文/ 财政部党组书记、部长 蓝佛安 中央经济工作会议明确提出，2 02 5年要实施更加积极的财政政策，持续 用力、更加给力，打好政策"组合拳"。持续用力，就是要做好政策衔接， 既让已出台的政策发挥最大效能，又及时出台新的有力度的政策，根据外 部影响程度动态调整，前后贯通、接续发力。更加给力，就是要用好用足 政策空间，加强超常规逆周期调节，提高宏观调控的前瞻性、针对性、有 效性，使政策力度更大、效果更好，各方面更有获得感。具体体现在五个 方面：一是提高财政赤字率，加大支出强度、加快支出进度。二是安排更 大规模政府债券，为稳增长、调结构提供更多支撑。三是大力优化支出结 构、强化精准投放，更加注重惠民生、促消费、增后劲。四是持续用力防 范化解重点领域风险，促进财政平稳运行、可持续发展。五是进一步增加 对地方转移支付，增强地方财力、兜牢"三保"底线。 一、迎难而上、积极作为，2024年财政工作取得新进展新成效，有力促进完成全年经济社会发展目标任 务 2024年是实现"十四五"规划目标任务的关键一年，外部压力加大、内部困难增多。以习近平同志为核心 的党中央沉着应变、综合施策，特别是三季度打破常规、果断出手，及时推出一揽 ...

Core Viewpoint - In 2025, China will implement a more proactive fiscal policy, with a focus on enhancing resource allocation and precise funding to support economic recovery and growth [1][5]. Group 1: Fiscal Policy Implementation - The Shandong Provincial Finance Department aims to deepen the implementation of a more proactive fiscal policy, emphasizing resource coordination and precise funding to provide solid fiscal support for economic recovery [2][3]. - The fiscal policy will prioritize improving people's livelihoods, promoting consumption, and enhancing economic resilience, linking these aspects to boost living standards and create new economic growth points [2][6]. Group 2: Investment in People's Livelihoods - Shandong will increase basic livelihood investment, ensuring that the proportion of livelihood expenditure remains stable at around 80% [2][7]. - The province will enhance fiscal regulation effectiveness and provide strong support for consumption, including expanding the scope of policies for trade-in programs for consumer goods [2][7]. Group 3: Economic Resilience and Investment - Shandong will focus on developing new productive forces by supporting education, technology innovation, and green low-carbon initiatives to stimulate internal economic dynamics [3][8]. - The province will also aim to expand effective investment by leveraging government investment to attract social investment and enhance the efficiency of special bonds [3][8]. Group 4: Fiscal Reform Initiatives - The Shandong Provincial Finance Department plans to deepen fiscal and tax reforms, launching a series of signature reform outcomes unique to Shandong [4][9]. - Key reforms will include improving the modern budgeting system, enhancing budget management, and increasing financial support for major strategic tasks and basic livelihoods [4][9].

今年的政府工作报告提出，实施更加积极的财政政策。统筹安排收入、债券等各类财政资 金，确保财政政策持续用力、更加给力。今年赤字率拟按4%左右安排、比上年提高1个百分 点，赤字规模5.66万亿元、比上年增加1.6万亿元。 具体如何发力，财政预算报告给出了更详细的答案。根据界面新闻的梳理，积极的财政政策 主要体现在四个方面：广义财政显著扩张、非税收入大幅下降、支出结构优化以及中央支出 显著提升。 财政部在预算报告中称，综合判断，国内外环境变化带来的影响将持续向财政传导，2025年 财政收支矛盾仍然突出，必须把困难挑战考虑得更充分一些，把政策举措准备得更周全一 些，为促进经济持续健康发展提供坚实保障。 广义财政显著扩张 根据预算报告，2025年拟安排财政预算赤字率4%左右，比上年提高1个百分点，赤字规模 5.66万亿元、比上年增加1.6万亿元。这里的赤字率是指狭义赤字率，即政府预算内的收支差 额和名义国内生产总值（GDP）之比。 此外，今年新增地方政府专项债规模为4.4万亿元，较上年增加5000亿元；发行1.3万亿元超 长期特别国债，较上年增加3000亿元；发行5000亿元特别国债，补充国有大行核心一级资 本。新增地 ...

南方财经全媒体集团全国两会报道组 作 者丨周潇枭 编 辑丨张星 3月5日，十四届全国人大三次会议开幕会举行，国务院总理李强作政府工作报告。 政府工作报告指出，2 0 2 5年经济增长预期目标为5%左右，既是稳就业、防风险、惠民生的需 要，也有经济增长潜力和有利条件支撑，并与中长期发展目标相衔接，突出迎难而上、奋发有 为的鲜明导向。 政府工作报告指出，要实施更加积极的财政政策，实施适度宽松的货币政策。政府工作报告还 对今年的重点工作进行部署，包括大力提振消费、提高投资效益，因地制宜发展新质生产力， 深入实施科教兴国战略，推动标志性改革举措加快落地，扩大高水平对外开放，有效防范化解 重点领域风险等。 完成5%左右的增长目标有哪些支撑条件？如何看待更加积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政 策组合？如何大力提振消费？如何提高投资效益？有哪些重点产业赛道值得关注？当前应推动 哪些重点改革事项落地？带着这些问题2 1世纪经济报道记者专访了中国宏观经济研究院院长 黄汉权。 黄汉权。资料图 以新质生产力为驱动的发展态势在逐步形成 《2 1世纪》 ：2 0 2 4年我国G D P规模接近1 3 5万亿元，同比增长5 %。如何看待中 ...

Core Viewpoint - The government work report sets a GDP growth target of around 5% for 2025, emphasizing the need for job creation, stabilizing expectations, and achieving modernization goals [3][4]. Group 1: Economic Growth Target - The 5% growth target is aimed at creating sufficient new jobs, with approximately 12 million new graduates entering the job market [3]. - Maintaining a stable growth rate of around 5% is crucial for stabilizing market expectations and signaling to investors and consumers that the economy remains resilient [3]. - Achieving the goal of modernization by 2035 requires sustained economic growth of around 5% to reach a per capita GDP close to $30,000 [3]. Group 2: Macroeconomic Policies - The report advocates for a more proactive fiscal policy and moderately loose monetary policy to address uncertainties and support economic growth [6][7]. - Increasing the deficit ratio to around 4% and expanding the issuance of special bonds are part of the proactive fiscal measures [7]. - A moderately loose monetary policy aims to maintain liquidity and encourage banks to provide low-cost funding to enterprises [7]. Group 3: Consumer and Investment Strategies - To boost consumption, the focus should be on increasing residents' income, especially for low- and middle-income groups, and optimizing income distribution [9]. - Investment efficiency can be improved by identifying promising industries and projects, supported by favorable government policies [10]. - Expanding domestic demand is essential, especially in light of external pressures, by enhancing both consumption and investment [9]. Group 4: Development of New Productive Forces - Developing new productive forces is necessary for sustained economic growth, moving beyond traditional industries to create new demand through innovation [11]. - Local governments should tailor their development strategies based on regional advantages, avoiding uniform approaches [12]. Group 5: Economic System Reforms - Key reforms include establishing a unified national market to enhance resource allocation efficiency and support the development of the private economy [14][15]. - The government should focus on maintaining order and providing services, stepping back from direct market involvement [16]. Group 6: Risk Management - The real estate market is in a stabilization phase after significant adjustments, requiring supportive policies to ensure healthy development [17]. - Effective management of local debt risks involves setting clear borrowing limits and ensuring that debt is used efficiently [18].

Core Viewpoint - The government work report emphasizes a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately loose monetary policy to support economic growth, with a target GDP growth rate of around 5% for 2025, reflecting the need for employment stability, risk prevention, and improving people's livelihoods [1][2]. Fiscal Policy Summary - The fiscal deficit rate for 2025 is set at around 4%, an increase of 1 percentage point from the previous year, with a total deficit scale of 5.66 trillion yuan, up by 1.6 trillion yuan [1][3]. - The issuance of special bonds is planned at 1.3 trillion yuan, an increase of 300 billion yuan from the previous year, aimed at supporting state-owned commercial banks and local government projects [1][4]. - The total new government debt for the year is projected to reach 11.86 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.9 trillion yuan compared to last year, indicating a significant increase in fiscal spending intensity [1][5]. Monetary Policy Summary - A moderately loose monetary policy will be implemented, with measures such as timely reserve requirement ratio (RRR) cuts and interest rate reductions to ensure ample liquidity [2][4]. - The focus will be on optimizing structural monetary policy tools to promote healthy development in the real estate and stock markets, as well as supporting technological innovation and green development [2][6]. Special Bonds and Local Government Debt - The increase in local special bonds is expected to enhance their role in stabilizing growth, addressing shortfalls, and promoting recovery in the real estate market [5][6]. - Special bonds will be directed towards municipal construction, new energy, and new infrastructure, with a portion allocated for replacing hidden debts, thereby reducing local debt risks [5][6]. Long-term Special Bonds - The scale of long-term special bonds will be expanded to 1.3 trillion yuan, with a significant portion aimed at boosting consumption and supporting high-end, intelligent, and green transformation of equipment [3][6]. - Issuing special bonds to supplement commercial bank capital is expected to lower risks for banks and enhance their ability to support the real economy through interest rate cuts [6].