证券研究报告 | 2025年9月25日 水牛还是价格修复？ 专题报告· 宏观经济 国信宏观 | 证券分析师：邵兴宇 | 证券分析师：田地 | 证券分析师：董德志 | | --- | --- | --- | | 010-88005483 | 0755-81982035 | 021-60933158 | | shaoxingyu@guosen.com.cn | tiandi2@guosen.com.cn | dongdz@guosen.com.cn | | S0980523070001 | S0980524090003 | S0980513100001 | 请务必阅读正文之后的免责声明及其项下所有内容 核心结论 1、（1）从资产相关性视角来看，权益资产上行核心驱动并非来自于宏观流动性过剩。（2） 从微观视角来看，本轮权益资产上行到目前为止并未引发场外资金大规模入场，而主要以 场内资金腾挪和加杠杆完成。 2、（1）市场自"反内卷"以来主导国内资本市场走势的核心因子是风险偏好回升。（2）从 三个角度看，四季度价格可能延续边际企稳：一是内外需定价品种存在显著分化；二是反 内卷逐步实施，对内需部分产生托底作用；三是诸如M ...

Group 1: Liquidity Analysis - The recent performance of the Hong Kong stock market has been negatively impacted by a stable US dollar index, leading to limited liquidity improvements [3][7] - The anticipated interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve in September are expected to significantly enhance liquidity in the Hong Kong market, potentially benefiting emerging markets [25][27] - A comparison shows that the A-share market has seen a more substantial influx of funds, particularly with a rapid increase in margin financing [17][19] Group 2: Industry Structure - The proportion of "hard technology" companies in the Hong Kong stock market is lower compared to the A-share market, with significant representation from banking and consumer sectors [8][27] - The upcoming IPOs in Hong Kong are expected to increase the representation of "hard technology" companies, which could positively influence the overall market index [34][36] - The performance of the Hong Kong market has been constrained by the lower weight of high-growth sectors such as semiconductors and electric equipment [30][31] Group 3: Investment Opportunities - Key areas of focus for future investment in the Hong Kong market include AI applications, non-ferrous metals, innovative pharmaceuticals, and supply-side adjustments [9][36] - The AI sector is highlighted as a significant growth area, with potential for substantial market performance if downstream AI products achieve commercial success [37][39] - The non-ferrous metals sector, particularly gold, is expected to perform well during the Fed's rate-cutting cycle, historically showing positive trends during such periods [40][41] - The innovative pharmaceutical sector is experiencing a surge in outbound business development transactions, indicating growing international recognition of Chinese innovations [45][46] - Supply-side adjustments are anticipated in industries with improving demand and prolonged supply-side clearing, which may lead to a recovery in these sectors [49]

Group 1: Price Trends - Current consumer price structure shows significant divergence between service prices and consumer goods prices, with service prices increasing by 0.6% year-on-year in August, while consumer goods prices fell to -1.0%[5] - Core CPI has risen for four consecutive months, reaching 0.9%, contrasting with the overall CPI which has dropped back into negative growth territory[5] - The decline in overall CPI is primarily driven by temporary factors, with 60% of the downward pressure on consumer goods prices attributed to weather and 30% to the pig cycle[14] Group 2: PPI Analysis - PPI has shown improvement, particularly in upstream and midstream sectors, with the PPI for production materials seeing a year-on-year decline narrowing by 1.1 percentage points in August[23] - Upstream raw material prices have improved significantly, with a year-on-year decline narrowing by 3.1 percentage points, while downstream manufacturing and consumption prices remain relatively weak[23] - The overall recovery in PPI is characterized by a strong performance in upstream sectors and a weaker performance in downstream sectors, indicating an "up strong, down weak" trend across the industry[23] Group 3: Future Outlook - Despite recent negative CPI readings, there is an expectation for CPI to rebound within the year, supported by signs of core inflation recovery and steady service price increases[12] - The report highlights that the downward pressure on consumer goods prices is largely temporary, suggesting a potential for recovery in the latter part of the year[12] - Risks to this outlook include geopolitical tensions and unexpected increases in international oil prices[29]

Group 1 - The A-share market is expected to see a rotation between growth and balanced styles in September [5] - Recent market adjustments are primarily due to profit-taking pressures, but a significant rebound was observed on September 5 [5] - The current market valuation is at a historically relatively high level, leading to increased market speculation [5] Group 2 - Citic Securities focuses on structural opportunities in consumer electronics, resources, innovative pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and gaming [1][2] - The market is entering a phase of active public fund redemption, with core assets expected to rise as pressure from redemptions is gradually digested [1] - The attractiveness of RMB assets is continuously increasing as China's manufacturing sector gains pricing power and profit margins are expected to recover in the long term [2] Group 3 - Guojin Securities highlights that the basic fundamentals are stabilizing, with opportunities emerging in physical assets like non-ferrous metals and capital goods due to domestic improvements and overseas monetary easing [3] - There are emerging opportunities in domestic demand-related sectors such as food and beverage, tourism, and insurance as capital returns are expected to recover [3] Group 4 - Kaiyuan Securities maintains an optimistic long-term outlook for the index, emphasizing a dual-driven market with technology leading the way [4] - The market structure is characterized by strong growth in technology sectors and cyclical recovery driven by anti-involution trends [4] - Investors are encouraged to focus on growth sectors while also considering lower-priced varieties in gaming, media, and the Huawei supply chain [4]

Core Viewpoint - The overall performance of A-shares in the first half of the year shows slight improvement, with net profit growth slowing down compared to the previous quarter [1][3]. Group 1: Financial Performance - The total net profit of the Wind All A Index reached 3.21 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth rate of 2.96%, down 0.51 percentage points from the previous quarter [1]. - Excluding the financial and oil & petrochemical sectors, the net profit was 1.64 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth rate of 3.66%, a decrease of 1.61 percentage points from the previous quarter [1]. - The return on equity (ROE) for the Wind All A Index was 7.73% in the first half, slightly down from 7.75% in the previous quarter [1]. Group 2: Sector Performance - The agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, steel, building materials, non-ferrous metals, and electronics sectors had net profit growth rates exceeding 30%, although all showed a slowdown compared to the first quarter [2]. - The power equipment and defense industries improved their net profit growth rates compared to the first quarter, while coal, light manufacturing, retail, and oil & petrochemical sectors saw declines exceeding 10% [2]. - The ROE for food and beverage, home appliances, agriculture, non-ferrous metals, and non-bank financial sectors exceeded 10%, indicating strong performance among blue-chip stocks [2]. Group 3: Market Outlook - The low profit base from the same period last year, along with ongoing policy efforts to eliminate outdated capacity and curb disorderly competition, is expected to lead to marginal recovery in PPI and further slight improvement in A-share profitability [3]. - The market index performance is primarily driven by valuation expansion rather than significant profit improvement, with expectations of gradual bottoming out of A-share profits and a positive economic outlook enhancing market dynamics in the second half [3].

Group 1 - The report highlights that the current market rally is characterized by a disconnect between index performance and underlying earnings recovery, suggesting that the rally is more driven by liquidity and thematic trading rather than fundamental improvements [1][34]. - The report introduces the securitization rate (the ratio of total market capitalization to GDP) as a useful tool for identifying valuation peaks in index bull markets, indicating that a higher securitization rate typically reflects liquidity-driven market conditions [2][23]. - Historical data shows that during significant index bull markets, the securitization rate has risen above 1, with current levels at 0.83 suggesting potential for further valuation upside [2][26]. Group 2 - The report anticipates that the total market capitalization of the two exchanges will continue to expand, driven by expected recovery in producer price index (PPI) and supportive liquidity and policy expectations [3][35]. - The analysis indicates that the current market environment aligns with characteristics of an index bull market, despite concerns about the inability to surpass previous valuation peaks [33][34]. - The report emphasizes the importance of monitoring the securitization rate as it approaches 1, which could signal a critical valuation threshold for the market [3][35]. Group 3 - The investment strategy proposed includes a "4+1" sector allocation approach, focusing on technology, cyclical sectors benefiting from PPI recovery, and structural opportunities in overseas markets [4][39]. - Specific sectors highlighted for investment include technology and military industries, cyclical commodities, and companies with potential for valuation recovery [4][39]. - The report suggests maintaining a stable core allocation in dividend-paying stocks and gold, indicating a balanced approach to investment amidst market fluctuations [4][39].

Group 1 - The report emphasizes a positive market outlook with a "dual-driven" strategy, highlighting the importance of technology and the recovery of PPI as key growth drivers [1][10][11] - The A-share market is characterized by significant "incremental market" features, with increased trading volume and active capital flow, indicating a robust market environment [1][14][16] - The report identifies liquid cooling as a promising sector, expected to exhibit strong growth and favorable risk-reward characteristics, positioning it as the next significant opportunity after optical modules and PCBs [1][10][12] Group 2 - The report analyzes the current enthusiasm in popular sectors, noting that financial technology and ground weaponry are relatively crowded, while AI computing chains remain less crowded [2][18][19] - From a valuation perspective, sectors such as AI applications, robotics, aerospace equipment, PCBs, and photolithography machines are identified as having relatively high valuations, while insurance, smart driving, non-ferrous metals, liquor, and photovoltaics are seen as undervalued [2][23][25][26] Group 3 - The report outlines the current industry outlook, indicating that electronics and basic chemicals are entering a favorable phase, while sectors like comprehensive and steel are exiting [3][30][31] - Specific secondary industries expected to perform well include apparel and home textiles, consumer electronics, chemical products, and non-liquor sectors [3][30][31] Group 4 - The report provides configuration recommendations focusing on technology, military, anti-involution, PPI recovery, and stable dividends, suggesting a diversified approach to investment [4][32][33] - Key sectors for investment include liquid cooling, robotics, gaming, AI applications, and military technologies, alongside cyclical sectors benefiting from PPI improvements [4][33]

Group 1 - The report emphasizes a "dual-driven" structure in the market, highlighting the importance of maintaining a "bull market mindset" while adopting a cautious trading approach in a "slowly rising oscillating market" [1][11] - The report identifies two main driving forces: the growth categories supported by global technology collaboration and the cyclical recovery driven by "anti-involution" policies [1][11] - The report notes that the current market is experiencing a healthy influx of incremental capital, with margin financing balances reaching a new high since 2016, indicating positive market sentiment [1][14][15] Group 2 - The TMT sector is highlighted as a key area for investment, driven by a "fan effect" that attracts institutional capital, with significant increases in holdings in telecommunications and information technology sectors [2][20][22] - The semiconductor cycle is expected to enter an upward phase, supported by AI demand and recovery in related sectors, with a focus on the potential for structural gains in the industry [2][28][29] - The report suggests that the TMT sector will likely experience "cohesive upward movement" rather than a zero-sum game, with strong fundamentals supporting continued investment [2][24][25] Group 3 - The report discusses the "anti-involution" policies that are expected to lead to a recovery in the Producer Price Index (PPI), with signs of marginal improvement in PPI despite current low levels [3][36][39] - It highlights the structural divergence between the CRB index and PPI, indicating a potential for price recovery driven by supply-side adjustments and demand-side policy support [3][40][41] - The report anticipates that the recovery in PPI will extend to cyclical consumer assets, providing support for the overall market index [3][44][45] Group 4 - The report provides specific investment recommendations, suggesting a diversified approach that includes technology, military, cyclical recovery, and stable dividend stocks [4][59] - It emphasizes the importance of focusing on sectors with strong growth potential, such as AI, robotics, and semiconductors, while also considering cyclical sectors that may benefit from PPI recovery [4][59] - The report encourages investors to look for structural opportunities in international trade and stable dividend-paying assets as part of a balanced investment strategy [4][59]

Group 1 - The market has experienced a slight pause after five consecutive weeks of growth, with new capital's marginal profit effect weakening. The financing balance growth rate in the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets is slowing down, indicating a neutral oscillation range of 7%-10% [2][12][13] - The report emphasizes that the current market structure is increasingly clear, driven by two main lines: the "anti-involution" leading to a cyclical and pro-cyclical trading PPI recovery, and the strong elasticity provided by global technology collaboration [2][12][58] Group 2 - The report identifies that despite the current low PPI levels, there is potential for marginal improvement due to a loose liquidity environment, which may accelerate valuation recovery. This is supported by two signals: the credit transmission providing leading signals for PPI recovery and the structural divergence between CRB and PPI [3][14][17] - The "anti-involution" policy has catalyzed a shift towards PPI trading, with core assets in cyclical consumption likely to experience valuation recovery, thus supporting the index [3][21][25] Group 3 - The TMT sector is highlighted as a core area for institutional long-term allocation, driven by a "fan effect" that attracts consensus among funds. The sector has shown significant trading activity, particularly in the communication sub-sector, which has gained traction as other sectors have seen a decline in trading volume [4][37][38] - The semiconductor industry is entering an upward phase, with conditions for transitioning from "expectation recovery" to "economic verification" being met. The report notes that the current semiconductor cycle is characterized by strong demand driven by AI and high-performance computing needs [4][47][49] Group 4 - The report suggests a strategic allocation in the current market environment, recommending a focus on technology, military, anti-involution, PPI diffusion directions, and stable dividends. Specific sectors include AI, robotics, semiconductors, and cyclical sectors like insurance and real estate, which are expected to benefit from PPI recovery [5][58]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint indicates that leading chemical companies such as Wanhua, Satellite, Hualu, Hengli, and Rongsheng have collectively surged, driven by a historical correlation where the chemical index outperforms during PPI recovery cycles [1] - The elimination of backward production capacity aligns well with the characteristics of the chemical ETF, which tracks a leader-focused index, benefiting from the capital expenditures of leading companies in recent years [1] - As of July 30, 2025, the CSI Sub-Industry Chemical Theme Index (000813) rose by 1.80%, with significant gains from constituent stocks like Satellite Chemical (up 6.83%) and Wanhua Chemical (up 4.71%) [1] Group 2 - As of June 30, 2025, the top ten weighted stocks in the CSI Sub-Industry Chemical Theme Index (000813) include Wanhua Chemical, Yilake Co., and Juhua Co., collectively accounting for 43.37% of the index [2] - The Chemical ETF (159870) closely tracks the CSI Sub-Industry Chemical Theme Index, which consists of seven sub-indices reflecting the overall performance of listed companies in related sub-industries [1][2]