S. and China, especially in the agricultural sector [3]. Group 3: Global Leadership and Trade Relations - The recent APEC meeting resulted in a consensus that includes the suspension of certain tariffs and trade measures, indicating a positive shift in U.S.-China trade relations [4]. - China is positioned to play a leading role in globalization and the multilateral trade system, with the upcoming APEC meeting in Shenzhen seen as a crucial opportunity to showcase this leadership [5].

更为严重的是，默茨举动不仅是针对中国，也是在考验和挑战整个欧盟的贸易政策。尽管他试图借欧盟委员会提出的相关提案为自己的单边动寻找"合法 性"，但实际上这一切都只是耳盗铃罢了。真正的保护主义，只会使得各国经济互相割席断交，最终损的只会是执行这些政策的国家自身。 最近，德国总理默茨的一则关于钢材加关税的消息迅速引发热议，仿佛在德国的自由贸易神话上投下了一块巨石。几个月前，他还在嘲讽保护主义的耳光， 而现在却突然转身，打算用关税作为"新武器"来保护德国的钢铁产业，这究竟是怎么回事？ 德中之间的经济纽带是非常紧密的，今年以来，双方的贸易额已经超过了1600亿欧元，涵盖了新能源、汽车、机械等多个关键领域。回头一看，默茨的这一 决定如同在刚刚缓和的中德关系上泼了一盆冷水。 分析这条新闻，不少人认为，默茨的改变很可能是承受了来自西方的压力。美国政府的贸易政策持续打击中国，默茨或许是觉得自己也不得不随大流，以避 免在国际舞台上孤立无援。这种趋势在欧洲不少国家都有体现，频繁的西方政客之间的"亲美"言论显得暗流涌动，不禁令人担忧。更有趣的是，默茨或许还 希望通过这个举动引起中国的注意，以期获得访问的机会。可这算什么诚意呢？要知道 ...