[Table_Page] 跟踪分析|航运港口 证券研究报告 [Table_Title] 航运港口行业 美委冲突背景下，油运配置价值凸显 [Table_Summary] 核心观点： [Table_Grade] 行业评级 买入 前次评级 买入 报告日期 2026-01-04 [Table_PicQuote] 相对市场表现 -10% -2% 6% 14% 22% 30% 01/25 03/25 05/25 08/25 10/25 12/25 航运港口 沪深300 | [分析师： Table_Author]许可 | | --- | | SAC 执证号：S0260523120004 | | SFC CE No. BUY008 | | 0755-88285832 | | xuke@gf.com.cn | | 分析师： 李然 | | SAC 执证号：S0260523120009 | | 0755-82298505 | | liran@gf.com.cn | | 请注意，李然并非香港证券及期货事务监察委员会的注册 | 持牌人，不可在香港从事受监管活动。 | DocReport] [Table_ 相关研究： | | | --- ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Overweight" rating for the aviation and oil transportation sectors, indicating a positive outlook for both industries [35]. Core Insights - The aviation sector is expected to see robust demand growth, driven by increased travel during the New Year holiday, with significant year-on-year increases in both passenger volume and ticket prices. The report suggests a strategic investment during the off-peak season, anticipating a long-term super cycle [3][4]. - In the oil transportation sector, while seasonal price declines are noted, the report emphasizes the potential for future price increases due to ongoing global oil production growth and limited capacity expansion. It recommends a contrarian investment approach during the off-peak period [3][4]. Summary by Sections Aviation Sector - The report highlights a strong increase in travel demand during the New Year holiday, with a 19% year-on-year increase in overall passenger movement from December 31, 2025, to January 2, 2026. Specifically, civil aviation saw a 13% increase [3][4]. - Domestic ticket prices are estimated to rise by over 10% year-on-year during the holiday period, despite a projected short-term dip in passenger flow post-holiday [3][4]. - The aviation industry is experiencing high load factors while ticket prices remain at historical lows, suggesting a favorable environment for profitability growth driven by demand recovery and market pricing dynamics [3][4]. Oil Transportation Sector - The report notes that the average daily earnings for Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCC) reached $51,000 in 2025, significantly higher than the $36,000 in 2023-2024, driven by improved capacity utilization and increased oil production from the Middle East and South America [3][4]. - Despite a recent decline in freight rates during the traditional off-peak season, the report maintains a positive outlook for future price increases, supported by ongoing global oil production growth and limited fleet expansion [3][4]. - The report suggests monitoring geopolitical developments, particularly in Venezuela, and recommends increasing positions in companies like COSCO Shipping Energy, China Merchants Energy Shipping, and China Shipbuilding Leasing [3][4].

投资策略：国内"反内卷"叠加价格修复下关注航空和快递，海外美联储降息周期下推荐油散及大宗商品 供应链。"反内卷"频繁出现于中央重要会议及报告中遏制低效竞争已在最高决策层形成共识。国内宏观 环境方面，CPI和PPI价格指数整体有所回暖。对快递行业而言，2025年10月，全国快递单票价格为7.48 元，同比-3.00%，降幅较9月份的-4.91%明显收窄，随着快递行业"反内卷"的持续推进，快递单票价格 跌势放缓。航空票价方面，2025年10月，国内机票平均价格为809元，同比7.6%，机票价格自9月份以 来明显修复，10月份的票价录得今年以来月度同比最好表现。同时2025年年初至今美联储三次降息，今 年累计降息75个基点。目前美联储仍处在降息周期，油运散运以及大宗商品供应链等赛道整体外部宏观 条件相对较好。 "反内卷"及价格修复主线：快递行业增速放缓关注价格修复，航空出行需求和票价逐步回暖。2025年1- 10月快递业务量累计同比增长16.10%，10月快递业务量仅实现个位数增长，行业整体业务量增速有所 放缓。价格方面，通达系单票价格降幅明显收窄，我们认为，在行业增速有所下降叠加快递行业"反内 卷"的情况下，通达 ...

"反内卷"及价格修复主线：快递行业增速放缓关注价格修复，航空出行需求和票价逐步回暖。2025年1- 10月快递业务量累计同比增长16.10%，10月快递业务量仅实现个位数增长，行业整体业务量增速有所 放缓。价格方面，通达系单票价格降幅明显收窄，我们认为，在行业增速有所下降叠加快递行业"反内 卷"的情况下，通达系电商快递的单票价格有望企稳，关注后续价格修复带来的投资机遇。同时极兔速 递东南亚市场表现强劲，巴西等新市场物流需求稳健增长。我们看好海外东南亚和新市场电商快递快速 增长带来的投资机遇。航空方面，中国民用飞机机队规模稳步增加，但疫情后机队增速呈现"下台阶 式"趋势。据国家统计局数据显示，疫情前10年（2010-2019年）中国民用飞机架数增速均值为 10.44%2020-2024年中国民用飞机架数增速均值降至2.85%。价格方面，随着出行需求的逐步恢复，今年 9月以来的机票价格整体有所修复，2025年前10个月，航空煤油均价为86.01美元/桶，较去年同期下降 10.90%。煤油价格下降也有助于提升航空公司的盈利能力。 美联储降息周期下的大宗投资主线：油运散运有望迎来共震，大宗供应链企业经营有望触底反弹。 ...

Investment Strategy Overview - The transportation industry is closely linked to the macroeconomic environment, with a weak overall performance in 2025, underperforming the CSI 300 index. Key segments like railways and highways have weakened due to style shifts, while logistics, aviation, and shipping have seen some support in the second half of the year from anti-involution and external demand factors, but still lag behind the market index. Looking ahead to 2026, domestic demand is expected to improve driven by anti-involution and major infrastructure projects, with recommendations to focus on (1) improved domestic express delivery competition and benefiting bulk supply chains from upstream price recovery, (2) growth in business and leisure demand potentially returning aviation airports to profitability, and (3) the high prosperity cycle of oil transportation [5][72]. 2025 Review - The transportation industry index showed a stable performance, with a cumulative increase of 1.55% as of December 29, 2025, but underperformed the CSI 300 index. The performance of sub-sectors varied, with aviation airports, shipping ports, railways, and logistics showing cumulative changes of 9.74%, 6.56%, -12.86%, and 6.34% respectively, all underperforming the CSI 300 index [13][14]. Aviation Sector - The aviation supply-demand landscape continues to improve, with aircraft utilization recovering to high levels. Domestic civil aviation demand has been steadily increasing, with passenger volume reaching new highs in the second half of 2025. The average daily utilization of aircraft in China was 8.7 hours as of November 2025, nearing pre-pandemic levels [18][21]. - The average ticket price has stabilized, with a peak passenger load factor of 87.5% in August 2025. The market supply-demand situation is tight, and further tightening could boost ticket prices [23][24]. - The supply side faces challenges with aircraft manufacturers struggling to restore production capacity, with Boeing and Airbus delivering significantly fewer aircraft than pre-pandemic levels. As of 2024, Boeing delivered 348 commercial aircraft, while Airbus delivered 766, both below their respective 2019 levels [25][26]. - The demand side is supported by policy initiatives that have revitalized business activities, with business line passenger volume increasing year-on-year in the first eight months of 2025 [34][36]. - Cost pressures are alleviated by declining oil prices, with WTI futures at $56.74 per barrel as of December 26, 2025, down 54.13% from peak levels. The strengthening of the RMB also reduces dollar-denominated debt burdens for airlines [40][43]. Oil Transportation Sector - The oil transportation industry is currently in a high prosperity cycle, with oil prices influenced by demand fluctuations and unexpected events. The BDTI index has seen an uptick, indicating potential for improved industry conditions [46][47]. - Short-term demand is driven by significant U.S. strategic petroleum reserve replenishment needs, while long-term demand is expected to stabilize globally. The IEA forecasts a growth of 2.5 million barrels per day in global oil demand from 2024 to 2030 [49][51]. - The supply side is characterized by tight compliance capacity, with sanctions on shadow fleets leading to a reduction in compliant shipping capacity. This is expected to gradually elevate oil transportation rates [56][57]. Bulk Supply Chain Sector - The bulk supply chain sector is transitioning from traditional trading and logistics models to integrated service provider models, enhancing resource control and operational efficiency. Leading companies are learning from international experiences to improve their market positions [60][63]. - The sector is currently fragmented, with a low market share for leading firms (CR5 at around 5%). As domestic companies consolidate, there is potential for increased market share and profitability [63][64]. - The anti-involution trend is expected to stabilize the PPI, benefiting bulk supply chains as they recover from price declines. The sector is poised to benefit from price rebounds and improved demand conditions [65][66]. Investment Recommendations - Maintain a market-weight rating for the transportation industry, with a focus on improving domestic demand and sector recovery in 2026. Recommended stocks include China National Aviation (601111), Southern Airlines (600029), and Xiamen Xiangyu (600057) [72][74].

Group 1: Market Status - The correlation between A-shares and U.S. stocks has increased, with the 20-day rolling correlation of the CSI 300 and S&P 500 rising above the 90th percentile for the year, indicating a new normal of "overnight alignment, intraday reversal" [1][5][38] - Both the U.S. and China are in a phase characterized by limited upward elasticity and reduced downward risk, akin to a "Goldilocks" scenario, with the U.S. core CPI dropping to 2.6%, the lowest in three and a half years [1][8][9] - In China, corporate profitability has bottomed out, and the weakening of domestic demand creates a favorable environment for subsequent policy support [1][8] Group 2: AI Industry Chain - The investment in the AI industry chain is showing two key characteristics: broader macro effects benefiting "pan-AI" assets (copper, lithium, aluminum, energy storage, and electrical equipment) outperforming core AI assets (computing chips, optical modules, PCB) [2][17] - Investors are becoming less tolerant of the contradiction between aggressive capital expenditures and the lack of revenue growth in companies within the AI industry chain, leading to a negative correlation between stock performance and capital expenditure as a percentage of revenue [2][17][18] Group 3: Understanding "Expanding Domestic Demand" - The "income increase" plan aims to enhance net transfer payments to residents by 2025, with a focus on improving initial distribution through wage reforms, particularly in state-owned enterprises [3][25] - The expansion of consumption tax and adjustments in corporate income tax rates are expected to be seen in 2026, which may further stimulate domestic consumption [3][25][28] Group 4: Investment Strategy for 2026 - The current market conditions suggest a shift from a single industry narrative to a dual focus on "physical demand stimulation" and "domestic policy benefits," with recommendations to invest in industrial resource products (copper, aluminum, lithium, oil) and sectors benefiting from consumer recovery (airlines, hotels, food and beverages) [4][38] - Non-bank financial institutions (insurance, brokerage) are expected to benefit from capital market expansion and a bottoming out of long-term asset returns [4][38] - Opportunities are identified in China's equipment export chain and sectors showing signs of recovery in domestic manufacturing [4][38]

Group 1: Market Status - The correlation between A-shares and U.S. stocks has increased, with the 20-day rolling correlation of the CSI 300 and S&P 500 rising to over 90% since November, indicating a new norm of "overnight same direction, intraday reverse" [2][11][45] - Both the U.S. and Chinese economies are in a phase of "limited upward elasticity and reduced downward risk," with the U.S. core CPI falling to 2.6%, the lowest in three and a half years, and the unemployment rate rising to 4.6% primarily due to increased labor participation and temporary unemployment [2][13][47] - The Chinese economy shows signs of a bottom in corporate profits, while domestic demand is weakening, creating a favorable environment for subsequent policy support [2][13][47] Group 2: AI Industry Chain - The investment in the AI industry chain is showing two notable characteristics: first, "pan-AI" assets (copper, lithium, aluminum, energy storage, and electrical equipment) are performing better than core AI assets (computing chips, optical modules, PCB) [2][18][52] - Investors are becoming less tolerant of the contradiction between aggressive capital expenditures and the lack of revenue growth in companies within the AI industry chain, as evidenced by the negative correlation between stock performance and capital expenditure as a percentage of revenue [2][18][52] - Commodity prices for copper, aluminum, tin, and lithium carbonate have been rising since late October, driven by supply-demand dynamics, with near-term contracts for copper and tin outperforming longer-term contracts [2][19][53] Group 3: Understanding "Expanding Domestic Demand" - The articles published in "Qiushi" magazine emphasize the importance of consumer demand as a primary focus for expanding domestic demand, highlighting the need for a complete domestic demand system [3][24][58] - The strategy includes enhancing secondary distribution to increase residents' net transfer income and optimizing primary distribution to improve labor income, with potential reforms in state-owned enterprises to guide wage adjustments [3][25][58] - Historical examples from Japan and the U.S. show that periods of rising resident income lead to increased service and new-type consumption, indicating that the current "income increase plan" may boost demand for service consumption and technology-driven durable goods [3][27][58] Group 4: Preparing for 2026 - The current market conditions, characterized by limited macro elasticity and increased industry differentiation, suggest a shift in investment strategy towards "physical demand-driven" and "domestic demand policy dividends" as more certain avenues for growth [2][39][40] - Recommendations include focusing on industrial resource products (copper, aluminum, tin, lithium, crude oil, and oil transportation) that benefit from AI investment and global manufacturing recovery, as well as sectors like aviation, hotels, duty-free, and food and beverage that will benefit from increased consumer spending [2][32][39] - The non-bank financial sector (insurance, brokerage) is expected to benefit from capital market expansion and a bottoming out of long-term asset returns, alongside opportunities in China's equipment export chain and domestic manufacturing sectors [2][32][39]

Group 1: Aviation Industry Outlook - The aviation sector is expected to significantly reduce losses in Q4 2025 and achieve profitability for the entire year, despite fluctuations in Japanese routes not altering the long-term logic [1] - November passenger traffic is estimated to grow by 6% year-on-year, with domestic traffic increasing by 5% and international traffic by 18%, leading to a historical high in load factor [1] - Domestic oil ticket prices are projected to rise by 1-2% year-on-year, while international ticket prices show a notable increase, contributing to the anticipated reduction in losses for November [1] Group 2: Oil Shipping Industry Outlook - Oil shipping rates remain high, with VLCC TCE rates recently experiencing a slight decline to $120,000, but are still expected to reach a ten-year high in profitability for Q4 2025 [2] - The increase in global crude oil production is expected to continue driving demand for oil shipping, while aging fleets will limit effective supply growth, leading to a positive outlook for the oil shipping market [2] Group 3: Strategic Recommendations - The aviation sector is poised to enter a "super cycle," with high load factors and low ticket prices, where market-driven pricing and low supply growth will drive profitability upward [4] - The oil shipping sector is anticipated to continue its upward trend in profitability, with limited impact from geopolitical negotiations such as the Russia-Ukraine talks [4]

Group 1 - COSCO Shipping Energy's stock price dropped over 8%, currently at HKD 9.92 with a trading volume of HKD 320 million [1] - OPEC+ has agreed to maintain stable production levels for the entire group next year, with eight major oil-producing countries reaffirming a pause in production increases for Q1 of next year [1] - Iraq, UAE, Kazakhstan, and Oman have submitted additional production cut plans to compensate for previous overproduction, committing to a total reduction of 221,000 barrels per day in November [1] Group 2 - The arrangements for production cuts will continue until June 2026 [1] - Huatai Securities previously indicated that international oil shipping is expected to benefit from multiple favorable factors, including the OPEC+ production cycle, increased crude oil exports from long-distance American countries, and geopolitical disruptions [1] - The industry is anticipated to maintain a high level of prosperity, with freight rates significantly elevated compared to the 2020-2025 cycle, which is expected to substantially boost the profitability of oil shipping companies [1]

Group 1 - COSCO Shipping Energy (中远海能) experienced a significant decline of over 8%, with a current price of HKD 9.92 and a trading volume of HKD 320 million [1] - OPEC+ has agreed to maintain stable production levels for the entire group next year, with eight major oil-producing countries reaffirming a pause in production increases for Q1 of next year [1] - Iraq, UAE, Kazakhstan, and Oman have submitted additional production cut plans to compensate for previous overproduction, committing to a total reduction of 221,000 barrels per day in November [1] Group 2 - The arrangements for production cuts will continue until June 2026, indicating a long-term strategy to stabilize the oil market [1] - Huatai Securities previously noted that the international oil shipping industry is expected to benefit from multiple favorable factors, including the OPEC+ production cycle, increased oil exports from long-distance countries in the Americas, and geopolitical disruptions [1] - The industry is anticipated to maintain a high level of prosperity, with freight rates significantly elevated compared to the 2020-2025 cycle, which is expected to substantially boost the profitability of oil shipping companies [1]