证券研究报告 固收 流动性跟踪周报（2025.3.31-4.6） 华泰研究 2025 年 4 月 08 日│中国内地 流动性周报 资金面均衡，资金利率下行 上周公开市场到期 11868 亿元，均为逆回购到期，公开市场投放 6849 亿元， 均为逆回购，合计净回笼 5019 亿元。资金面保持均衡，DR007 均值为 1.89%，较前一周下行 7BP，R007 均值为 1.98%，较前一周下行 18BP， DR001 和 R001 均值分别为 1.75%和 2.05%。交易所回购利率整体下行， GC007 均值为 1.93%，较前一周下行 34BP。截至上周最后一个交易日， 逆回购未到期余额为 7634 亿元，较前一周下行。 存单利率下行，IRS 收益率下行 上周存单合计到期 1063.5 亿元，发行 2723.6 亿元，净融资规模 1660.1 亿 元。截至上周最后一个交易日，存单到期收益率（1 年期 AAA）为 1.8%， 较前一周下行。本周存单单周到期规模在 5570.7 亿元左右，到期压力较前 一周增大。利率互换方面，上周 1 年期 FR007 利率互换均值为 1.69%，较 前一周下行。从存单和利率互换 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the continued significance of low volatility factors as resonance factors in investment strategies, integrating macroeconomic quantitative insights with factor momentum [1][2] - The analysis indicates that the economic recovery is ongoing, liquidity is returning to a neutral-tight state, and credit indicators are improving, with no need for adjustments based on micro mappings [1][2] - The stock pool configurations for various indices such as CSI 300 and CSI 1000 show a consistent preference for low volatility and growth factors, with value factors also being selected in the CSI 500 index [2] Group 2 - Economic leading indicators are positioned in the late stage of an upward trend, with expectations of reaching a peak by June 2025 and entering a downward cycle by December 2025 [3][8] - Specific indicators such as PMI and fixed asset investment are showing positive trends, suggesting continued economic growth in the near term [3][9] - The liquidity environment is tightening, with short-term interest rates rising above their moving averages, indicating a shift towards a tighter monetary policy [11][15] Group 3 - Credit indicators have shown improvement, with social financing stock increasing for two consecutive months, reflecting a more favorable credit environment [16][18] - The asset allocation strategy suggests reducing bond and US stock positions while increasing allocations in A-shares and commodities, reflecting a bullish outlook on domestic markets [18][22] - The focus on liquidity as a key variable driving market performance indicates that fluctuations in liquidity will significantly impact stock volatility and overall market dynamics [19][22]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent changes in China's monetary policy, particularly focusing on the People's Bank of China's (PBOC) operations in the bond market and the implications for liquidity and interest rates in the financial system [1][6]. Group 1: Current Issues in the Bond Market - After the Spring Festival, funding rates have significantly deviated upwards from the reverse repurchase rate, with the 7-day rate exceeding the upper limit of the interest rate corridor during tax periods [2]. - The market is experiencing confusion regarding policy pricing due to the lack of a policy anchor for government bond rates and the unknown acceptable interest rate level from the PBOC [2]. Group 2: MLF Operations - The MLF (Medium-term Lending Facility) has resumed net injections, characterized by three key features: advance announcement of bidding, cessation of publishing the winning rate, and a return to conventional monetary tool attributes [3]. - The MLF's cost is now close to the interbank deposit rate, indicating its potential role as a regular liquidity tool moving forward [3]. Group 3: OMO Announcements - Starting March 25, the PBOC began to publish both the bidding and winning amounts for reverse repos, which may provide new insights into the central bank's policy stance [4]. - The difference between the bidding and winning amounts can reflect the market's liquidity demand and the PBOC's monetary policy attitude [4]. Group 4: Government Bond Transactions - The PBOC has not resumed government bond purchases, opting instead for a significant reverse repo injection of 800 billion yuan [5]. - The current demand for long-term liquidity from commercial banks remains high, and the resumption of government bond transactions may be necessary for providing long-term liquidity [5]. Group 5: Implications of Policy Changes - The recent policy changes suggest a more transparent communication method between the PBOC and the market, enhancing channels for expectation management [7]. - The PBOC's decision to pause government bond purchases may be influenced by the need to maintain independence and avoid exacerbating supply-demand imbalances in the bond market [7].

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) has adopted a moderately loose monetary policy, focusing on maintaining liquidity and stabilizing market interest rates through various tools, including reverse repos and medium-term lending facilities (MLF) [1][2][3]. Group 1: Monetary Policy Actions - In March, the PBOC conducted 800 billion yuan in reverse repo operations and did not engage in government bond transactions [1]. - With 700 billion yuan of reverse repos maturing in March, the net injection for the month was 100 billion yuan, continuing to release medium-term liquidity [2]. - The PBOC's net injection of medium-term funds was 9.05 trillion yuan, 4 trillion yuan, and 1.63 trillion yuan in January to March, totaling over 1.4 trillion yuan for the first quarter [2]. Group 2: Market Conditions - The banking system has experienced a tight funding environment, with the weighted average interest rate for 7-day repo transactions remaining above 1.7% and exceeding 2.0% since March 27 [2]. - Market experts suggest that the tightening of liquidity is a result of the PBOC's efforts to stabilize the exchange rate and manage interest rate risks [2]. Group 3: Future Expectations - Some market analysts believe that liquidity is gradually shifting towards a more accommodative stance, with expectations for a balanced approach to monetary policy that supports growth and credit [3]. - There is an anticipation of increased government bond issuance, which may require a more accommodative liquidity environment to avoid high issuance costs [3]. - The PBOC may resume government bond purchases and expand reverse repo operations or consider reserve requirement ratio cuts to inject liquidity into the market [3][4].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that the People's Bank of China (PBOC) has restarted net MLF (Medium-term Lending Facility) operations, signaling a marginal easing of monetary policy while indicating a lower probability of short-term reserve requirement ratio (RRR) cuts [1][3][4] - The MLF net injection of 630 billion yuan is the first since July 2024, reflecting a signal of "moderate easing" amidst tightening liquidity conditions [3][4] - The adjustment of MLF operations to a multiple-price bidding system is expected to lower funding costs for banks, alleviating net interest margin pressures [12][14] Group 2 - The transition to a multiple-price bidding system for MLF indicates a complete exit of its policy rate attributes, aligning with the PBOC's broader monetary policy framework reforms [14][15] - The PBOC's monetary policy framework has evolved through three key reforms: simplifying targets, strengthening the 7-day reverse repo rate, and reducing the emphasis on MLF [17][20] - The PBOC aims to maintain a steep yield curve to prevent financial risks, with the recent liquidity easing leading to a stable decline in long-term yields [28][29]

【央行圆桌汇】人民银行：根据国内外经济金融形 势和金融市场运行情况 择机降准降息 ·中国人民银行货币政策委员会召开2025年第一季度例会 ·美联储维持利率不变 ·英国央行维持基准利率不变 ·日本央行维持现行利率水平不变 ·瑞士央行将基准利率下调25个基点至0.25% ·俄罗斯央行宣布维持关键利率在21%不变 ·巴西央行加息100个基点 ·土耳其央行将隔夜拆借利率提高至46% 【全球央行动态】 ·中国人民银行货币政策委员会2025年第一季度（总第108次）例会于3月18日召开。会议研究了下 阶段货币政策主要思路，建议加大货币政策调控强度，提高货币政策调控前瞻性、针对性、有效性，根 据国内外经济金融形势和金融市场运行情况，择机降准降息。保持流动性充裕，引导金融机构加大货币 信贷投放力度，使社会融资规模、货币供应量增长同经济增长、价格总水平预期目标相匹配。 ·美联储宣布将联邦基金利率目标区间维持在4.25%至4.50%之间。这是自1月底会议以来，美联储再 次决定维持利率不变。美联储在声明中提到"经济前景不确定性增加"，相较于1月议息会议声明的措 辞"经济前景不确定"，程度进一步升级。 ·美国纽约联储主席威廉姆斯表示 ...

以下文章来源于申万宏源证券上海分公司 ，作者杨敏 申万宏源证券上海分公司 . 申万宏源证券上海分公司官微，能为您提供账户开立、软件下载、研究所及投顾资讯等综合服务，为您 的财富保驾护航。 摘要： 短期震荡还将继续，耐心等待流动性和四月决断催化的落地。 ------------------ 盘面走弱体现在三方面： 一、一直是市场情绪指标的北证50周四开始出现了趋势的破位，影响小盘股的情绪。 二、盘面近期连续的负反馈，这周科技多个发布会和财报落地，对于一些财报超预期的公司，相关板块 走势偏弱。 三、低位持续性不强，高位没有增量。 展开说，低位的顺周期品种，反弹一波修复估值后，近期涨不动了，等待宏观数据的催化。高位的科技 股，新催化有，但市场对普通的消息已经反馈递减，从deepseek到阿里财报到manus到近期的腾讯、小 米财报，对板块的拉动边际效应降低。新进的资金也不愿意在没有调整的时候直接进场买科技。 以上三个现象造成了近期市场走势的震荡，破局点在于两方面; 1、流动性 周四凌晨美联储利率决议三个要点：3月不降息以及年内有望两次降息都符合预期，但有一个超预期， 即4月1日开始放缓资产负债表缩减步伐。明显偏鸽派 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the importance of macroeconomic analysis in understanding global economic trends and the role of financial services in supporting the real economy [2][12]. Group 1: Analyst Background - Chen Dafei, the Chief Macro Analyst at Shenwan Hongyuan Research, has 8 years of experience in the securities industry, focusing on global macroeconomics, monetary policy, and liquidity [3]. - Chen's career includes positions at Dongfang Securities and Guojin Securities, where he led macro research teams before joining Shenwan Hongyuan Research in August 2024 [3]. Group 2: Research Insights - The significance of overseas macro research has grown since 2018, particularly due to the evolving US-China trade relations and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a resurgence of inflation [5][6]. - Chen emphasizes a paradigm shift from a "low interest rate era" to a "high volatility era," where monetary policy becomes crucial in managing inflation [5]. - His research methodology involves a unified approach of "facts-theory-history," focusing on current facts, theoretical understanding, and historical comparisons to deepen insights [9]. Group 3: Professional Development - For newcomers in the industry, a genuine passion for research is essential, as it drives continuous learning and discovery [10]. - Deep thinking skills, supported by a broad knowledge base, are critical for effective economic research [10]. - Proficiency in AI tools is increasingly necessary to enhance research efficiency, paralleling the importance of traditional office software [11]. Group 4: Industry Perspectives - The relationship between finance and the real economy is characterized by both unity and opposition, with financial services playing a vital role in promoting high-quality economic development [12]. - Financial systems exhibit pro-cyclical behavior, which can extend economic expansion but may also lead to instability during downturns [12]. - Long-term economic growth is driven by technological innovation, with finance playing a crucial role in supporting research and development [12]. Group 5: Cultural Influence - The integration of party-building culture within Shenwan Hongyuan Research enhances personal growth and professional thinking, aligning with the broader strategic goals of the organization [14].

中信建投固收｜固羽增收 - 信用性价比框架失效了吗 20250320 摘要 Q&A 当前信用债的性价比框架是否失效？ 我们认为当前的信用债性价比框架在某些情况下确实失效。尽管按照之前的性 价比框架，短端信用债已经进入了较好的投资区间，但市场环境和前提条件发 生了变化。自 2022 年起，我们观察到中短票的信用利差（3A 评级、3 年期限） 在 30 到 50BP 之间波动。然而，2024 年的市场调整显示，这一规律并不总是适 用。 • 信用利差受资产荒、流动性及风险偏好影响，2024 年公募基金增持长端信 用债，改变了市场调整模式，3-7 年期债券调整幅度超过短端，需关注资 金面和货币政策。 • 构建信贷性价比框架需满足资产荒、流动性稳定和风险偏好不变三个假设， 否则适用性受限。当前利率债供给增加，传统信用利差配置区间逻辑可能 变化。 • 股市与理财产品存在互动，散户资金流向影响债市，需关注市场分化。广 义基金仓位平衡时应防守，仓位低则需配置，关注资金面和货币政策。 • 2025 年初专项债发行扰动市场，央行紧平衡操作并引导资金中枢偏高运行， 需关注银行态度及其引导方式，而非简单解读为阶段性扰动。 • 当前资 ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry or specific companies [34]. Core Insights - The economic fundamentals indicate a slowdown in export growth and a need for inflation to be boosted, alongside fragile recovery in real estate demand, highlighting persistent issues with domestic demand [10] - Despite potential fiscal support for a strong start to the first quarter, the policy tone remains cautious, suggesting a prudent approach from decision-makers regarding the strength of economic recovery [10] - Liquidity conditions are marginally easing post-month-end, with some recovery in the deviation of DR007 from policy rates, but government bond supply and seasonal MPA assessments may still disrupt the bond market [10] - The external environment remains uncertain, particularly regarding the timing of potential interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve and the limited downward space for U.S. Treasury yields, compounded by uncertainties in U.S.-China relations [10] - Overall, the bond market is expected to remain volatile in the short term, with limited room for further interest rate increases, and institutions with stable liabilities should consider a barbell strategy for allocation [10] Summary by Sections 1. Central Bank Open Market Operations - During the week of March 10-14, 2025, the central bank had a net withdrawal of 191.7 billion yuan, with reverse repos of 526.2 billion yuan and a total withdrawal of 777.9 billion yuan [15] - The reverse repo balance stood at 526.2 billion yuan, and the MLF balance was 40,940 billion yuan as of the end of the week [15] 2. Government Bond Issuance and Maturity - Government bond issuance decreased week-on-week, totaling 424.07 billion yuan, with maturities of 304.59 billion yuan, resulting in net financing of 245.85 billion yuan [16] - The expected issuance for the following week is 226.17 billion yuan, with maturities of 319.10 billion yuan, leading to net financing of 108.68 billion yuan [16] 3. Interbank Certificate of Deposit Market Overview - The net financing of interbank certificates of deposit increased, with issuance at 835.01 billion yuan and maturities at 771.75 billion yuan, resulting in net financing of 63.26 billion yuan [20] - The weighted issuance rate for interbank certificates of deposit was 2.07%, up by 1.9 basis points from the previous week [22] 4. Changes in Funding Rates - The average rates for DR001 and DR007 increased slightly, with DR001 rising by 0.6 basis points to 1.78% and DR007 by 0.9 basis points to 1.81% [26] - The overall trend in bill rates was downward, with the average rate for 6-month government bonds at 1.36%, down 2 basis points from the previous week [29] 5. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests that institutions with stable liabilities should adopt a barbell strategy for allocation, while trading funds need to be cautious of liquidity disturbances and regulatory scrutiny as the quarter-end approaches [30] - Attention should be paid to potential reserve requirement ratio cuts, as renewed expectations for monetary easing could drive interest rates back into a downward trend if economic data confirms weak recovery [30]