Core Viewpoint - The article presents a systematic assessment of the equilibrium exchange rate of the Renminbi (RMB) from 2010 to 2025 using a dynamic equilibrium measurement model (TVP-BEER), indicating that the RMB maintains inherent stability driven by economic fundamentals despite global financial fluctuations [1]. Summary by Sections RMB Equilibrium Exchange Rate Model Selection - The research identifies four main paths for equilibrium exchange rate studies, including the price benchmark method (PPP), fundamental equilibrium exchange rate (FEER), natural real exchange rate (NATREX), and the BEER method, each with its advantages and limitations [2][3][4]. Introduction of Time-Varying Parameters - The article emphasizes the selection of the BEER framework for estimating the RMB equilibrium exchange rate due to its empirical operability and explanatory power, while introducing time-varying parameters to better reflect the dynamic nature of economic conditions [4]. RMB Effective Exchange Rate Trends - The RMB's real effective exchange rate (REER) has shown phase characteristics over the past 15 years, with significant appreciation driven by productivity differences and improved trade conditions before 2010, followed by stability despite external shocks [7][8]. Comparison of Static and Dynamic Models - The static BEER model captures long-term trends but struggles during structural shifts and external shocks, while the TVP-BEER model provides a more accurate equilibrium estimate, maintaining a deviation of less than 0.5% from actual values during turbulent periods [8][11]. Factors Influencing RMB Equilibrium - The static BEER model indicates significant positive effects from productivity differences and trade conditions on the RMB equilibrium level, while net foreign assets and fiscal spending show negative coefficients, reflecting market concerns about potential risks [13]. Future Outlook for RMB - The RMB is expected to maintain a stable trajectory, supported by ongoing economic structural transformation, consumption upgrades, and steady progress in RMB internationalization, with limited risks of significant deviation from equilibrium [15][18].

Core Insights - The article highlights the disparity between China's GDP growth and the perception of its economic standing compared to the US and Vietnam, emphasizing that the narrative of a widening gap is misleading [1][3]. Economic Growth Projections - China's GDP is projected to exceed 140 trillion yuan by 2025, representing an increase of over 10 trillion yuan from 2023, equivalent to recreating the economic scale of Shandong Province [3]. - The GDP gap between China and the US is expected to widen, with specific dollar figures indicating an increase in disparity over the year [3]. Currency and Inflation Impact - Exchange rate fluctuations significantly affect the dollar value of China's GDP, with a depreciation of the yuan leading to a reduction of approximately 160 billion USD in GDP value when converted to dollars [3]. - The difference in inflation rates distorts the perception of economic growth, with China's low inflation resulting in a lower nominal GDP growth compared to the US, which experiences higher inflation rates [5]. Vietnam's Economic Performance - Vietnam's GDP growth rate reached impressive figures in 2023, but its overall GDP remains significantly smaller than China's, with projections indicating that Vietnam's annual GDP is only a fraction of China's [6]. - Vietnam's economy is heavily reliant on the US market, making it vulnerable to changes in US policy, contrasting with China's more diversified economic structure [6]. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Perspective - The article argues that GDP figures based on purchasing power parity (PPP) provide a more accurate reflection of economic strength, with China surpassing the US in PPP terms since a certain year and maintaining a growing lead [7][9]. - In 2023, China's PPP GDP reached a significant figure, further illustrating its economic capabilities compared to the US [9]. Structural Economic Strength - China's manufacturing sector contributes a substantial percentage to global output, with a diverse range of industries, indicating a solid foundation for economic growth rather than short-term gains [11]. - The country is transitioning from manufacturing to innovation, with significant investments in research and development, showcasing its technological advancement [11]. Employment and Social Welfare - China has been creating millions of new jobs annually, with healthcare coverage expanding, reflecting genuine improvements in living standards rather than superficial economic growth [11]. Comparison with the US - The US experienced a decline in GDP in the first quarter, relying on inflation for growth, which raises concerns about the sustainability of its economic model [13]. - The article concludes that while short-term perceptions may suggest a widening gap, China's long-term economic resilience and competitiveness are expected to strengthen [13].

几周之前曾被热议的中国资产重估逻辑，还继续有效吗？ 制图 丨 黄帧昕 编辑 丨 王姗姗 4 月 2 日特朗普签署所谓 "对等关税" 行政令，宣布 美国对所有贸易伙伴加征 10% 的 "最低基准关 税"， 并对部分贸易伙伴征收更高关税，其中给中国的 "对等关税" 税率达到 34%。此后连续三个交易 日（至 4 月 7 日），全球金融市场暴跌，美国股市蒸发了超过 6 万亿美元。港股则在 4 月 7 日抹平了 开年以来所有涨幅，上证指数创下 8 年来最大单日跌幅。 本周，中美关税争端还在继续升级。4 月 8 日，美国针对中国政府的坚决反制，报复性地宣布对中国 输美商品征收 "对等关税" 的税率由 34 % 提高至 84 %。 中国并不示弱，4 月 9 日反制进一步升级 ——对美加征关税税率由 34 % 提高至 84 %。 "这是一个史诗般的经济和市场事件。" 美国著名基金经理比尔·格罗斯（Bill Gross）在上周表示，本 轮美国关税政策调整的影响，形同 1971 年和金本位制的终结但会带来直接的负面后果，因此他呼吁 投资者不应该试图 "接下落的刀"。 反映市场波动率的芝加哥期权交易所 VIX 指数，也被称为 " ...