钢铁、水泥和铝冶炼3个行业被纳入全国碳市场，三者都是高碳排产业，但排放源有所不同。钢铁和水 泥行业的碳排放主要来自生产制程（制造业中的一系列生产流程和环节），而铝冶炼行业的碳排放主要 来自电力使用。因此，铝冶炼的脱碳关键在于电力绿化，包括以绿电投资来推动绿电的开发和使用。 铝产业链的环节有铝矿开采、氧化铝生成、电解制铝、铝材加工等，其中电解环节的碳排放最多，约占 总量的70%。铝冶炼采用"冰晶石—氧化铝熔盐电解"工艺，涉及以氧化铝作为电解质，以碳素材料作为 电极。这个流程在直流电作用下发生电化学反应，氧化铝与碳阳极的还原反应产生二氧化碳，在阴极析 出铝液。以全球平均数来看，每吨铝阳极氧化过程产生的直接碳排放约为两吨CO2，其余则为电力相关 的间接碳排放。 我国电解铝的用电以传统煤电为主，各家厂商的电力碳排放虽会受到当地电网及其自备电力碳强度的影 响，但行业的平均电力相关碳强度约为12吨CO2 /吨铝，其中75%来自煤电排放。因此，煤电"换绿"是我 国电解铝脱碳的关键。 然而，绿电投资的资金金额大，回报周期长，收益不确定，开发风险高，民间资本的参与意愿不足。对 此，电解铝厂商可与电力产业共同探索可行投资模式，如 ...

Report Summary 1. Industry Investment Rating No information provided. 2. Core Viewpoints - With China's electrolytic aluminum operating capacity approaching the upper limit of 45 million tons, overseas electrolytic aluminum supply has become the main variable in global supply. The report aims to analyze the operating conditions of major overseas aluminum smelting enterprises and predict the supply trend [2][4]. - Overseas electrolytic aluminum supply is highly concentrated and mainly located in regions rich in energy resources. Currently, with sufficient energy supply and an improved aluminum market, the overall overseas electrolytic aluminum operating rate is rising. However, due to the high capacity utilization rate, the production increase from capacity expansion is limited. Existing capacity increments may come from Europe, North America, Latin America, and Africa. In terms of new capacity, the Middle East, India, and Indonesia in Southeast Asia have clear and large - scale expansion plans, which are expected to be important sources of overseas electrolytic aluminum supply growth [2][34]. 3. Company - Specific Summaries 3.1 Rusal - Rusal is a leading global aluminum company, ranking third in global aluminum smelting production in 2024 with an output of nearly 4 million tons, accounting for about 5.5% of the global total [5]. - Its smelting plants are mainly in Russia (Siberia and Ural regions) and overseas. In 2024, its existing aluminum plants had an operating capacity of 42.05 million tons with a utilization rate of 95%, leaving limited room for further improvement [6][7]. - In 2024, Asia was its largest sales market, accounting for 42.9%. Due to sanctions from Europe and the United States, it sold more aluminum ingots to Asia, especially China, where its revenue from China accounted for 30.7% in 2024, up from 6.4% in 2021 [12]. 3.2 Rio Tinto - Rio Tinto is a leading global mining and metal company and one of the top ten global aluminum producers, with a complete industrial chain from bauxite mining to electrolytic aluminum smelting [14]. - Its electrolytic aluminum plants are mainly in Australia, Canada, Iceland, New Zealand, and Oman, mostly using hydropower. In 2025, its planned production is basically the same as in 2024 (equity production of about 3.3 million tons). It is also promoting the expansion of the Arvida AP60 project in Canada, which will add 160,000 tons of capacity and is planned to be put into operation in the first half of 2026 [15][16]. 3.3 Emirates Global Aluminium (EGA) - EGA is the largest aluminum company in the Middle East and one of the top ten global electrolytic aluminum producers. In 2024, it produced 2.69 million tons of electrolytic aluminum with relatively stable production [17][20]. 3.4 Vedanta Resources - Vedanta Aluminium, a subsidiary of Vedanta Resources in India, is the largest aluminum producer in India and one of the top ten global electrolytic aluminum producers. In 2024, its total output was 2.417 million tons, a 2.4% increase from 2023. In 2025 Q1, its aluminum production remained stable. It is promoting the expansion of the Balco aluminum plant (adding about 410,000 tons of capacity), planned to be put into operation in the 2025 - 2026 fiscal year, with a long - term plan to increase annual capacity to 3 million tons [21]. 3.5 Alcoa - Alcoa is a leading global aluminum company with a wide - ranging business. In 2024, its electrolytic aluminum output was about 2.215 million tons, and in Q1 2025, it was about 564,000 tons. In 2025, with the further increase in the smelting plant operating rate, it plans to produce 2.3 - 2.5 million tons of electrolytic aluminum [22][24]. 3.6 Hydro - Hydro is the largest comprehensive aluminum group in Europe and a global leader, focusing on low - carbon hydropower aluminum. In 2024, its production at various plants showed different levels of output, with the Slovalco plant in Slovakia having no electrolytic aluminum output [25][28]. 3.7 Alba - Alba is a leading global aluminum smelting enterprise. In 2024, its output was 1.622 million tons, higher than in 2023. In Q1 2025, its output was 397,000 tons, with a slight decline. It is now aiming to increase capacity by renovating old production lines and installing new electrolytic cells [29]. 3.8 Hindalco - Hindalco is a comprehensive aluminum company in India and one of the lowest - cost aluminum producers globally. In 2024, it produced 1.327 million tons of electrolytic aluminum. It announced an investment plan in the 2024 fiscal year general meeting to expand its aluminum and copper smelting capacity, including expanding the Aditya aluminum smelting capacity by about 200,000 tons [30]. 3.9 South32 - South32 is a global mining and metal enterprise. Its electrolytic aluminum business is mainly in Brazil, South Africa, and Mozambique. In 2024, its production at different plants varied, with the Alumar plant in Brazil having an output of 118,000 tons (40% stake), the Hillside plant in South Africa having an output of 723,000 tons, and the Mozal plant in Mozambique having an output of 326,000 tons (63.7% stake) [31]. 3.10 Press Metal - Press Metal is the largest integrated aluminum producer in Southeast Asia. Its aluminum smelting plants are in Malaysia, with an annual capacity of about 1.08 million tons, all powered by hydropower, making it an important provider of low - carbon aluminum [32].

美国白宫称，阿联酋全球铝业将投资40亿美元于俄克拉荷马州开发原铝冶炼项目。 ...

党的二十届三中全会提出，深化生态文明体制改革，健全绿色低碳发展机制，积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中 和。为此我国稳步完善碳市场交易制度，加快构建全国碳排放权交易市场。截至2024年，全国碳排放权 交易市场涵盖发电行业重点排放单位2257家，年覆盖二氧化碳排放量约51亿吨，占全国总量比重约 40%。 加强多政策有机融合，推进电碳市场协同建设。以碳排放权交易体系为主体，综合可再生能源消纳责任 权重、绿色电力消费比例、中国核证自愿减排量（CCER）等政策机制，形成政策组合合力，推动电碳 市场协同建设。推动碳排放权、绿电、绿证、CCER等环境权益的市场联通与价格联动，拓展企业环境 权益获取渠道，完善碳定价机制，实现碳、电、绿证价格联动传导，形成"生产过程低碳化+能源消费 清洁化"的双轮驱动减排模式。 （作者单位：华北电力大学） 细化碳配额分配方案，确保配额政策分阶段平稳有序过渡。《方案》结合国家温室气体排放控制目标， 基于强度控制的思路分阶段制定钢铁、水泥、铝冶炼企业的碳排放配额总量和分配方案。将2024年度的 配额量设置为经核查的实际排放量，企业无需支付履约成本；基于碳排放强度确定2025年度和2026年度 配额量，将企业 ...

5月10日，国家统计局发布数据显示，4月份，居民消费价格指数（CPI）环比上涨0.1%，同比下降 0.1%。工业生产者出厂价格指数（PPI）环比下降0.4%，同比下降2.7%。 4月份CPI环比由降转涨，同比降幅与上月相同，核心CPI涨幅稳定，PPI环比降幅与上月相同，部分工 业行业价格同比继续呈现稳中向好走势。中国人民银行最新发布《2025年第一季度中国货币政策执行报 告》认为，随着扩大内需政策落地显效，市场需求加快释放，将更好支撑物价水平温和回升。 食品、出行服务表现好于季节性 4月份，CPI环比上涨0.1%。其中，食品价格上涨0.2%，非食品价格上涨0.1%；消费品价格持平，服务 价格上涨0.3%。 国家统计局城市司首席统计师董莉娟表示，从环比看，CPI由降转涨，涨幅高于季节性水平0.2个百分 点，主要是食品、出行服务回升带动。 4月份，我国促消费等宏观政策加力扩围，高技术产业加快成长等带动的部分工业品出厂价格回暖的现 象持续。 一方面，各地基建施工稳步推进、水泥企业错峰生产执行良好，黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业、非金属矿 物制品业价格同比降幅比上月分别收窄1.4个和1.0个百分点。促消费和设备更新等政策继 ...

5月10日，国家统计局发布数据显示，4月份，居民消费价格指数（CPI）环比上涨0.1%，同比下降0.1%。工业生产者出厂价格指数（PPI）环比下降0.4%，同比 下降2.7%。 4月份CPI环比由降转涨，同比降幅与上月相同，核心CPI涨幅稳定，PPI环比降幅与上月相同，部分工业行业价格同比继续呈现稳中向好走势。中国人民银行最新发 布《2025年第一季度中国货币政策执行报告》认为，随着扩大内需政策落地显效，市场需求加快释放，将更好支撑物价水平温和回升。 食品、出行服务表现好于季节性 4月份，CPI环比上涨0.1%。其中，食品价格上涨0.2%，非食品价格上涨0.1%；消费品价格持平，服务价格上涨0.3%。 国家统计局城市司首席统计师董莉娟表示，从环比看，CPI由降转涨，涨幅高于季节性水平0.2个百分点，主要是食品、出行服务回升带动。 食品价格的带动包括部分地区进入海洋休渔期，海水鱼价格上涨；新果上市初期供给季节性减少，薯类和鲜果价格上涨等情况，也包括受进口量减少等因素影响， 牛肉价格上涨等情况。此外，鲜菜和猪肉价格降幅小于季节性有一定影响。 同时，4月份，受需求回暖及假日因素共同影响，出行服务价格回升明显。飞机票 ...

Group 1 - After the Labor Day holiday, Shanghai aluminum futures continued to decline, with the main contract dropping to a low of 19,300 yuan/ton, driven by market uncertainty and expectations of weaker future demand [1] - Analysts indicate that the bearish sentiment in the market is partly due to the transition from the peak consumption season to a period of lower demand, as well as the impact of U.S. tariff policies on exports [1][3] - The supply of electrolytic aluminum remains at historically high levels, while downstream processing rates have begun to decline, leading to an accumulation of nearly 40,000 tons of aluminum ingot and aluminum rod inventory during the holiday [1][3] Group 2 - The average cost of electrolytic aluminum is around 16,500 yuan/ton, influenced by a significant drop in alumina prices, which may exert further downward pressure on aluminum prices amid weakening consumption expectations [3][5] - The macroeconomic environment, including potential monetary easing and the easing of U.S.-China trade tensions, could provide some support for aluminum prices, although concerns about the negative impact of tariffs on global demand persist [4][5] - The market is closely monitoring the performance of inventory and the spot market, as well as the upstream alumina prices, to gauge future trends in aluminum pricing [5]

《洞见ESG》4月刊 ESG强制信披倒计时 政策速递 证监会发文规范A股ESG信披，这458家上市公司须做好准备 近日，证监会发布修订后的《上市公司信息披露管理办法》，第六十五条明确提出"上市公司按照证券 交易所的规定发布可持续发展报告"。该《信披办法》于2025年7月1日起正式施行。 【点击查看详 情】 铝冶炼纳入碳市场有何影响？2026年碳配额缺口或达34万吨，企业需尽快降低碳成本 铝冶炼纳入碳市场的管控范围与电力行业有所不同。电力行业只管控化石燃料燃烧排放，而新纳入的 铝冶炼行业，除了化石燃料燃烧排放，工业过程排放也纳入管控。 【点击查看详情】 1200家水泥企业将纳入全国碳市场，如何减碳？ 按照单吨水泥碳排放550kg计算，近十年我国水泥工业每年碳排放在11亿吨以上。纳入全国碳市场的水 泥企业或达1200家，目前企业减排压力不大，但预计三到五年内碳配额将收紧，减排成本将上升。 【点击查看详情】 全国碳市场首次扩围：纳入钢铁、水泥、铝冶炼行业，新增1500家重点排放单位 生态环境部发布《全国碳排放权交易市场覆盖钢铁、水泥、铝冶炼行业工作方案》。此次扩围后，预 计全国碳排放权交易市场重点排放单位将达到37 ...

2025 年 4 月 28 日 关税缓解 铝价震荡回升 核心观点及策略 投资咨询业务资格 沪证监许可【2015】84 号 李婷 敬请参阅最后一页免责声明 1 / 7 铝周报 ⚫ 上周贸易战传缓和风险情绪释放。海外经济数据好 坏参半，欧美制造业PMI强于预期，但世界货币基 金组织下调全球经济增速，未来全球需求忧虑仍 存。国内政治局会议召开，会议要求强化底线思维， 备足预案，"稳就业"成为首要任务。预计二季度 将加快落实相关政策。基本面，供应端电解铝产能 大稳小动，仍以山东至云南的置换产能为主。消费 端，下游加工企业开工分化，线缆及工业型材板块 保持增速，铝合金及板带板块稳定，贸易摩擦下后 续铝箔板块或受影响下行。不过临近五一小长假， 下游备货意愿稍强，接货较好。上周铝锭社会库存 电解铝锭库存65.8万吨，较周四减少3.1万吨；国 内主流消费地铝棒库存17.78万吨，较上周四减少 3.14万吨万吨。 ⚫ 综上，市场消化关税缓和消息及过内政策利好，将 推动市场部分逢低买盘。不过还需看到美国的明确 关税新高与之相互矛盾，且经济数据好坏参半，全 球需求担忧仍存。基本面供应稳定，消费旺季尾声， 需求尚有韧性，本周正值五一 ...

在"双碳"目标的战略指引下，全国碳排放权交易市场（以下简称全国碳市场）作为推动绿色低碳发展的 核心政策工具，正迎来新一轮扩容。2025年3月，生态环境部正式印发《全国碳排放权交易市场覆盖钢 铁、水泥、铝冶炼行业工作方案》（以下简称《方案》），明确将钢铁、水泥、铝冶炼三大重点行业纳 入全国碳市场，覆盖温室气体排放量新增约30亿吨二氧化碳当量，占全国总量的比例从45%跃升至60% 以上。 此次扩容标志着我国碳市场建设从"单一行业试点"迈向"多行业协同治理"、从"夯基垒台"迈向"提质增 效"新阶段。同时，这也对全国碳市场机制的完善性、数据质量的可靠性、行业差异的包容性提出了更 高要求，既需要破除数据壁垒、优化制度设计，更需要激发市场活力、培育创新生态，以坚持"稳中求 进"的总基调，统筹发展与减排、整体与局部、短期与长期的关系，以真正发挥碳市场对绿色低碳发展 的战略支撑作用，为全球气候治理贡献中国智慧与中国方案。 选择钢铁、水泥、铝冶炼行业扩容势在必行 行业特性决定减排必要性。钢铁、水泥、铝冶炼是典型的高耗能、高排放行业，其碳排放强度显著高于 其他制造业领域。以钢铁行业为例，生产1吨粗钢平均排放约1.8吨二氧化碳（C ...