近期地缘变局详解及 关联品种投资逻辑透视 国泰君安期货研究所· 黄柳楠 首席分析师 Z0015892 季先飞 首席分析师 Z0012691 戴 璐 首席分析师 Z0021475 陈鑫超 首席分析师 Z0020238 杨鈜汉 高级分析师 Z0021541 刘雨萱 高级分析师 Z0020476 日期：2026年3月1日 Guotai Junan Futures all rights reserved, please do not reprint 中东地区地缘政治 ◆中东局势分析: 中东地区局势紧张，尤其是美国与伊朗间的矛盾加剧，未来可能导致更大规模的军事冲突。这 种冲突可能会打断全球石油和天然气供应，影响国际市场的价格和投资决策。 Special report on Guotai Junan Futures 2 ◆地缘政治风险影响: 当前地缘政治风险已从潜在转变为现实，尤其是油气市场的影响显著。波斯湾作为全球关 键的能源运输通道，若发生冲突，将对全球能源供应链造成冲击，推动油价上升，增加投资的不确定性。 ◆战争爆发前市场对于伊朗政权未来的看法存在分歧：有一部分人认为政权不会轻易变更，另一些人则希望通过 外部力量助 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Financial Secretary of Hong Kong, Paul Chan, expresses a cautiously optimistic outlook for Hong Kong's economy by 2026, citing positive development momentum despite increasing external risks [1] Economic Outlook - Hong Kong's economic development is showing good momentum, supported by a steady advancement of the mainland economy, solid fundamentals, a large market size, and ample policy space [1] - There is an expectation that consumer and investment sentiment will improve, aided by the general market anticipation of further interest rate cuts by the U.S. in 2026, which, although may not be substantial, are viewed positively for market prospects [1] Strategic Initiatives - Hong Kong aims to leverage its unique advantages of "internal and external connectivity" and its international characteristics as outlined in the "14th Five-Year Plan" [1] - The focus will be on enhancing the roles of "super connectors" and "super value creators," consolidating traditional advantageous industries and markets while exploring new markets and nurturing emerging industries [1] - Initiatives include improving listing systems, market structures, and trading mechanisms to make Hong Kong's stock market more international, positioning it as a preferred listing location for both mainland and overseas companies, including those from the Middle East and Southeast Asia [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that the recent military action by the United States in Venezuela is a significant geopolitical event that reflects a shift in U.S. foreign policy towards regional dominance and a direct challenge to China's influence in Latin America [3][18][20]. - The U.S. military operation mirrors the 1989 invasion of Panama, indicating a historical pattern of U.S. intervention in Latin America to secure its interests, particularly in oil [3][4][32]. - Venezuela holds the largest oil reserves globally, with 304.1 billion barrels, and over 85% of its oil exports are directed to China, with 60% of transactions settled in RMB, which poses a direct challenge to U.S. economic interests [8][9][10][11]. Group 2 - The U.S. action is part of a broader strategy to reassert its influence in the Western Hemisphere, as outlined in the latest National Security Strategy, which emphasizes regional hegemony over global leadership [20][21][22]. - The operation serves multiple purposes for the U.S., including bolstering Trump's political standing ahead of midterm elections and undermining China's long-term investments in Venezuela [26][28][29]. - The potential consequences of U.S. control over Venezuela's oil resources could lead to a significant shift in global energy dynamics, potentially creating a new energy supply hub in the Western Hemisphere [32][33]. Group 3 - The international response to the U.S. intervention is uncertain, with key players like Russia potentially increasing military presence in the region, which could escalate tensions further [31][34]. - The article raises concerns about the implications for smaller nations that oppose U.S. policies, suggesting that they may face similar interventions in the future [37][39]. - The event marks a turning point in international relations, questioning the principles of law and dialogue versus the return to power politics and military intervention [42][44].

Group 1 - The conference "Qihang·2025 Financial Annual Meeting" was held in Beijing, focusing on the theme of "New Starting Point, New Momentum, New Journey," with over 100 guests and more than 500 financial institutions and listed companies in attendance [1] - Chen Wenling, Deputy Director of the Academic Committee of the China International Economic Exchange Center, discussed potential international uncertainties, including "gray rhinos" and "black swans," that may impact China's economy and the global economy during the 2026 and "15th Five-Year" period [1] Group 2 - Seven major international risks were highlighted by Chen Wenling, including risks from economic bubbles in certain countries, significant adjustments in the global monetary system, uncertainties in China-U.S. relations, geopolitical tensions, structural changes in the global energy landscape, risks in the Japanese economy, and risks from extreme weather and public health events [3] - Specific risks related to the global monetary system adjustment were discussed, including potential over-tightening or over-easing by the Federal Reserve, the rapid expansion of virtual currencies, the accumulation of bubbles in the U.S. stock market, and the potential risks from financial derivatives [3] - The global trend of de-dollarization is noted, with 159 countries entering this wave, and the U.S. introducing stablecoins linked to the dollar to counteract this trend, indicating significant adjustments and changes in the international monetary system [3]

Core Viewpoint - The next financial crisis may be triggered by inflation, particularly due to fluctuating tariff policies, which could lead to significant market downturns if inflation rates remain high [1][12]. Group 1: Inflation and Economic Policies - Tariffs are likely to cause inflation, and if inflation persists, the Federal Reserve may struggle to decide between raising or lowering interest rates, leading to a collapse in bond prices and a significant drop in the stock market [1][12]. - The year 2025 is expected to be tumultuous, with frequent changes in tariff policies and significant uncertainty in the financial markets, despite a strong market performance overall [3][4]. Group 2: Market Reactions and Asset Management - Despite various global risks, including geopolitical tensions and climate change, financial markets have remained robust, supported by factors such as optimism, Federal Reserve backing, and tax cuts [4]. - Investors may consider holding cash or other assets that are less sensitive to economic fluctuations as a buffer against unpredictable events [2][16]. Group 3: Gold and Currency Dynamics - The rise in gold prices is largely driven by central banks diversifying their reserves away from the dollar, indicating a potential shift in global currency reliance [5][6]. - The dollar may continue to depreciate, and there is speculation about the emergence of a multi-currency system, with currencies like the yuan or euro potentially gaining prominence [6]. Group 4: Climate Change and Regulatory Impact - The U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement and subsequent deregulation efforts are seen as attempts to diminish the visibility of climate issues, which could have long-term implications for environmental policies and market stability [7]. Group 5: Systemic Risks and Financial Stability - Current assessments indicate that while systemic risks in the banking sector appear manageable, ongoing monitoring is essential, particularly regarding climate-related risks [8]. - The volatility of AI stocks raises concerns about potential bubbles, but the overall impact on the market may not mirror past crises like the internet bubble [9][10]. Group 6: Future Outlook and Political Influence - The upcoming midterm elections in the U.S. are expected to introduce market volatility as investors speculate on potential shifts in political power and their economic implications [18]. - The uncertainty surrounding current U.S. policies, particularly those affecting immigration and scientific research, poses risks to innovation and economic growth [18].

Core Viewpoint - Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEX) experienced a significant drop of over 4% in its stock price, attributed to increased market volatility caused by a "grey rhino" event, with expectations for its upcoming Q3 earnings report [1] Group 1: Market Conditions - HKEX's stock fell by 4.68%, trading at 423.8 HKD with a transaction volume of 36.23 billion HKD [1] - Huatai Securities reported that the "grey rhino" event has heightened market volatility, indicating that short-term capital and sentiment still have room for release, suggesting a phased approach to "TACO" trading [1] - Galaxy Securities noted that escalating US-China trade tensions have led to a decline in investor risk appetite, resulting in a valuation correction for Hong Kong stocks [1] Group 2: Future Outlook - UBS forecasts that HKEX will report a 43% year-on-year increase in quarterly revenue and a 53% rise in net profit, reaching 7.7 billion HKD and 4.8 billion HKD respectively, setting new records [1] - UBS's projections exceed market expectations by 8% and 11%, respectively, and have adjusted the average daily transaction volume forecasts for 2025 to 2027 upwards by 9% to 16% [1] - The target price for HKEX has been set at 485 HKD, with a "neutral" rating, reflecting adjustments in earnings per share forecasts upwards by 7% to 12% [1]

Core Viewpoint - Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX) shares fell over 4%, currently trading at 423.8 HKD with a transaction volume of 3.623 billion HKD, reflecting increased market volatility due to "gray rhino" events and escalating US-China trade tensions [1] Group 1: Market Analysis - Huatai Securities reported that market volatility has increased due to "gray rhino" events, indicating that short-term funds and sentiment still have room for release, suggesting a phased approach to "TACO" trading [1] - Galaxy Securities noted that the escalation of US-China trade tensions has led to a decrease in investor risk appetite, resulting in a valuation correction for Hong Kong stocks. However, domestic growth stabilization policies and medium to long-term measures to support the stock market are expected to gradually stabilize investor sentiment [1] - Overall, Hong Kong stock valuations are currently at a historically high level, with expectations of wide fluctuations in the market in the future [1] Group 2: Earnings Forecast - UBS forecasts that HKEX will announce its third-quarter results next month, predicting a year-on-year revenue and net profit growth of 43% and 53%, respectively, reaching 7.7 billion HKD and 4.8 billion HKD, setting new records [1] - UBS's forecasts are 8% and 11% higher than the general market expectations [1] - Due to market sentiment and increased participation from southbound funds, UBS has raised its average daily transaction volume forecasts for 2025 to 2027 by 9% to 16%, and adjusted its earnings per share forecast for HKEX upward by 7% to 12%, maintaining a target price of 485 HKD with a "neutral" rating [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that the recent escalation of global trade tensions is not a "black swan" event but rather a "gray rhino" event, indicating a high probability risk that has been underestimated [2][6] - The U.S. economy has shown signs of weakness recently, and a resurgence of trade disputes could exacerbate inflation and impact the Federal Reserve's monetary policy [2][6] - The current political landscape in the U.S. suggests that trade tensions are likely to reignite, especially as the midterm elections approach [1][4] Group 2 - The article highlights that the U.S. administration's economic policies have primarily focused on tax cuts and fiscal subsidies, with limited success in reversing trade deficits or boosting manufacturing jobs [3][4] - The dynamics of global trade are shifting, with major trading partners, including China, taking more initiative in setting agendas, leading to a more complex economic landscape [5][6] - The article emphasizes that the previous perception of resolved trade issues was misleading, and the market may not easily dismiss the current tensions as it did in the past [6][4]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of rejecting linear extrapolation in understanding the complexities of Trump's political maneuvers, suggesting that while his path to achieving goals is dynamic, the underlying demands remain static, leading to potential chaos [1][3]. Group 1: Economic Implications - The passage of the OBBB Act reflects Trump's stronger control over domestic affairs and may lead to a resurgence in his foreign policy assertiveness, increasing the risk of backlash from TACO [3][4]. - The U.S. economy may face three significant "gray rhino events" in the second half of 2025: a clear trend towards fiscal contraction post-OBBB Act, a more pragmatic and aggressive approach to tariffs and international relations, and confusion stemming from differing monetary policy stances between the old and new Federal Reserve chairs [4][5]. Group 2: Fiscal Policy - Following the implementation of the OBBB Act, the U.S. fiscal landscape is expected to shift towards more contractionary measures, with a pressing need for budget cuts due to rising deficit pressures [5][11]. - Trump's approach to budget cuts is notably aggressive, particularly in reducing SNAP benefits, which may impact traditional red states and politically sensitive swing states [5][11]. Group 3: Trade and International Relations - Trump's renewed focus on tariffs and international relations is characterized as more aggressive and pragmatic, necessitating non-U.S. economies to reassess their negotiation strategies [11][12]. - The tariff structure for various countries under the "Liberation Day" initiative indicates a significant shift in trade dynamics, with countries like Japan and South Korea being primary targets for tariff adjustments [12][13]. Group 4: Federal Reserve Dynamics - The ongoing conflict between the old and new Federal Reserve chairs is likely to create market confusion, with the potential for the "shadow Fed chair" to gain market influence [14][15]. - The political implications of the Federal Reserve's actions are expected to intertwine with economic conditions, particularly as the new chair's stance may diverge significantly from the current chair's policies [17][19].

Report Summary 1. Core View - In H2 2025, there are three "gray rhino events" in the United States: the U.S. fiscal policy will focus on spending cuts after the implementation of the Big Beautiful Act; the backlash risk of TACO is increasing due to Trump's more "pragmatic and radical" approach to foreign tariffs and international relations; the difference in the attitude towards interest rate cuts between the new and old Federal Reserve chairmen may cause chaos, and the shadow Fed chairman may gain "market dominance" [2][5]. 2. Summary by Section Fiscal Policy - More Focus on Spending Cuts - After the implementation of the Big Beautiful Act, the new fiscal increment in the United States is limited, and future fiscal spending will be more inclined to make cuts. The demand for fiscal contraction will become more urgent, and the U.S. may enter a stage of spending - cut atmosphere, including exploring new spending - cut spaces and more "effective and pre - emptive" actions [8]. - Trump does not use the OBBB Act as a political tool in SNAP welfare cuts, being more radical in traditional red states and swing states with higher political costs. The "legacy" of DOGE 1.0, such as the U.S. State Department's lay - off plan and asset disposal of federal agency buildings, is still having an impact. The OBBB Act is more about "tax cuts" rather than direct "transfer payments", and its stimulus effect will be further discounted if the economy weakens [8][11]. International Relations - Increased TACO Backlash Risk - After the OBBB Act was passed in Congress on July 4th, Trump will turn to issues related to the U.S.'s long - term international competitiveness, such as tariffs and military protection fees. He will be more "radical and pragmatic" in foreign relations, and every non - U.S. economy needs to re - evaluate its negotiation chips. Hard power, such as China's advantage in the supply of strategic resources like rare earths and metal minerals, is more important, while the bargaining power of soft power is declining [16]. - The TACO backlash risk is increasing, with more "Liberation Days", more frequent "TACO" events, and greater market volatility. Trump's actions in international affairs may be restricted by the political views of other countries' voters, and the U.S. political system may also become an obstacle for him. The fragility of TACO should be emphasized [16][18]. Monetary Policy - Conflict between New and Old Fed Chairmen - As Powell will step down as Fed chairman in May 2026, if he also resigns as a governor, at least four out of seven Fed governors may support Trump's monetary policy stance. The difference in the statements of the new and old Fed chairmen on monetary policy will be magnified, and the impact on the U.S. may be more severe than Liberation Day 1.0, potentially leading to a stock - bond - exchange triple - kill and spill - over effects [19]. - The Fed's decisions are difficult to be decoupled from politics, especially the interest rate cut decision. The new and old Fed chairmen have different stances. After the debt ceiling is resolved, the TGA account needs to be replenished with about $500 billion through short - term debt issuance, which will increase the demand for Fed interest rate cuts. The short - term interest rate cut path is complex, and in the medium term, fiscal dominance based on Trump's will may become a regular disturbance [19][21][25].