4 月经济运行总体保持平稳；资金面收敛态势有所缓解，债市明显回暖 【内容摘要】5 月 19 日，央行公开市场继续净投放，资金面收敛态势有所缓解；债市明显回 暖；转债市场主要指数集体收涨，转债个券多数上涨；各期限美债收益率走势分化，主要欧洲 经济体 10 年期国债收益率走势分化。 一、债市要闻 （一）国内要闻 【4 月份经济运行保持总体平稳】国家统计局 5 月 19 日发布的数据显示，4 月全国规模以上 工业增加值同比增长 6.1%，社会消费品零售总额同比增长 5.1%。1-4 月，全国固定资产投资 （不含农户）同比增长 4.0%。国家统计局新闻发言人付凌晖表示，4 月份，我国经济运行保持 总体平稳。面对外部冲击，我国经济能够顶住压力稳定增长，既得益于我国经济基础稳、优势 多、韧性强、潜能大，也得益于宏观政策协同发力、各方面积极应变，更是坚定不移推动高质 量发展、加快构建新发展格局的结果。 【4 月 70 大中城市中有 22 城新建商品住宅价格环比上涨】5 月 19 日，国家统计局公布数据 显示，中国 4 月 70 大中城市中有 22 城新建商品住宅价格环比上涨，3 月为 24 城；其中，上 海、大连涨幅 0. ...

Group 1: LPR Adjustment - The LPR for 1-year and 5-year terms was lowered by 0.1 percentage points to 3.0% and 3.50% respectively[1] - This marks the first reduction after six months of stability, driven by a recent package of financial policies from the central bank[2] - The adjustment reflects a change in the pricing basis for LPR, indicating a transmission of policy rate adjustments to loan market rates[2] Group 2: Economic Context - The reduction in LPR is a response to the escalation of the US-China tariff conflict, necessitating stronger counter-cyclical adjustments in macro policy[2] - Lowering policy rates aims to stimulate domestic demand to offset external demand slowdown, thereby stabilizing economic operations[2] - The central bank is expected to continue implementing interest rate cuts in the second half of the year due to ongoing uncertainties in the external environment[3] Group 3: Impact on Deposits and Banks - The 1-year LPR reduction is anticipated to lead to a comprehensive decrease in deposit rates, averaging a decline of 0.1 percentage points[4] - Short-term deposit rates will see smaller reductions, while longer-term deposit rates may experience more significant declines[4] - The latest data shows that the net interest margin for commercial banks fell to 1.43% in Q1 2025, down by 0.09 percentage points, marking a historical low[4]

中美贸易谈判超预期，资金面趋紧，债市延续调整 ——利率债周报（2025.5.12-2025.5.18） 作者 东方金诚 研究发展部 分析师 瞿瑞 部门执行总监 冯琳 时间 2025 年 5 月 19 日 核心观点 ⚫ 上周债市震荡调整，长债收益率大幅上行。上周一（5 月 12 日） 中美达成贸易共识，双边关税显著调降，市场避险情绪迅速降 温，债市出现明显调整。周二市场情绪有所修复，但因国债放 量发行，资金面逐步收紧，周三、周四债市再度调整。直到周 五资金面边际改善，债市小幅回暖。整体上看，受中美谈判超 预期以及资金面趋紧影响，上周债市震荡偏空，长债收益率延 续上行。短端利率方面，尽管降准落地，但受央行连续净回笼 及MLF到期影响，上周资金面先松后紧，导致短端利率延续上行 态势，但上行幅度小于长端，收益率曲线进一步陡峭化。 本周（5 月 19 日当周）债市料将延续震荡格局。从资金面来 看，由于前期资金已充分宽松，央行"双降"后进入政策观察 期，且本周正值税期走款，资金面进一步宽松的概率较低。从 基本面来看，中美贸易摩擦阶段性缓和，市场对基本面预期有 所修复，但仍需经济数据验证，同时，后续中美贸易战走势仍 存在较 ...

Economic Performance - In April, the industrial added value grew by 6.1% year-on-year, a decrease of 1.6 percentage points from the previous month[4] - The retail sales of consumer goods increased by 5.1% year-on-year, down 0.8 percentage points from the previous month[7] - Fixed asset investment grew by 4.0% year-on-year in the first four months, a decline of 0.2 percentage points from the previous value[9] External Environment Impact - The slowdown in industrial growth is attributed to a tightening external economic environment, with export delivery value growth dropping by 6.8 percentage points to 0.9%[5] - Consumer confidence has been affected by external trade uncertainties, as indicated by a consumer confidence index of 87.5 points in March, down 0.9 points from the previous month[7] - The manufacturing PMI production index fell by 2.8 percentage points, indicating a contraction in manufacturing activity due to reduced external demand[5] Policy Response - The government has implemented counter-cyclical adjustment policies, including increasing the fiscal deficit ratio and issuing special bonds to support growth[2] - The "old-for-new" policy has positively impacted consumer spending, particularly in appliances and communication equipment, with retail sales in these categories showing double-digit growth[8] - Infrastructure investment, excluding electricity, grew by 5.8% year-on-year, reflecting the government's focus on stabilizing economic growth amid external pressures[12] Future Outlook - Industrial production growth is expected to decline further to around 5.3% in May due to ongoing external trade challenges[6] - Fixed asset investment growth is projected to accelerate, particularly in infrastructure, as the government continues to push for economic stability[12] - The overall macroeconomic resilience is anticipated to persist despite external pressures, supported by proactive fiscal and monetary policies[13]

2025 年首次全面降准落地生效；资金面有所收敛，债市继续回调 【内容摘要】5 月 15 日，资金面有所收敛，债市继续回调；转债市场主要指数跟随收跌，转 债个券多数下跌；各期限美债收益率普遍大幅下行，主要欧洲经济体 10 年期国债收益率走势 分化。 一、债市要闻 （一）国内要闻 【中办、国办：鼓励各类金融机构积极参与城市更新，推动符合条件的项目发行 REITs、资产 证券化产品、公司信用类债券等】中办、国办近日印发《关于持续推进城市更新行动的意见》。 意见提到，加大中央预算内投资等支持力度，通过超长期特别国债对符合条件的项目给予支持。 中央财政要支持实施城市更新行动。地方政府要加大财政投入，推进相关资金整合和统筹使用， 在债务风险可控前提下，通过发行地方政府专项债券对符合条件的城市更新项目予以支持，严 禁违法违规举债融资。落实城市更新相关税费减免政策。鼓励各类金融机构在依法合规、风险 可控、商业可持续的前提下积极参与城市更新，强化信贷支持。完善市场化投融资模式，吸引 社会资本参与城市更新，推动符合条件的项目发行基础设施领域不动产投资信托基金（REITs）、 资产证券化产品、公司信用类债券等。 【2025 年央 ...

Group 1: Loan and Financing Trends - In April 2025, new RMB loans amounted to 280 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 450 billion, primarily due to the over-issuance in March and ongoing local debt replacement effects[1][4][11] - The total social financing (TSF) in April was 1.1585 trillion, a year-on-year increase of 1.2243 trillion, driven by a low base from the previous year and significant government bond issuance[1][7][11] - The M2 money supply grew by 8.0% year-on-year, an increase of 1.0 percentage points from the previous month, indicating enhanced financial support for the real economy[1][9][11] Group 2: Economic Outlook and Policy Implications - The People's Bank of China announced a series of financial support policies on May 7, including interest rate cuts, which are expected to increase bank lending capacity by approximately 1 trillion[3][12] - The easing of the US-China trade tensions, as noted in the May 12 joint statement, may partially restore bilateral trade, although high tariffs will continue to pose challenges[3][12] - The expectation is for continued year-on-year increases in credit and social financing in May, with M2 growth also anticipated to accelerate[3][12][13] Group 3: Structural Changes in Loan Distribution - From January to April 2025, new loans totaled 10.06 trillion, a year-on-year decrease of 130 billion, largely influenced by local debt replacement factors[1][6][11] - The structure of loans has improved, with the proportion of loans to small and micro enterprises, manufacturing, and key service sectors increasing significantly[1][6]

——美国 2025 年 4 月 CPI 数据点评 东方金诚宏观研究 关税战传导尚不充分，后期通胀仍将反弹 研究发展部高级副总监 白雪 事件： 5 月 13 日周二，美国劳工统计局公布 4 月 CPI 数据显示：CPI 同比增长 2.3%，预期值 2.4%，前值 2.4%；CPI 环比增长 0.2%，预期 0.3%，前值-0.4%；核心 CPI 同比增长 2.8%，为 自 2021 年春季通胀爆发以来的最低增速；预期值 2.8%，前值 2.8%；核心 CPI 环比上涨 0.2%，预期值 0.3%，前值 0.1%。从结构来看，商品价格刚刚回到通胀区域（同比+0.1%）， 而服务业通胀继续下滑。然而，核心服务业环比有所上升。 解读如下： 4 月 CPI 同比在基数效应以及低油价影响下继续降温，关税传导初步体现但尚不充分。 能源价格同比继续下降，为通胀维持低位提供支撑。4 月能源价格同比增速为-3.7%，较 上月下行 0.4 个百分点。其中，汽油价格同比跌幅扩大至 11.8%（季调后环比下降 0.1%）。4 月受 OPEC+增产影响，叠加关税战引发全球需求降温，国际油价大幅走弱，布伦特原油现货 均价降至 67.9 美 ...

Economic Developments - The high-level economic talks between China and the U.S. achieved significant consensus and substantial progress, with a joint statement expected on May 12[3] - April's export figures showed an 8.1% year-on-year increase, although exports to the U.S. fell by 21.0%, a decrease of 30.1 percentage points from the previous month[6] Monetary Policy - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) implemented a net cash injection of 770 billion yuan through reverse repos on May 9, with a rate of 1.40%[13] - The PBOC's monetary policy report emphasized a moderately accommodative stance, aiming to enhance the bond market's functionality and support the real economy[4] Inflation and Prices - April's Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose by 0.1% month-on-month after a 0.4% decline in March, while the year-on-year CPI decreased by 0.1%[6] - The Producer Price Index (PPI) fell by 0.4% month-on-month and 2.7% year-on-year, with the year-on-year decline widening by 0.2 percentage points[6] Bond Market - The yield on the 10-year government bond decreased by 0.10 basis points to 1.6250% as of May 9, reflecting mixed market sentiment[16] - The first batch of 36 technology innovation bonds announced an issuance scale of 21 billion yuan, aimed at supporting tech enterprises[8] International Market Trends - U.S. Treasury yields showed mixed movements, with the 2-year yield down 2 basis points to 3.88% and the 10-year yield stable at 4.37%[23] - Major European economies saw a rise in 10-year government bond yields, with Germany's yield increasing by 3 basis points to 2.55%[26]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant information provided in the report 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In April 2025, credit bond financing increased significantly due to seasonal factors and lower issuance rates, with the issuance volume reaching 1.49 trillion yuan, up 23.1% month - on - month and 6.4% year - on - year, and net financing turning positive [3][5]. - There was a continued divergence between urban investment bonds and industrial bonds in April. Urban investment bond issuance decreased month - on - month and year - on - year, with a widening net financing gap, while industrial bond issuance and net financing increased both month - on - month and year - on - year [3][5]. - In terms of issuance structure, in April, only AAA - rated credit bonds saw increases in issuance volume both month - on - month and year - on - year; AA - rated issuance accounted for 8.5%, down 3.0 pct from the previous month. By enterprise nature, most types of industrial bonds increased in issuance and net financing month - on - month, and by bond type, net financing of each bond type increased month - on - month, with only enterprise bonds and private placement notes having negative net financing [3][25]. 3. Summary According to the Table of Contents 3.1 Overall Credit Bond Issuance - In April, credit bond issuance volume and net financing increased both month - on - month and year - on - year, with net financing turning positive. The issuance volume was 1.49 trillion yuan, up 23.1% month - on - month and 6.4% year - on - year; net financing was 2427 billion yuan, up 3663 billion yuan month - on - month and 549 billion yuan year - on - year. From January to April, credit bond financing was weaker than in the same period of 2024 [5]. - Urban investment bond issuance decreased month - on - month and year - on - year, with a widening net financing gap month - on - month and a slight narrowing year - on - year. From January to April, issuance decreased 17.1% year - on - year to 1292.9 billion yuan, and the net financing gap widened by 124 billion yuan to - 163.1 billion yuan [9]. - Driven by seasonal factors and lower financing costs, industrial bond issuance in April was 1.14 trillion yuan, up 42.0% month - on - month and 9.7% year - on - year; net financing turned positive to 333.9 billion yuan, up 397.3 billion yuan month - on - month and 39.1 billion yuan year - on - year. From January to April, issuance was 3.41 trillion yuan, basically the same as the previous year, and net financing was 849.5 billion yuan, down 251.1 billion yuan year - on - year [9]. - In April, the overall credit bond issuance rate decreased month - on - month, and the weighted average issuance term of credit bonds lengthened month - on - month, with only private enterprise bonds having a shorter issuance term [17][22]. 3.2 Credit Bond Issuance Structure - By credit rating, in April, only AAA - rated credit bonds saw increases in issuance volume both month - on - month and year - on - year; AA - rated issuance accounted for 8.5%, down 3.0 pct from the previous month. AAA - rated credit bond net financing turned positive, the financing gap of AA + - rated credit bonds widened month - on - month, and the financing gap of AA - rated credit bonds narrowed month - on - month [25]. - For urban investment bonds, in April, issuance of all ratings decreased month - on - month, and only AA - rated slightly increased year - on - year. The financing gaps of AAA - rated and AA + - rated urban investment bonds widened both month - on - month and year - on - year. From January to April, issuance of AAA - rated, AA + - rated, and AA - rated urban investment bonds decreased 25.8%, 17.3%, and 10.7% year - on - year respectively [26]. - For industrial bonds, in April, only AA - rated industrial bond issuance decreased slightly by 4.8 billion yuan month - on - month, and net financing of all ratings increased month - on - month, with AAA - rated and AA - rated net financing turning positive. From January to April, AA + - rated and AA - rated industrial bond issuance decreased 3.0% and 6.7% year - on - year respectively, while AAA - rated increased slightly by 0.5% [28]. - By enterprise nature, in April, issuance and net financing of industrial bonds of all enterprise types increased month - on - month, and only industrial local state - owned enterprise bonds decreased year - on - year. From January to April, issuance of industrial local state - owned enterprise bonds, central enterprise bonds, and private enterprise bonds changed by - 8.4%, 17.4%, and - 9.7% year - on - year respectively, and only industrial local state - owned enterprise bonds had a year - on - year decrease in net financing [25][32]. - By bond type, in April, except for private placement notes, issuance of other bond types increased both month - on - month and year - on - year; net financing of each bond type increased month - on - month, and only general corporate bonds and private placement notes had year - on - year increases in net financing. From January to April, except for private placement notes, net financing of other bond types decreased compared to the previous year, and enterprise bonds and private placement notes had negative cumulative net financing [25][37]. 3.3 Regional and Industry Credit Bond Issuance - For urban investment bonds, in April, issuance decreased in most provinces month - on - month; from January to April, issuance and net financing decreased year - on - year in more than half of the provinces. In April, 16 provinces saw a month - on - month decrease in urban investment bond issuance, and 19 provinces had negative net financing, 4 more than the previous month [42]. - For industrial bonds, in April, credit bond issuance increased month - on - month and year - on - year in most industries; from January to April, cumulative net financing was negative in the coal, building materials, national defense and military industry, and textile and apparel industries, and issuance and net financing in most industries were weaker than in the previous year [42].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating The document does not mention the industry investment rating. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Last week, the yield of long - term bonds increased slightly, and the yield curve steepened. Factors such as positive May Day holiday consumption data, rising expectations of Sino - US trade war easing, and better - than - expected April import and export data, along with the full pricing of loose monetary policy in long - term bonds before, led to the increase in long - term bond yields. The short - end interest rates decreased significantly due to the implementation of interest rate and reserve requirement ratio cuts and the overall loose funding situation [1]. - This week (the week of May 12), the bond market is expected to continue the volatile pattern. The better - than - expected April import and export data had a certain negative impact on the bond market, but subsequent tariff impacts will be more evident, and the weak price data and less - than - expected April financial data support the bond market. The implementation of the reserve requirement ratio cut on Thursday will inject about 1 trillion yuan of long - term liquidity into the banking system, and a new round of large - scale banks will lower deposit interest rates. The resumption of treasury bond trading operations is also expected to open up the downward space for the short - end and gradually transmit to the medium - and long - end. However, the progress of Sino - US trade negotiations and the recovery of risk appetite will have a negative impact on the long - end bond yields. Overall, the 10 - year treasury bond yield will fluctuate between 1.6% - 1.7%, may rise slightly, the short - end interest rates will further decline, and the yield curve is expected to continue to steepen [1]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Two - week Market Review 3.1.1 Secondary Market - Last week, the bond market was volatile, and the yield of long - term bonds increased slightly. The 10 - year treasury bond futures main contract rose 0.01% for the whole week. The 10 - year treasury bond yield increased by 1.08bp compared with the previous Wednesday, and the 1 - year treasury bond yield decreased by 4.05bp, with the term spread widening significantly [2]. - From April 28 to May 9, the bond market showed different trends on each trading day due to various factors such as policy announcements, economic data releases, and trade negotiations. For example, on May 7, long - term bond yields increased due to Sino - US trade negotiations and the less - than - expected scale of interest rate and reserve requirement ratio cuts, while short - term bond yields decreased significantly [4]. 3.1.2 Primary Market - Last week, 50 interest - rate bonds were issued, an increase of 18 compared with the previous week. The issuance volume was 578.6 billion yuan, an increase of 443.5 billion yuan, and the net financing was 235.3 billion yuan, an increase of 100.6 billion yuan. The issuance volumes of treasury bonds, policy - financial bonds, and local bonds all increased compared with the previous week. The net financing of treasury bonds increased, while that of local bonds and policy - financial bonds decreased [10]. - The subscription demand for interest - rate bonds last week was generally acceptable. Among them, the average subscription multiple of treasury bonds (excluding 2 certificate - type treasury bonds) was 3.06 times, that of policy - financial bonds was 3.99 times, and that of local bonds was 26.38 times [11]. 3.2 Last Week's Important Events - The official manufacturing PMI in April decreased significantly. The manufacturing PMI index in April was 49.0%, a 1.5 - percentage - point decrease from March, mainly due to the US tariff increase and seasonal factors. The non - manufacturing business activity index also declined [11][13]. - The CPI in April continued to be at a low level. The CPI in April decreased by 0.1% year - on - year, the same as the previous month. The PPI decreased by 2.7% year - on - year, a larger decline than the previous month. The current domestic price level is stable and weak, providing space for expanding consumption [13]. - The impact of the tariff war in April began to show, but the intensity was lower than expected. The export volume in April increased by 8.1% year - on - year, with a slowdown in growth, mainly due to the decline in exports to the US. The import volume decreased by 0.2% year - on - year, with a narrowing decline, mainly driven by the increase in imports from non - US economies. In the future, May's import and export may be negatively affected [13][14]. 3.3 Real - Economy Observation - Last week, the high - frequency data on the production side showed mixed trends. The blast furnace operating rate and daily hot metal output continued to rise, while the operating rates of petroleum asphalt plants and semi - steel tire plants decreased. On the demand side, the BDI index and the export container freight rate index CCFI both decreased, and the sales area of commercial housing in 30 large and medium - sized cities continued to decline [15]. - In terms of prices, the pork price continued to rise slightly, and most commodity prices increased. Crude oil and copper prices rose, while the rebar price declined significantly [15]. 3.4 Last Week's Liquidity Observation - Last week, the central bank's open - market operations had a net capital withdrawal of 781.7 billion yuan [28][29]. - Last week, R007 and DR007 decreased significantly, the issuance interest rate of joint - stock bank inter - bank certificates of deposit decreased significantly, the national - share direct - discount interest rates of all terms decreased, the trading volume of pledged repurchase increased significantly, and the inter - bank market leverage ratio decreased significantly [30][31][34].