Core Points - The U.S. government has announced new "reciprocal tariffs" that will take effect on August 7, following President Trump's executive order signed on July 31 [1][2] - The new tariff rates reflect a more protectionist and isolationist trade policy, with significant implications for global trade dynamics [1][11] - The average tariff rate is expected to rise from 13.3% to 15.2% [6] Tariff Rates Summary - The maximum tariff rate is set at 41%, with a general rate of 10% for countries with a trade surplus with the U.S. [2] - Countries with a trade deficit will face a minimum tariff rate of 15%, affecting approximately 40 countries [2][3] - Specific countries have been assigned varying tariff rates, with Cambodia's rate dropping from 49% to 19%, while Switzerland's rate increased from 31% to 39% [4][3] Impact on Trade Partners - Canada will see its tariff rate increase from 25% to 35%, which has been met with disappointment from Canadian officials [5][4] - The U.S. has implemented a 40% additional penalty on goods deemed to be transshipped from high-tariff countries to low-tariff countries [3][4] - The new tariffs are expected to significantly impact industries such as textiles and automotive in affected countries [4][5] Negotiation and Agreements - The U.S. has only reached a limited number of trade agreements, with only 7 out of over 200 proposed agreements finalized [7][9] - Recent agreements with countries like Japan and South Korea have resulted in reduced tariff rates, but many details remain under negotiation [8][9] - The ongoing negotiations with China have resulted in a temporary extension of tariff suspensions, indicating a complex and evolving trade landscape [10][13] Legal and Economic Implications - Trump's tariff policies are facing legal challenges, with questions raised about the extent of presidential power in modifying tariff rates without congressional approval [11][12] - Economists warn that the new tariffs could have long-term negative effects on the global economy, particularly for Asian economies [13]

Core Viewpoint - Indonesia's trade surplus for the first half of the year reached $19.48 billion, a 26% increase from $15.45 billion in the same period last year, driven by strong exports in June, particularly in palm oil and gold jewelry [1] Trade Performance - The trade surplus for January to June 2023 was $19.48 billion, up from $15.45 billion in the same period of 2022, marking a 26% growth [1] - June exports amounted to $23.44 billion, reflecting an 11.29% year-on-year increase [1] - Key contributors to the strong trade performance included a surge in palm oil and gold jewelry exports, as well as preemptive exports to the U.S. before tariff implementation [1] Export Dynamics - In June, Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports to the U.S. increased by 33.5% year-on-year, with major products including electronic machinery, clothing, footwear, palm oil, rubber, and seafood [1] U.S.-Indonesia Trade Agreement - A recent agreement between the U.S. and Indonesia will reduce U.S. import tariffs on Indonesian goods from 32% to 19%, with potential further reductions on certain U.S. products lacking domestic production [1] - Indonesia has agreed to eliminate tariffs on 99% of U.S. industrial goods, food, and agricultural products, and has committed to purchasing more U.S. goods [1] Future Trade Outlook - Economists suggest that the new U.S. tariffs could pressure Indonesia's trade surplus, as increased imports may coincide with declining prices for major commodities like coal [1]

Core Insights - Indonesia achieved a trade surplus of $19.48 billion in the first half of 2025, a 25% increase compared to the same period last year [1] Trade Performance - The trade surplus was primarily driven by non-oil and gas products, which contributed a surplus of $28.31 billion, while oil and gas products recorded a deficit of $8.83 billion [1] - Key surplus items included animal and vegetable oils, mineral fuels, and steel, whereas the deficit items were mainly machinery and equipment, electrical and electronic devices, and plastics and their products [1] Export and Import Growth - Indonesia's total exports in the first half of 2025 reached $135.41 billion, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 7.70%, while total imports amounted to $115.94 billion, growing by 5.25% [1] Major Trade Partners - The top three export destinations for Indonesia in the first half of 2025 were the United States, India, and the Philippines, with China remaining the largest source of imports, followed by Australia and Brazil [1] Monthly Trade Data - In June 2025, Indonesia recorded a trade surplus of $4.11 billion, marking the 62nd consecutive month of surplus [1] - June exports totaled $23.44 billion, up 11.29% year-on-year, while imports were $19.33 billion, increasing by 4.28% [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent executive orders signed by President Trump, which modify tariffs on goods from various countries, introducing new rates that range from 10% to 41% based on trade relationships and agreements with the U.S. [1][2] Summary by Sections Tariff Modifications - An executive order was signed on July 31, modifying tariffs on goods from dozens of countries, with rates varying from 10% to 41% [1] - Goods rerouted to avoid tariffs will incur an additional 40% tariff [1] Trade Agreements and Tariff Rates - Countries with trade agreements or those about to finalize agreements with the U.S. will be subject to the modified tariff rates before the agreements are finalized [2] - A general tariff of 10% will remain for countries where the U.S. has a trade surplus, while a new minimum tariff of 15% will apply to approximately 40 countries with trade deficits [2] Implementation and Specific Rates - The new tariffs will take effect on August 7, allowing U.S. Customs and Border Protection to prepare for the changes [3] - Syria has the highest tariff rate at 41%, while Laos and Myanmar are set at 40%. The UK will maintain a 10% tariff [3][4] Detailed Tariff Rates by Country - A detailed list of countries and their respective tariff rates includes: - Syria: 41% - Laos: 40% - Myanmar: 40% - Switzerland: 39% - Iraq: 35% - Serbia: 35% - Algeria: 30% - South Africa: 30% - Various other countries with rates ranging from 19% to 25% [4][5][6][7][8] Additional Tariff Measures - Starting August 1, a 50% tariff will be imposed on imported copper semi-finished products and high-copper content derivatives [8] - An executive order will suspend the tax exemption for imported packages valued at $800 or less, effective August 29 [8] Specific Country Tariff Increases - From August 6, a 40% tariff will be applied to products imported from Brazil, with certain exemptions [9] - Tariff rates for Canada will increase from 25% to 35% effective August 1 [9]

美国官员：如果美国对某个国家存在贸易顺差，关税税率将为10%。 ...

Core Points - The unexpected trade agreement between the US and Japan reduces tariffs to 15%, but does not achieve the goal of eliminating the US trade deficit with Japan [1][2] - The agreement is estimated to reduce Japan's trade surplus with the US by approximately 70%, but significant differences in trade agreement details remain [1][4] - The agreement is projected to lead to a 0.55% decline in Japan's actual GDP, with a 50% probability of recession by the end of 2026 [8] Summary by Sections Tariff Agreement - The US-Japan trade agreement sets tariffs at 15%, which is seen as a major concession by Japan, given its initial demands for a complete removal of tariffs [2][3] - The agreement is expected to reduce Japan's exports to the US by approximately 2.2 trillion yen [7] Trade Surplus Impact - The agreement will reduce Japan's trade surplus with the US by 6.2 trillion yen, which is about 70% of the projected 8.6 trillion yen surplus in 2024 [5][4] - If certain factors are considered, the reduction in trade surplus could be as low as 4.8 trillion yen, or 56% of the projected surplus [5] Future Trade Relations - The Trump administration may impose additional measures on Japan, including higher tariffs on specific industries such as pharmaceuticals and semiconductors [8][6] - Japan's commitment to invest 5500 billion yen in the US is seen as a target rather than a guaranteed amount, with actual investments to be determined by Japanese companies [3][9] Discrepancies in Agreement Interpretation - There are discrepancies between the US and Japan regarding the agreement's content, particularly concerning Japan's commitment to additional defense equipment purchases [9][10] - The White House's statements about the agreement may not accurately reflect the terms agreed upon by both countries [10]

Group 1 - The U.S. Secretary of Commerce, Gina Raimondo, stated that a trade surplus indicates that the U.S. is being "sold out" [1] - The European Union agreed to the deal primarily due to the pharmaceutical and automotive industries [1] - The EU does not want the U.S. to drive pharmaceutical companies out of Europe [1] Group 2 - Former President Trump is expected to announce a new pharmaceutical policy within the next two weeks [1] - A significant tariff will be imposed if drugs are not produced in the U.S. [1]

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Secretary of Commerce, Gina Raimondo, stated that a trade surplus indicates that the U.S. is being "sold out" [1] Group 1 - The statement reflects concerns about the implications of trade balances on the U.S. economy [1] - The comment suggests a critical view of current trade policies and their impact on domestic industries [1] - The notion of being "sold out" implies a loss of competitive advantage for U.S. companies in the global market [1]

《多哥第一报》7月28日消息--根据西非经货联盟统计，2023年多哥向西非经货联盟邻国出口超过7.69亿 美元。其中，对布基纳法索出口（1.78亿美元）、对贝宁出口（1.75亿美元）和对马里出口（1.68亿美 元），以上占多哥在西非次区域出口的 66% 。与此同时，洛美从西非经货联盟邻国进口额为3.68亿美 元，约占其进口额的一半。多哥在西非经货联盟内部贸易中顺差超过 4.01亿美元。这主要得益于多哥作 为次区域物流枢纽的区位优势，以及其作为内陆邻国（布基纳法索、尼日尔和马里，）进口商品的主要 通道。 ...

Core Viewpoint - South Korea's exports are expected to continue growing in July, driven by strong semiconductor and shipbuilding sectors, despite the adverse effects of increased tariffs from the United States [1] Export Data - A survey of 11 economists conducted by The Wall Street Journal predicts that July exports may increase by 4.7% year-on-year, following a 4.3% growth in June [1] - The anticipated trade surplus for July is projected to be $5.55 billion, down from a surplus of $9.08 billion in June [1] Import Data - July imports are expected to rise by 1.9% year-on-year [1] Economic Insights - Chun Kyu-yeon, an economist at Hanwha Securities, indicates that the momentum of exports may gradually weaken due to the influence of the United States [1]