（来源：吴说） 作者：a16z crypto 编译：深潮 TechFlow 链接：https://www.techflowpost.com/zh-CN/article/29839 声明：本文为转载内容，读者可通过原文链接获得更多信息。如作者对转载形式有任何异议，请联系我们，我们将按照作者要求进行修改。转载仅用于信息 分享，不构成任何投资建议，不代表吴说观点与立场。 隐私将成为今年加密领域最重要的护城河 隐私是推动全球金融上链的关键功能。然而，目前几乎所有现存的区块链在隐私方面都存在明显的短板。对于大多数区块链来说，隐私问题似乎只是一个事 后才考虑的附属功能。然而，现在的隐私功能本身已足够强大，可以成为区块链脱颖而出的差异化竞争优势。 隐私的作用不仅仅是提供安全性，它还能带来更重要的价值：它能够创造链上的锁定效应，形成所谓的"隐私网络效应"。在性能竞争已经不再是唯一决定因 素的今天，这一点尤为重要。 得益于跨链桥协议，只要数据公开透明，从一个链迁移到另一个链已经变得非常简单。但一旦涉及隐私，情况就不再如此：转移代币很容易，但转移秘密却 很困难。当你从一个私密链转移到一个公开链，或者在两个私密链之间切换时，总会有 ...

为贯彻落实《中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅关于数字贸易改革创新发展的意见》、《国务院办公厅关 于以高水平开放推动服务贸易高质量发展的意见》部署要求，促进对外贸易创新发展，以高水平开放推 动数字贸易和服务贸易高质量发展，加快建设贸易强省，经省委、省政府同意，现提出如下实施意见。 一、大力发展数字贸易 （一）积极发展数字产品贸易。大力提升数字内容制作质量和水平，推动医疗健康、文化娱乐等领域优 质生活性服务进口，举办涉外电影展映和文化交流合作活动，办好中国国际影视动漫版权保护和贸易博 览会。 （二）持续优化数字服务贸易。大力发展数字制造外包，提升品牌和标准影响力。鼓励数据安全、数据 资产、数字信用等第三方服务机构国际化发展。支持服务贸易平台型企业发展，为服务贸易企业提供信 息共享、云服务、贸易促进、品牌宣传推广、专业培训等服务，带动传统服务贸易数字化转型。支持广 州建设大湾区贸易数字化赋能中心、南沙"离岸易"综合服务平台。推动数字服务贸易与高端制造业融合 发展，支持生物医药、飞机、汽车、工程机械、文旅装备等领域制造业企业对外提供具有国际竞争力的 专业化、综合性服务，鼓励家电、化工、医药和电子信息等行业企业加强服务化和 ...

"备边足戎，国家之重事。"推进现代边海空防建设，是国防和军队现代化的内在要求，是以高水平安全 保障高质量发展的应有之义，对以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业具有重要意义。 "十五五"规划建议明确提出，要"加强现代边海空防建设"。当前，我国边海防基础设施、新型手段和条 件建设情况如何？围绕相关问题，我们采访了陆军边海防学院昆明校区教授张德胜、熊春保和副教授吴 柏松。 系统推进边海防基础设施体系化建设 问：近年来，我国边海防基础设施建设取得了哪些成绩？ 张德胜：加强边海防基础设施建设是贯彻党中央治边方略、提升边海防防控能力的重要举措。近年来， 我国围绕执勤保障、物理拦阻和智能管控等维度，系统推进边海防基础设施体系化建设，有力维护了边 海防安全。 在执勤交通方面，持续推进边海防执勤道路提质升级，绝大多数执勤路段已实现车辆通行。在重点区域 布局建设直升机停机坪与无人机智能值守平台，形成"空中+地面"立体巡逻模式，显著提升了偏远复杂 地段的执勤效率和机动能力。 在物理拦阻设施方面，在边境口岸、重要通道及易越界地段统筹建设标准化拦阻设施，构建严密物理防 控网络，有效降低了非法越境风险，并优化了一线人力投入，实现 ...

神译局是36氪旗下编译团队，关注科技、商业、职场、生活等领域，重点介绍国外的新技术、新观点、新风向。 编者按：Web3远非只是加密货币与头像，它关乎更本质的问题：谁是你数字生活的主人？从被动的"平台租客"转向拥有"数字产权"的业主，正在 成为新的分野。Web3的核心是数字所有权和治理权，这不仅是技术概念，更是重塑每个人线上生存方式的关键。本文带你穿透术语，理解这场 从"拥有什么"到"如何拥有"的深刻变革。 文章来自编译。 图片由Gemini生成 坦白说，外界对 Web3 的解释常常让人望而却步。各种"去中心化""区块链"等技术术语堆在一起，很难读懂，也容易让人觉得那是技术圈的事 情，与自己无关。 可这正是误解的来源。Web3 并不等于比特币价格，也不是那些币种的卡通头像，而是回到更基础的议题，即所有权本身。 回想你每天的数字生活。你发的照片、好友列表、点赞记录究竟属于谁？谁真正掌控你的线上身份？答案并不复杂，掌控权在平台手中。 Facebook 订规则，Google 决定你看到的信息，TikTok 的算法决定什么流行。我们像住在平台提供的数字公寓里，以注意力付"房租"，却不拥有其 中任何部分。 一句常被忽略的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The 20th Central Committee's Fourth Plenary Session emphasizes the construction of a modern infrastructure system as a crucial task for building a modern industrial system and strengthening the foundation of the real economy [1] Group 1: Importance of Modern Infrastructure - Infrastructure plays a strategic, foundational, and leading role in national development, significantly impacting economic and social progress [2] - The Central Committee has consistently promoted the construction of a modern infrastructure system, recognizing its importance for long-term national development [2] - Infrastructure is essential for industrial development and serves as a critical component of the modern industrial system, reflecting a country's development level and civilization [2] Group 2: New Quality Productivity - The development of a modern infrastructure system is vital for nurturing new quality productivity, as historical innovations have relied on corresponding infrastructure [3] - Modern infrastructure networks facilitate the flow of technological innovation and production factors, enhancing efficiency and reducing costs [3] Group 3: Current Challenges - There are significant gaps in China's infrastructure compared to developed countries, with issues such as insufficient coordination and resilience in key areas [4] Group 4: Characteristics of Modern Infrastructure - The modern infrastructure system must be advanced, systematic, efficient, safe, and green, aligning with the needs of a socialist modernized nation [5] - Emphasis on integrating advanced technology with economic benefits is crucial for modern infrastructure development [5] Group 5: Transition to Systematic Planning - There is a need to shift from single-domain planning to cross-domain systematic planning for infrastructure, addressing imbalances and structural issues [6][7] Group 6: Development Direction - The development of modern infrastructure should focus on intelligence, greenness, and integration, leveraging new technologies for enhanced efficiency and sustainability [8] Group 7: Key Tasks for the 14th Five-Year Plan - The 14th Five-Year Plan aims to consolidate and expand China's infrastructure advantages, focusing on modernizing transportation and energy systems while enhancing safety and resilience [9][12] Group 8: New Energy Infrastructure - The new energy infrastructure will prioritize non-fossil energy sources and develop a new power system, aiming for a significant increase in clean energy supply [12] Group 9: Modern Water Network - The construction of a modern water network is essential for national public service systems, focusing on flood control and efficient water resource management [13] Group 10: Urban Infrastructure Resilience - Enhancing urban infrastructure to support both daily functions and emergency responses is critical for improving resilience and sustainability [14]

（原标题：越南《数字技术产业法》将于2026年1月1日正式生效） 从事电子设备生产的企业，可享受企业所得税"四免九减半"优惠，即自盈利年度起前四年全额免 征，随后九年减半征收。对于投资超过6万亿越盾大型项目，政府总理有权决策将优惠期限在原有基础 上再延长最多50%。企业满足以下条件之一即可申请上述税收优惠：产品使用越南境内设计、生产、封 装或测试的半导体芯片；设立不少于10人研发部门（越籍员工占比不低于50%），且年度研发投入不低 于平均净收入2%；生产的电子设备拥有自主设计产权；供应链中至少有30%越南本土企业参与并开展 了技术转让。 为最大限度降低研发成本、鼓励创新，该法大幅放宽对进口二手设备的限制，允许在以下特定情形 下进口：用于特种专业用途；用于科学研究；为国外客户进行来料加工，且成品全部出口。 该法规定了政府采购数字技术产品与服务的国产优先政策：硬件产品设计方案与注册商标均须为越 南组织、企业或个人所有，软件产品设计开发所有权属于越南组织或个人，或主要基于越南方面拥有或 主导的开源代码进行开发。 越通社12月9日报道，越南第十五届国会2025年6月通过《数字技术产业法》，该法将于2026年1月1 日 ...

Core Viewpoint - The issuance of the "Opinions" by the National Data Bureau aims to enhance the construction of data element disciplines and digital talent teams, focusing on improving total factor productivity and developing new quality productivity to accelerate the high-quality development of China's digital economy [1][11]. Group 1: Importance of "Two Constructions" for High-Quality Development - Enhancing total factor productivity is a core indicator of developing new quality productivity and is essential for high-quality development [2][13]. - The growth of total factor productivity is driven by technological revolutions, resource allocation efficiency improvements, new industrialization, new infrastructure, carbon neutrality, and deeper reforms [2][13]. - Empowering artificial intelligence with data and deepening the market-oriented reform of data elements are crucial for strengthening and optimizing the digital economy [2][13]. Group 2: Digital Talent Development - There is a structural contradiction in the supply and demand of digital talent in China, with a gap of 25 to 30 million digital talents in 2023, which is expanding annually [3][14]. - The development of the digital economy requires a deep integration of education, talent, industry, and innovation chains [3][14]. - The "Opinions" emphasize the need for a multi-level, composite digital talent training system to activate the value of data elements [4][15]. Group 3: Multi-Pathways for Digital Talent Cultivation - The "Opinions" stress the importance of creating a collaborative ecosystem for industry-education integration, supporting partnerships between universities, research institutions, and enterprises [7][17]. - It encourages the establishment of data-related disciplines in higher education and the development of a talent training mechanism that connects undergraduate, master's, and doctoral programs [5][16]. - The focus is on practical training and interdisciplinary knowledge to meet the diverse needs of different industries [8][18]. Group 4: Organized Research in Data Field - The release of data value faces theoretical and practical challenges, necessitating innovation in theory and practice to enhance total factor productivity [9][19]. - The rapid development of AI as a core technology in the new round of technological revolution requires deep integration with vast amounts of data [9][19]. - The "Opinions" outline the main research directions in the data field, emphasizing interdisciplinary integration and organized research to solidify the foundation of scientific research [10][20].

数字基础设施是发展数字经济的基础。只有搞好基础设施建设，才能促进产业结构的优化升级。优化信 息网络设施。立足区域产业结构特征，科学规划新型数字基础设施，加大信息化建设的投资力度，加快 推进5G网络等信息通信网络的统筹规划，实现城乡重点区域、工业园区、交通枢纽的连续覆盖，夯实 数字经济发展基础；重点强化乡村数字基建薄弱环节，缩小城乡、区域间通信基础设施差异，降低数据 传输、存储、交易等成本，为区域产业结构优化提供重要支撑。加大创新研发投入强度。地方政府要加 大对高校科研的支持力度，鼓励高校开展原创性研究，不断强化组织保障、人才保障、资源保障，完善 科研创新体系，提高科技创新能力；强化对中小微和初创企业的资金与政策支持，发挥企业的主体作 用，主动借鉴国内外企业技术创新经验，持续完善、应用和推广新数字技术，提升企业的市场竞争力。 推动区域数字经济协同发展，构建开放共赢的联动格局 强化产业数字化转型支持，激活产业升级的存量引擎 □ 蒋永彩戴德锋 发展数字经济，可催生新产业（300832），也可赋能传统产业。应加快数字经济与传统产业的融合，增 强传统产业优化升级的内在驱动力。构建智慧农业体系。加快物联网传感器、无人机等 ...

Core Insights - The digital economy is identified as a core driver for high-quality development in the province, with significant growth projected in the coming years [1] Digital Infrastructure - The province has built a total of 240,000 5G base stations, ranking 6th nationally, achieving full coverage of 5G networks in towns and above, and all administrative villages have access to gigabit optical networks [1] - The province's computing power has reached 9.8 E Flops, with major projects like the national supercomputing internet core node accelerating construction [1] - A total of 16,000 kilometers of old urban pipelines have been updated, and over 243,000 IoT sensing devices have been installed [1] Data Resource Development - The province has initiated 23 provincial-level data resource development pilot projects, with over 1,000 data backbone enterprises and an industry scale of approximately 200 billion [2] - The Zhengzhou data trading center has surpassed a transaction volume of 4.2 billion [2] - The province has established several key laboratories and technology research institutes, focusing on breakthroughs in core technologies [2] Digital Industry Growth - The smartphone production has consistently ranked among the top three in the country, and the integrated circuit industry has transitioned from "no chips available" to "monthly production of one million pieces" [2] - The software industry revenue has exceeded 100 billion, and the province has been recognized for its blockchain development and e-commerce initiatives [2] Digital Governance and Services - The province has constructed a foundational framework for comprehensive digital transformation, with significant applications in smart city management and healthcare [3] - The integration of 59 provincial and municipal government clouds has made it the first province in the country to achieve full integration of government cloud services [3] - The "one-stop" service has benefited 381 million transactions, with a comprehensive reduction rate of 81.5% in processing steps and time [3]

01部分：区块链的起源与设计哲学 会分五篇文章来讲，接下来正文开始，希望大家喜欢，关注我，我是程序猿Tom。 点击上方蓝字 关注我们 1. 传统电子支付的"信任危机"区块链（Blockchain）的诞生并非偶然，它是对现代互联网贸易中长期存 在的"信任成本"的一次深刻反思。在 Satoshi Nakamoto（中本聪） 于 2008 年发表白皮书之前，互联网 贸易"已经变得几乎完全依赖金融机构作为可信任的第三方来处理电子支付" 1。这种中心化模式虽然高 效，但引入了固有的风险和成本，包括交易延迟、中介费用，以及对单一机构的过度信任。 图1. 中本聪纪念像对于 数字货币而言，最大的挑战是如何解决"双重支付"（Double Spending）问题。在缺乏中央权威验证的情 况下，一枚数字文件如何能像实物黄金一样，一旦支付给某人，就无法再被原所有者复制或二次使用？ 传统方法依赖银行等第三方机构对交易记录进行时间戳和序列化。而区块链的设计哲学，正是寻求用数 学和分布式计算的确定性，来取代这种对人性或机构的信任。2. 创世纪：比特币白皮书的诞生 (2008)2008 年，署名为 Satoshi Nakamoto（中本聪） ...