Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided. 2. Core Viewpoints - The main contract of Shanghai copper fluctuated weakly, with a decrease in trading volume and an increase in spot premium and basis. The cost - support logic for copper prices remains due to the negative TC fees of copper concentrates and tight copper ore supply. The growth rate of domestic refined copper production may slow slightly due to the decline of raw material port inventory and policy adjustments. The downstream processing enterprises are in the off - season, and they are sensitive to high - priced copper, resulting in a dull spot market. The social inventory decreased slightly and remains at a medium - low level. Overall, the fundamentals of Shanghai copper may be in a stage where supply growth slows slightly, demand is temporarily weak but the outlook is gradually improving. The option market sentiment is bullish, and the implied volatility decreased slightly. Technically, the 60 - minute MACD shows that the double lines are below the 0 - axis with a shrinking green column. The operation suggestion is to conduct short - term long trades at low prices with a light position, while paying attention to controlling the rhythm and trading risks [2]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Futures Market - The closing price of the main futures contract of Shanghai copper was 78,840 yuan/ton, down 160 yuan; the price of LME 3 - month copper was 9,770 dollars/ton, down 23 dollars. The spread between the main contract and the next - month contract was - 20 yuan/ton, down 10 yuan. The trading volume of the main contract of Shanghai copper was 173,684 lots, down 2,408 lots. The positions of the top 20 futures traders of Shanghai copper were 6,687 lots, down 1,567 lots. The LME copper inventory was 127,400 tons, down 1,075 tons. The inventory of cathode copper in the Shanghai Futures Exchange was 73,423 tons (weekly), down 11,133 tons. The warehouse receipts of cathode copper in the Shanghai Futures Exchange were 18,083 tons, down 2,856 tons [2]. 3.2现货市场 - The price of SMM 1 copper spot was 79,025 yuan/ton, down 50 yuan; the price of Yangtze River Non - ferrous Market 1 copper spot was 79,005 yuan/ton, down 140 yuan. The CIF (bill of lading) price of Shanghai electrolytic copper was 65 dollars/ton, unchanged; the average premium of Yangshan copper was 51.5 dollars/ton, unchanged. The basis of the CU main contract was 185 yuan/ton, up 110 yuan; the LME copper premium (0 - 3) was - 54.34 dollars/ton, down 0.66 dollars [2]. 3.3 Upstream Situation - The import volume of copper ore and concentrates was 234.97 million tons (monthly), down 4.58 million tons. The TC fee of domestic copper smelters was - 42.63 dollars/thousand tons (weekly), up 0.82 dollars. The price of copper concentrates in Jiangxi was 69,320 yuan/metal ton, down 150 yuan; the price of copper concentrates in Yunnan was 70,020 yuan/metal ton, down 150 yuan. The processing fee of blister copper in the south was 800 yuan/ton (weekly), unchanged; the processing fee of blister copper in the north was 750 yuan/ton (weekly), unchanged. The production of refined copper was 130.20 million tons (monthly), up 4.80 million tons. The import volume of unwrought copper and copper products was 460,000 tons (monthly), up 30,000 tons [2]. 3.4产业情况 - The social inventory of copper was 41.82 million tons (weekly), up 0.43 million tons. The price of 1 bright copper wire scrap in Shanghai was 55,340 yuan/ton, down 200 yuan; the price of 2 copper scrap (94 - 96%) in Shanghai was 67,700 yuan/ton, down 200 yuan. The ex - factory price of 98% sulfuric acid of Jiangxi Copper was 640 yuan/ton, unchanged [2]. 3.5下游及应用 - The production of copper products was 221.45 million tons (monthly), up 11.85 million tons. The cumulative completed investment in power grid infrastructure was 29.11 billion yuan (monthly), up 8.7114 billion yuan. The cumulative completed investment in real estate development was 466.5756 billion yuan (monthly), up 104.2372 billion yuan. The monthly production of integrated circuits was 4,505,785,400 pieces, up 270,785,400 pieces [2]. 3.6 Option Situation - The 20 - day historical volatility of Shanghai copper was 10.45%, down 0.66%; the 40 - day historical volatility of Shanghai copper was 10.09%, up 0.02%. The implied volatility of the current - month at - the - money IV was 11.41%, down 0.0110. The put - call ratio of at - the - money options was 1.47, down 0.0907 [2]. 3.7 Industry News - Trump may impose a unified tariff of 15% - 20% on imported goods from countries that have not negotiated a separate trade agreement with the US. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology deployed eight key tasks for the second half of the year, including formulating action plans to enhance the adaptability of consumer goods supply and demand, promoting the development and application of technologies such as AI terminals, smart wearables, and drones, and strengthening the governance of key industries such as photovoltaics. The hawkish ECB Governing Council member Kazimir said that the ECB is not in a hurry to cut borrowing costs again. The 2025 World Artificial Intelligence Conference closed, with procurement demands of over 300 projects announced and an expected intended procurement amount of 16.2 billion yuan, and 31 projects worth over 15 billion yuan were signed. Trump opened the market of the EU, which will open its 20 - trillion - dollar market, accept US automotive and industrial standards, buy 750 billion dollars of energy products from the US, invest 600 billion dollars in the US, and the US will set a 15% tariff on EU products exported to the US [2].

Report Industry Investment Rating - Copper: Cautiously bullish [9] - Arbitrage: On hold [9] - Options: short put @77,000 yuan/ton [9] Core Viewpoints - The domestic macro sentiment continues to recover, which is beneficial for the performance of risk assets. However, the US tariff policy may increase future uncertainties. The copper market is currently in a short - term situation of weak supply and demand, so the price is unlikely to show strong performance. Given the tight supply at the mine end, the possibility of a significant decline in copper prices is also limited. It is expected that the copper price will fluctuate between 77,800 yuan/ton and 80,300 yuan/ton next week, and the operation is recommended to focus on buying hedges on dips [9]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Market News and Important Data Futures Quotes - On July 28, 2025, the main contract of Shanghai copper opened at 79,180 yuan/ton and closed at 79,000 yuan/ton, a decrease of 0.32% from the previous trading day's close. The night - session main contract opened at 79,130 yuan/ton and closed at 79,010 yuan/ton, a 0.04% increase from the afternoon close [1]. Spot Situation - The domestic electrolytic copper spot market remains weak. The SMM1 electrolytic copper is priced at 78,950 - 79,200 yuan/ton, with a premium of 50 - 140 yuan/ton over the current - month contract, and an average premium of 95 yuan/ton, a 30 - yuan drop from the previous day. The Contango structure has narrowed to C40 - C20 yuan/ton. The market shows three characteristics: increased domestic and imported arrivals, significant regional differentiation, and tight supply of wet - process copper with a narrowing price difference between non - standard and standard products. It is expected that the downward space of the spot premium will narrow [2]. Important Information Summary - **Macro and Geopolitical**: The Washington Federal Court rejected the request of an investment company to make the FOMC meeting public. The US Treasury has significantly increased its borrowing estimate for the third quarter to $1.007 trillion. The US and the EU have reached a trade agreement, alleviating market concerns about future uncertainties, but they are still discussing tariff exemptions for wine and spirits. The Fed's interest - rate meeting is coming up, and Trump has called for a rate cut this week [3]. - **Mine End**: First Quantum Minerals is still in negotiation with the Panama government and pays $15 million per month to maintain the shut - down Cobre copper mine, expected to increase to $17 - 18 million by the end of the year. Teck Resources' board has approved a C$2.1 - 2.4 billion ($1.6 - 1.8 billion) expansion project for the Highland Valley copper mine, which will extend its operation to the mid - 2040s, with an average annual output of 137,000 tons of copper [4]. - **Smelting and Import**: A new wave of senior executive departures at Trafigura Group is pressuring its stock - repurchase commitment. The company has postponed about 30% of the stock repurchases originally planned for this year, and the market is worried about potential delays next year [5]. - **Consumption**: The operating rate of the refined copper rod industry has dropped to 69.37%, a 4.85 - percentage - point decline from the previous week, lower than expected. The high copper price has suppressed terminal demand, leading to a "raw - material increase, finished - product accumulation" inventory pattern. The operating rate of the copper cable industry has dropped to 70.83%, a 2.07 - percentage - point decline from the previous week, with the largest year - on - year decline of 15.28 percentage points. SMM expects the operating rate to drop to 70.3% next week [6]. - **Inventory and Warehouse Receipts**: LME warehouse receipts have changed by 3,700 tons to 127,400 tons, SHFE warehouse receipts have changed by 1,699 tons to 17,832 tons. On July 28, the domestic electrolytic copper spot inventory is 120,300 tons, a change of 6,100 tons from the previous week. Last week, LME copper inventory continued to accumulate to 128,475 tons, SHFE copper inventory decreased by 13.17% to 73,423 tons, international copper inventory remained stable at 11,616 tons, and COMEX copper inventory continued to accumulate to 248,635 tons [7][8]. Strategy - **Copper**: Cautiously bullish. The price is expected to fluctuate between 77,800 yuan/ton and 80,300 yuan/ton next week, and it is recommended to buy hedges on dips [9]. - **Arbitrage**: On hold [9]. - **Options**: short put @77,000 yuan/ton [9]. Table 1: Copper Price and Basis Data - **Spot (Premium/Discount)**: The premium of SMM1 copper is 95 yuan, premium copper is 120 yuan, flat - water copper is 65 yuan, and wet - process copper is 5 yuan on July 29, 2025. - **Inventory**: LME inventory is 127,400 tons, SHFE inventory is 73,423 tons, and COMEX inventory is 225,558 tons. - **Warehouse Receipts**: SHFE warehouse receipts are 17,832 tons, and the proportion of LME cancelled warehouse receipts is 14.67%. - **Arbitrage**: The spread of CU10 - CU08 is - 40, CU09 - CU08 is 0, CU09/AL09 is 3.83, CU0/ZN09 is 3.49, the import profit is - 342 yuan, and the Shanghai - London ratio (main contract) is 8.09 [29][30][31].

Core Viewpoint - In the first half of 2025, China Copper achieved significant operational success, exceeding multiple performance targets set by the Aluminum Corporation of China (Chinalco), demonstrating resilience against challenges such as raw material supply constraints and declining treatment charges (TC) [1][2]. Financial Performance - China Copper's total profit reached 136.85% of the target set by Chinalco, while operating cash flow achieved 110.75% of the rolling target. The contribution to Chinalco's equity surpassed the target by 203.81% [2]. Industry Layout - The company is actively advancing its extension, strengthening, and supplementation strategies in its industrial layout, expanding its resource reserves in copper and lead-zinc mines. Key projects such as the Tangshan mixed ore base and the relocation of Yunnan Copper are progressing as planned, laying the groundwork for future capacity release [3]. Innovation Drive - China Copper is enhancing its development through innovation, increasing R&D investments, and achieving breakthroughs in key technology areas such as deep and high-altitude mineral development. The launch of the "Zhong Copper Data Analysis Platform 1.0" marks a significant step in data-driven decision-making across various operations [4]. Reform and Vitality - The company has made substantial progress in its reform initiatives, achieving a 96% completion rate in its overall reform actions by the end of June. The "Green Star Chain" platform was launched ahead of schedule, generating over 40 million yuan in effectiveness. The company is also advancing its restructuring efforts and has successfully issued a five-year, 500 million yuan technology innovation bond [5].

铜周报：国内政策推动铜价，关注铜关税落地 2025-7-28 长江期货股份有限公司交易咨询业务资格：鄂证监期货字[2014]1号 汪国栋 执业编号：F03101701 投资咨询号: Z0021167 张 桓 执业编号：F03138663 咨询电话：027-65777106 01 主要观点策略 02 宏观及产业资讯 03 期现市场及持仓情况 目 录 04 基本面数据 01 主要观点策略 01 主要观点策略 供给端：铜矿供应持续偏紧，铜精矿加工费持续位于历史低位。截至7月25日，铜精矿进口粗炼费为-42.75美元/吨，铜精矿现货加 工费自5月初跌至-43美元后维持至今，供给端矿冶矛盾持续演绎。 需求端：上周（7月18日-7月24日）国内精铜杆企业开工率下降到69.37%，环比下降4.85个百分点，同比下降8.85个百分点。铜价 上涨后，下游消费在上周短暂回暖后又再度呈现疲弱，企业新增订单和提货量都有所减少，精铜杆企业的开工率出现下降。 库存：截至7月25日，上海期货交易所铜库存7.34万吨，周环比-13.17%，持续下探至历年低位。截止7月24日，国内铜社会库存 11.42万吨，周去库2.91万吨，环比-20.3 ...

【冠通研究】 关注宏观情绪变化 制作日期：2025 年 7 月 25 日 【策略分析】 今日盘面低开低走承压运行，何立峰将于 7 月 27 日至 30 日赴瑞典与美方举行经贸 会谈，中美谈判预期目前偏乐观，但不排除谈判推迟可能性。下周将迎来 50%关税的落 地期限，落地情况可能干扰市场波动幅度 供给方面，截至 2025 年 7 月 18 日，现货粗炼 费为-43.16 美元/干吨，现货精炼费为-4.31 美分/磅。冶炼厂粗炼费、精炼费本周均企 稳回升，7 月一家冶炼企业有检修计划，涉及精炼产能 15 万吨，对精炼铜产量影响有 限。SMM 预计 7 月国内电解铜产量环比增加 1.55 万吨，升幅为 1.37%。需求方面，截至 2025 年 5 月，电解铜表观消费 136.35 万吨，相比上月涨跌+8.08 万吨，涨跌幅+6.30%。 下游处于相对淡季，虽价格下跌后报价升水走强，但交投情绪依然偏弱，终端工业产品 如空调等均环比产量减少，下游按需跟进，市场观望情绪浓厚，上期所库存去化，终端 需求依然有韧性。综合来看，下周市场将迎来中美贸易谈判及关税的落地期限，宏观干 扰下，行情不确定性高，基本面库存低位支撑价格行情 ...

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - **Global Macro Outlook**: The call discusses the macroeconomic environment, focusing on US rates, international rates, commodities, currencies, and emerging markets. Key Points on US Rates - **Value at Front-End**: There is a continued belief in value at the front-end of the yield curve, with 1Y1Y OIS rates appearing high on a medium-term basis. The expectation is for the Fed to ease later this year [3][11][16]. - **Treasury Issuance**: A projection of $629 billion in net T-bill issuance for the current quarter is made, as the Treasury aims to rebuild the TGA following the passage of the OBBBA [3][29]. International Rates - **Tariff Impact**: The announcement of a 30% tariff on EU goods has had little market reaction, with a focus on potential negotiations. The ECB is expected to keep rates on hold [4][42]. Commodities - **Oil Market Dynamics**: President Trump has issued a 50-day ultimatum to Russia regarding oil exports, threatening 100% secondary tariffs. This could lead to a significant supply shock in oil markets due to the scale of Russian exports and limited OPEC spare capacity [8][95]. - **Copper Tariffs**: The impending 50% US copper tariff could result in a 4% drag on refined copper demand growth in the US next year, although US copper demand only accounts for 6% of global demand [99][101]. Currencies - **USD Outlook**: A bearish outlook on the USD is maintained, with expectations of further weakness due to cyclical and structural factors. Recent data has shown mixed signals, but the overall medium-term view remains bearish [67][63]. - **EUR/USD Forecast**: The EUR/USD is expected to strengthen, with a target of 1.19 for Q3 and 1.22 for the next year, driven by US moderation and currency hedges rebalancing [78][80]. Emerging Markets - **Investment Strategy**: The recommendation is to stay underweight (UW) on EM sovereigns while maintaining a market weight (MW) stance on EM FX, local rates, and corporates. The outlook is cautious due to overvalued EM credit and overbought EM FX markets [8][5]. Additional Insights - **Treasury Funding Needs**: The Treasury is well-funded through FY25, but a significant funding gap is expected to emerge in FY26, necessitating coupon size increases starting in February 2026 [17][19]. - **Market Reactions**: The muted market reaction to tariff news indicates a focus on potential negotiations rather than immediate impacts [39][42]. This summary encapsulates the critical insights and projections discussed during the conference call, providing a comprehensive overview of the current macroeconomic landscape and its implications for various sectors.

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Overseas, the US economy shows a mixed picture with manufacturing in contraction and inflation pressure rising, while the EU and the US are in trade negotiations and the ECB maintains interest rates. Domestically, the stock and commodity markets are positive, the bond market is under pressure, and various commodities show different trends affected by multiple factors such as trade policies, supply - demand fundamentals, and market sentiment [2][3] - The prices of precious metals are in回调 due to the expected easing of trade tensions; copper prices are expected to remain high - level volatile; aluminum prices are likely to oscillate; alumina prices will stay in a short - term oscillation; zinc prices will adjust at a high level; lead prices will move horizontally; tin prices will oscillate at a high level; industrial silicon prices will be strongly oscillating; lithium carbonate prices will have a wide - range oscillation; nickel prices may oscillate strongly; crude oil prices will have their center of gravity lifted; steel prices will oscillate; iron ore prices will oscillate; and the prices of bean and rapeseed meal will have a wide - range oscillation, while palm oil prices may oscillate strongly [4][6][8][10][11][13][15][16][18][20][22][24][25][26][28] Summaries According to Related Catalogs Macroeconomy - Overseas: The US 7 - month Markit manufacturing PMI is 49.5 (in contraction), the service PMI is 55.2 (a new high for the year), inflation pressure rises, and business confidence drops. The EU and the US are close to a trade deal, but the EU has approved a 930 - billion - euro anti - tariff measure on US products. The ECB maintains interest rates, and the market's expectation of further rate cuts weakens [2] - Domestic: The A - share market breaks through 3600 points, with a trading volume of about 1.9 trillion yuan. The bond market is under pressure, and the 10Y and 30Y treasury bond rates rise to 1.74% and 1.95% respectively [3] Precious Metals - COMEX gold futures fall 0.77% to $3371.3 per ounce, and COMEX silver futures fall 0.55% to $39.285 per ounce. The expected easing of global trade tensions weakens the demand for hedging, putting pressure on precious metals [4] Copper - The main contract of Shanghai copper slightly falls. The US manufacturing contraction and the approaching tariff deadline make the overseas capital market cautious. Freeport's second - quarter copper production is 43.7 million tons, a year - on - year decrease of 7.1%. Copper prices are expected to remain high - level volatile [6][7] Aluminum - The main contract of Shanghai aluminum closes at 20760 yuan/ton, a decrease of 0.41%. The increase in the US dollar index and the weak US manufacturing PMI increase the pressure on aluminum prices. The inventory of aluminum ingots accumulates, while the inventory of aluminum rods decreases. Aluminum prices are expected to oscillate [8][9] Alumina - The main contract of alumina futures closes at 3355 yuan/ton, a decrease of 2.81%. The low - level warehouse receipt inventory provides support for alumina prices, and it is expected to oscillate in the short term [10] Zinc - The main contract of Shanghai zinc has an intraday volatile and strong trend. The decrease in the position of an LME seat, the slight increase in LME inventory, and the slight discount of LME0 - 3 spot ease the squeeze - out concern. Zinc prices are expected to adjust at a high level [11][12] Lead - The main contract of Shanghai lead moves horizontally. The high inventory pressure is not relieved, and the consumption improvement is insufficient. Lead prices are expected to move horizontally in the short term, and attention should be paid to consumption variables [13][14] Tin - The main contract of Shanghai tin oscillates at a high level. The decrease in the position of an LME seat eases the squeeze - out concern, but the rainy season in Southeast Asia may affect the transportation of tin ore in Myanmar. Tin prices are expected to oscillate at a high level [15] Industrial Silicon - The main contract of industrial silicon is strongly oscillating. The supply side is in a passive contraction state, and the demand side shows different trends. Supported by policies, the prices are expected to be strongly oscillating, but the risk of high - level decline should be guarded against [16][17] Lithium Carbonate - The futures price of lithium carbonate runs strongly, and the spot price slightly rises. The market is affected by various news, and the price amplitude increases. The spot market is cold, and lithium prices will have a wide - range oscillation in the short term [18][19] Nickel - Nickel prices oscillate weakly. The supply of nickel ore is becoming more abundant, and the cost pressure of nickel iron still exists. The introduction of the price draft may make nickel prices oscillate strongly [20][21] Crude Oil - Crude oil prices oscillate. The short - term geopolitical risk cools down, the EIA crude oil inventory decreases more than expected, and the macro - sentiment is strengthening, pushing up the center of gravity of crude oil prices [22][23] Steel (Screw and Coil) - Steel futures oscillate. Multiple departments are promoting anti - involution competition rectification. The supply and demand of steel are in a weak balance. Steel prices are expected to oscillate [24] Iron Ore - Iron ore futures oscillate at a high level. The supply of iron ore is sufficient, and the cost increase due to the rise of coke prices suppresses the bargaining space of iron ore. The demand remains resilient. Iron ore prices are expected to oscillate [25] Bean and Rapeseed Meal - The prices of bean and rapeseed meal fall. The water - heat conditions in the US soybean - producing areas are good, and the export sales of new - crop soybeans are slow. Affected by the protein - reduction policy, the long - position funds reduce their positions, and the prices are expected to have a wide - range oscillation [26][27] Palm Oil - Palm oil prices may oscillate strongly. The production of Malaysian palm oil is in an increasing cycle, and the potential demand from countries like India provides support. The market expects future supply to tighten [28][29]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The US has initiated 232 investigations on aluminum and copper, and imposed tariffs on these two metals, which have had significant impacts on their prices, trade volumes, and industrial chains [3][26]. - For aluminum, tariffs have led to an increase in the premium of US local aluminum prices over LME aluminum prices, and a change in the import pattern, with a decrease in the import of aluminum products and a potential return of the aluminum processing industry [3][18][21]. - For copper, the implementation of 232 tariffs is expected to cause the Comex - LME copper price spread to widen, and there may be a situation of supply mismatch between the US and non - US regions. The return of the copper smelting industry faces many difficulties, while the copper products manufacturing industry may experience a return [27][34][40]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 US 232 Tariff Impact on Aluminum Analysis 3.1.1 US 232 Aluminum Tariff and Premium Review - In 2017, the US launched 232 investigations on imported steel and aluminum products. In 2018, it imposed a 25% tariff on imported steel and a 10% tariff on imported aluminum products, which increased the premium of US local aluminum prices over LME aluminum prices from 10% to 20% [3]. - In 2020, the scope of aluminum import tariffs was expanded. In 2025, the aluminum tariff was raised from 10% to 25%, and then to 50%, causing the premium of US aluminum prices over LME aluminum prices to rise from 20% to 60% [6][8]. 3.1.2 US Aluminum Production and Imports and Exports - In 2024, US electrolytic aluminum production was 690,000 tons, a decrease of 100,000 tons from 2023. The main sources of imported aluminum ingots were Canada, South Africa, Argentina, and the UAE, with imports from Canada accounting for 78.8% [11]. - After the exemption for all importing countries was cancelled in March 2025, there was a short - term rush to import, but the annual import volume of aluminum ingots may remain stable [11][12]. 3.1.3 Increase in US Primary Aluminum Imports and Decrease in Aluminum Product Imports - After the Trump tariff policies in 2018 and 2020, the import volume of aluminum and aluminum products showed a short - term decline and then recovered. From 2023 to 2024, the total import volume of aluminum ingots remained stable, but the total import volume of all aluminum products decreased significantly, while exports remained relatively stable [18]. - After 2017, the import volume of aluminum products decreased significantly, while the import volume of un - wrought aluminum and alloys increased. The import volume of aluminum containers decreased, and the export volume increased, indicating a potential return of the US aluminum processing and manufacturing industries [21]. 3.2 US 232 Tariff Impact on Copper Analysis 3.2.1 US 232 Copper Tariff Review - In February 2025, Trump signed an executive order to initiate a 232 investigation on copper. On July 9, it was announced that a 50% tariff on copper would be imposed starting from August 1, 2025, due to the US's increasing dependence on foreign copper and insufficient smelting and refining capabilities [26][27]. 3.2.2 Widening of Comex - LME Spread - Before the copper tariff rate was determined, the Comex - LME spread gradually expanded from 0 to 10%. After the 25% aluminum tariff took effect in March 2025, the market's expectation of the copper tariff increased, and the spread reached a premium level of 16.8% [27]. - After July 8, 2025, when the 50% copper tariff was announced, the Comex copper price rose rapidly, and the Comex - LME spread exceeded $3000/ton. However, the premium of Comex over LME has been lower than the tariff level, and if there is no exemption, the spread is expected to rebound to over 40% [29][30]. 3.2.3 Transfer of Refined Copper and Supply Mismatch - The rush to import copper started in April 2025. In April and May, the US imported 200,000 tons and 210,000 tons of refined copper respectively, far exceeding the historical average. This led to a shortage of refined copper supply in non - US regions and a decline in LME inventory [34]. - Due to the supply shortage in non - US regions from April to June, the market was in a back structure, and the inventory of the entire industrial chain was cleared. Even if supply increases after the implementation of the 232 tariff, the inventory increase may be lower than expected [35]. 3.2.4 Setback in Copper Smelting Return and Potential Breakthrough in Processing - The return of the US aluminum smelting industry has faced difficulties due to high electricity costs and old equipment. In contrast, the aluminum processing industry has shown signs of return [38]. - The return of the copper smelting industry also faces problems such as high restart costs of old equipment, high environmental protection costs, complex approvals, and low copper processing fees. The copper products manufacturing industry may experience a return, and Canada may be the most affected country [39][40]. 3.3 Summary - If there is no exemption for the 232 copper tariff, the Comex - LME spread will rebound to over 40%. If major importing countries are exempted, Comex copper may plummet, and the spread may fall to 0 - 10%. If non - major importing countries are exempted, the spread may remain at 30 - 40% [42]. - Limiting the export of copper concentrates and scrap copper while exempting refined copper from major importing countries may lead to a decline in the Comex - LME spread and a new round of copper price increases due to a shortage of global raw material supply [42]. - The copper smelting return has a long cycle and many difficulties, while the copper products manufacturing industry has a shorter construction cycle and is more likely to return, with an expected production cycle of about 2 years [44].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that Freeport expects copper sales in the U.S. market to generate an annual benefit of $1.7 billion [1] Group 2 - The anticipated annual benefit from U.S. copper sales highlights the significant market potential for Freeport [1] - This projection indicates a strong demand for copper, which may influence pricing and investment strategies in the industry [1] - The expected revenue underscores the importance of the U.S. market in Freeport's overall business strategy [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that Freeport's CEO Quirk emphasizes China's significant role as the main driver of copper demand [1] - India is identified as an important emerging market for copper [1]