Report Information - Report Title: Treasury Bond Daily Report [1] - Date: September 5, 2025 [2] - Researcher: He Zhuoqiao, Huang Wenxin, Nie Jiayi [3] Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Report's Core View - In August, there were no significant changes in the bond market's fundamentals and policies. The stock - bond seesaw was the main reason for the bond market adjustment. In September, the factors suppressing the bond market may ease, but incremental positive factors are still limited. The bond market has become less sensitive to the stock market since late August. Considering that the fastest - growing phase of the stock market may have passed, the pressure on the bond market from the stock market may further ease. Historically, the bond market has performed poorly in September since 2019 due to factors like government bond issuance peaks and the intensification of broad - credit policies. This year, the supply - side disturbance is weaker than in previous years, but the risk lies in the possible further intensification of broad - credit policies, and broad - monetary policies may still be difficult to implement. Overall, the pressure on the bond market will ease, but it still lacks a breakthrough point, and investors may need to be patient and wait for better allocation value [11][12]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Market Review and Operation Suggestions - **Market Performance**: The stock market's continued adjustment boosted risk - aversion sentiment, and the meeting of the joint working group of the Ministry of Finance and the central bank may have also boosted the expectation of treasury bond trading. Most treasury bond futures closed higher. The yields of most major - term interest - rate bonds in the inter - bank market rose, with the increase in the medium - and long - term mostly within 1bp. As of 16:30, the yield of the 10 - year treasury bond active bond 250011 reported 1.7525%, up 0.5bp. At the beginning of the month, the central bank continued to withdraw funds, and the money market was stable. There were 416.1 billion yuan of reverse repurchase maturities, and the central bank conducted 212.6 billion yuan of reverse repurchase operations, resulting in a net withdrawal of 203.5 billion yuan. The inter - bank capital sentiment index remained stable, and most short - term capital interest rates rose slightly [8][9][10]. 3.2 Industry News - The second group - leader meeting of the joint working group of the Ministry of Finance and the central bank was held to discuss issues such as financial market operation, government bond issuance management, central bank treasury bond trading operations, and improving the offshore RMB treasury bond issuance mechanism. - The China - Shanghai Cooperation Organization Digital Economy Cooperation Platform was inaugurated in Tianjin, aiming to deepen international cooperation in the digital economy field between China and SCO countries. - Shanghai's first property market optimization policy "Shanghai Six Measures" was introduced, and its positive effects have been initially shown, with increased trading volume in both new and second - hand housing markets [13][14]. 3.3 Data Overview - **Treasury Bond Futures Market**: Data on trading of various treasury bond futures contracts on September 4, including opening price, closing price, settlement price, change, trading volume, open interest, etc. were provided [6]. - **Money Market**: Information on the central bank's reverse repurchase operations, inter - bank capital sentiment index, and short - and medium - long - term capital interest rates was presented [10]. - **Derivatives Market**: Information on Shibor3M interest rate swap fixing curves and FR007 interest rate swap fixing curves was provided [35].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core View of the Report - The suppression of the bond market may ease in September, but incremental positive factors remain limited. The bond market has become gradually insensitive to the stock market since late August. Considering that the fastest - growing phase of the stock market may have passed, the suppression of the stock market on the bond market may further ease. However, there is a risk that credit - easing policies may be further intensified, and it is still difficult for monetary easing policies to be implemented. Overall, the bond market may still lack a breakthrough, and investors need to be patient and wait for better allocation value [11][12]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Market Review and Operation Suggestions - **Market Performance**: The stock - bond seesaw continued. The late - session plunge in the A - share market boosted the bond market sentiment, and treasury bond futures closed higher across the board. The yields of major term interest - rate bonds in the inter - bank market declined, with larger declines in the medium - and long - term bonds, around 2bp. By 16:30 pm, the yield of the 10 - year treasury bond active bond 250011 was reported at 1.75%, down 1.75bp [8][9]. - **Funding Market**: At the beginning of the month, the central bank continued to withdraw funds, and the funding situation was stable. There were 3799 billion yuan of reverse repurchase maturities, and the central bank conducted 2291 billion yuan of reverse repurchase operations, resulting in a net withdrawal of 1508 billion yuan. The inter - bank funding sentiment index remained stable, and most short - term funding rates fluctuated within a narrow range. The weighted overnight rate of inter - bank deposits fluctuated around 1.31%, the 7 - day rate rose slightly by about 0.4bp to 1.44%, and the medium - and long - term funds remained stable. The 1 - year AAA certificate of deposit rate changed little around 1.6% [10]. 3.2 Industry News - **Domestic News**: The work of using local government special bond funds to acquire and repurchase idle land has been continuously promoted, which has played an important role in stabilizing the real estate market. As of the end of August, the number of idle land parcels to be acquired with special bonds reached 4574, with a land area of over 230 million square meters, and the total amount of land to be acquired with special bonds exceeded 610 billion yuan, with actual special bond issuance of about 175.2 billion yuan. The 2025 semi - annual reports of banks were released. The asset quality of key areas such as personal loans and real estate remains a common pressure in the industry, but the overall risk is controllable, and the deterioration of relevant indicators is expected to slow down [13]. - **International News**: US President Trump said he would appeal to the US Supreme Court regarding the global tariff case. He believes that uncertainty causes the stock market to fall. If the tariffs are cancelled, the US may become a third - world country. The Bank of Japan's Deputy Governor said it is appropriate to continue raising interest rates. The US ISM manufacturing index in August rose slightly to 48.7, lower than expected, and the output index fell back into the contraction range. The eurozone's CPI in August rose 2.1% year - on - year, and a European Central Bank official said the central bank should suspend interest rate cuts due to upward inflation risks [13][14]. 3.3 Data Overview - **Treasury Bond Futures Market**: The report provides trading data for various treasury bond futures contracts on September 3, including pre - settlement price, opening price, closing price, settlement price, change, change percentage, trading volume, open interest, and change in open interest [6]. - **Money Market**: Relevant charts show the term structure change and trend of SHIBOR, as well as the change in the weighted inter - bank pledged repurchase rate and the inter - bank deposit pledged repurchase rate [29][33]. - **Derivatives Market**: Charts show the Shibor3M interest rate swap fixing curve (mean) and the FR007 interest rate swap fixing curve (mean) [35].

Report Overview - Report Title: Treasury Bond Daily Report - Date: September 3, 2025 - Industry: Treasury Bond 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Report's Core View - In August, there were no significant changes in the bond market's fundamentals and policies, and the stock - bond seesaw was the main reason for the bond market adjustment. In September, the factors suppressing the bond market may ease, but incremental positive factors are still limited. The bond market has become gradually insensitive to the stock market since late August, and as the fastest - growing phase of the stock market may have passed, the stock market's suppression on the bond market may further ease. However, from a calendar effect perspective, the bond market has performed poorly in September since 2019, mainly due to government bond issuance peaks and the intensification of broad - credit policies. This year, the supply - side disturbance is weaker than in previous years, but the risk lies in the possible further intensification of broad - credit policies, and it is still difficult for broad - monetary policies to be implemented. Overall, the suppression of the bond market may ease, but it still lacks a breakthrough, and investors need to be patient and wait for better allocation value [11][12]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Market Review and Operation Suggestions - **Market Performance** - The A - share market adjusted, but the bond market sentiment remained cautious. Treasury bond futures fluctuated downward and closed lower across the board. The yields of major inter - bank interest - rate bonds changed within a narrow range, mostly within 1bp. By 16:30, the yield of the 10 - year active treasury bond 250011 was reported at 1.768%, down 0.05bp [8][9]. - At the beginning of the month, the central bank continued to withdraw funds, and the money market tightened marginally. There were 4058 billion yuan of reverse repurchases due, and the central bank conducted 2557 billion yuan of reverse repurchase operations, resulting in a net withdrawal of 1501 billion yuan. The inter - bank money market sentiment index rose slightly, short - term money market rates mostly changed within a narrow range, the weighted overnight rate of inter - bank deposits fluctuated around 1.31%, the 7 - day rate fell about 0.8bp to 1.44%, medium - and long - term funds remained stable, and the 1 - year AAA certificate of deposit rate remained around 1.63% [10]. - **Conclusion** - The bond market's fundamentals and policies in August did not change significantly, and the stock - bond seesaw was the main reason for the bond market adjustment. In September, the factors suppressing the bond market may ease, but there are still limited incremental positive factors. The suppression of the stock market on the bond market may further ease, but from a calendar effect perspective, the bond market has performed poorly in September since 2019. This year, the supply - side disturbance is weaker than in previous years, but the risk lies in the possible further intensification of broad - credit policies, and broad - monetary policies are still difficult to implement. Overall, the bond market suppression may ease, but it still lacks a breakthrough, and investors need to be patient [11][12]. 3.2 Industry News - As of the end of July this year, the bond market custody balance reached 190.4 trillion yuan, breaking through the 190 - trillion - yuan mark for the first time, setting a new historical high, which is a significant sign of the in - depth development of China's financial market and releases three positive signals: continuous increase in the direct financing scale of the real economy, more diversified asset allocation of financial institutions, and further enrichment of residents' asset allocation methods [13]. - The Implementation Plan for the Fiscal Interest Subsidy Policy for Personal Consumption Loans was officially implemented on September 1. Participating pilot banks and other institutions officially accepted subsidy application. Some bank executives were optimistic about the impact of the consumption credit subsidy policy during the interim results season, and credit card installment business is not within the scope of subsidy [13]. - Many banks announced that the commercial personal housing loan interest rates in Shanghai no longer distinguish between first - home and second - home loans. After the adjustment, the minimum interest rate for new first - home loans in Shanghai is 3.05%, and the minimum interest rate for new second - home loans is 3.09%. Second - home mortgage loans with an interest rate higher than 3.36% can be lowered to 3.36% [13]. - The inter - bank lending center and the Shanghai Clearing House optimized the clearing mechanism for general repurchase transactions in the inter - bank bond market. The scope of participants was expanded to legal entities of deposit - taking financial institutions, and the scope of eligible collateral bonds was expanded to include non - financial corporate debt financing instruments issued by state - owned enterprise - managed industrial companies and high - quality private enterprises, as well as bonds issued by high - quality international development institutions [14]. - With the central bank maintaining a relatively loose attitude towards liquidity, market institutions expect that with the acceleration of fiscal expenditures, liquidity in September is expected to remain reasonably abundant, and fluctuations may mainly occur during periods of concentrated government bond issuance, if the stock market strengthens and causes increased concerns in the bond market, and in the last week of the quarter [14]. 3.3 Data Overview - **Treasury Bond Futures Market** - The report provides trading data for various treasury bond futures contracts on September 2, including opening price, closing price, settlement price, price change, percentage change, trading volume, open interest, and change in open interest [6]. - It also mentions the inter - term spreads of the main treasury bond futures contracts and the inter - variety spreads among 2 - year, 30 - year, 10 - year, and 5 - year contracts, as well as the trends of the main treasury bond futures contracts [16][20]. - **Money Market** - The report shows the term - structure changes and trends of SHIBOR, as well as the changes in the weighted inter - bank pledged repurchase rate and the inter - bank deposit pledged repurchase rate [30][34]. - **Derivatives Market** - The report presents the Shibor3M interest - rate swap fixing curve (mean) and the FR007 interest - rate swap fixing curve (mean) [36].

Group 1 - The report indicates that the economic data for August shows signs of weakness, with most indicators such as industrial output, services, consumption, investment, and real estate sales falling below previous values, while only exports accelerated [3][5][85] - The Shanghai Composite Index has surpassed a nearly 10-year high, driven by improved market risk appetite under the influence of wide credit policies [3][4] - The report highlights a "look at stocks, do bonds" strategy as the main logic in the bond market, with the 10-year government bond yield reaching a peak of 1.7925% during the month [3][4][11] Group 2 - The macroeconomic environment analysis reveals that the manufacturing PMI for July marginally increased to 49.4%, indicating a potential slowdown in the economy for the third quarter [5][29] - The report notes that the central bank's monetary policy has been relatively supportive, with significant net injections of funds in August, including a net injection of 0.3 trillion yuan [24][71] - The bond market strategy suggests adopting a barbell strategy to balance liquidity and yield, especially if the 10-year government bond yield breaks the 1.8% resistance level [6][85] Group 3 - The report discusses the government bond issuance situation, indicating that local government bond issuance in August was 977.6 billion yuan, which is lower than planned by 183.2 billion yuan [19] - It is projected that the supply pressure of government bonds in September may decrease compared to August, with an expected net financing scale of 1.3 trillion yuan [19][20] - The report emphasizes that the bond market's performance is influenced by the dynamics of the stock market, with the "stock-bond seesaw" effect expected to weaken in September [85] Group 4 - The analysis of the overseas economic environment indicates that the process of de-dollarization has slowed, while downward pressure on the US economy has begun to emerge [73][84] - The report highlights that foreign investment in China's bond market has been on the rise, with foreign holdings reaching 4.39 trillion yuan by June [73][76] - The report suggests that the Federal Reserve's potential interest rate cuts in September could impact the Chinese bond market, necessitating close monitoring of overseas economic data [77][84]

Group 1 - The bond market continued to show strength on July 1, with most government bond futures closing higher and interbank bond yields slightly declining, indicating a generally favorable environment for bonds in the second half of the year [1][2] - The People's Bank of China conducted a 7-day reverse repurchase operation of 131 billion yuan at a rate of 1.40%, resulting in a net withdrawal of 275.5 billion yuan for the day, reflecting a significant drop in funding rates at the beginning of the month [5][1] - The issuance of special government bonds is expected to be completed in July, with an estimated issuance scale of around 2 trillion yuan, leading to a net financing scale of approximately 900 billion yuan, which is relatively low for the year [6][1] Group 2 - In the North American market, U.S. Treasury yields fell across the board, with the 2-year yield down by 2.87 basis points to 3.717%, indicating a trend of declining yields [3] - The Asian market saw mixed results, with Japanese 10-year bond yields decreasing by 0.7 basis points to 1.426%, while shorter-term yields increased slightly [3] - In the Eurozone, 10-year bond yields for France, Germany, Italy, and Spain all increased, reflecting a divergence in bond market trends across regions [3] Group 3 - The China Securities Index for convertible bonds rose by 0.48%, with significant trading volume of 62.777 billion yuan, indicating a positive sentiment in the convertible bond market [2] - The issuance of Panda bonds has significantly increased since the end of 2022, with total issuance surpassing 1 trillion yuan, although foreign investment in these bonds remains limited [7] - The PMI data has shown signs of recovery, but the overall demand outlook remains weak, suggesting that while the fundamentals are supportive for the bond market, caution is warranted due to potential volatility [7]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the content. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In the second quarter, the growth rate of fixed - asset investment slowed down. Given the external uncertainties in the second half of the year, the necessity of stabilizing investment has increased. The new policy - based financial instruments proposed in the April Politburo meeting have attracted high market attention. There is a high probability that the instruments will be implemented in the short term, and the third quarter may be the period for the implementation of broad - credit policies, which will affect the bond market sentiment [1][24]. - The risk of crossing the half - year is controllable, but the institutional fund arrangement is relatively slow. The large - bank net lending scale has significantly increased, and the inter - bank cross - quarter fund progress is relatively slow [3]. - Since June, the bond market's spread exploration has shifted from the mid - term to the ultra - long - term. However, investors should flexibly stop losses and realize profits [4]. - In the bond market this week, the LuJiaZui Conference did not meet expectations, and the yield fluctuated within a narrow range. The central bank's OMO continued net withdrawals, and the capital market was balanced and loose. The net financing of national bonds and policy - based financial bonds decreased, while that of local bonds and inter - bank certificates of deposit increased. The term spread of national bonds widened, and that of China Development Bank bonds narrowed [10][54]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 New Policy - based Financial Instruments: Progress - The necessity of stabilizing investment has increased due to the slowdown of fixed - asset investment growth in the second quarter and external uncertainties in the second half of the year. Since May, local governments have accelerated the project reserve of policy - based financial instruments, with a possible quota of 500 billion yuan, and the support for science and technology and consumption infrastructure construction may be prioritized [1][14]. - Referring to the experience in 2022, it took about two months from the release of the instrument quota to the completion of the investment, with a relatively fast pace. The policy - based financial supply in 2022 had a leverage ratio of over 4.7 times for credit and over 10 times for infrastructure investment [17]. - The third quarter may be the period for the implementation of broad - credit policies, and attention should be paid to the impact on the bond market sentiment [24]. 3.2 Cross - half - year Risk is Controllable, and Institutional Fund Arrangement is Slow - This week, the tax period passed smoothly. After the tax period, the capital sentiment tightened briefly, which may be related to the increase in the bond market leverage level. The central bank's operations remained relatively active, and the reverse - repurchase balance was at a seasonal high [3]. - The large - bank net lending scale has significantly increased, with the single - day net lending scale reaching 5.3 trillion yuan, a record high for the same period. As of June 20, the inter - bank cross - quarter fund progress was 12%, lower than the previous level. The cross - half - year risk is expected to be relatively controllable [28]. 3.3 Bond Market Strategy: Spread Exploration Shifts from the Mid - term to the Ultra - long - term, but Flexibly Stop Losses and Realize Profits - From April to May, the bond market fully explored the spreads of mid - term interest - rate varieties. The spread quantile of mid - term varieties decreased from 75% - 96% to 44% at the end of May, with limited room for further compression [34]. - In June, the spread exploration shifted to the ultra - long - term. The best - performing maturities since April have experienced two rounds of "short - term → mid - term → ultra - long - term" rotation. The recent ultra - long - term market, mainly driven by trading desks such as funds and other products, is due to the strong demand for capital gains in a low - interest - rate environment and the expected opening of the bond - allocation space for insurance companies in the third quarter [4][37]. - Investors should continue to pay attention to the cost - effectiveness of the ultra - long - term bonds and stop losses and realize profits at appropriate times, such as when the ultra - long - term spreads are fully explored, if the central bank announces bond purchases at the end of June, and in July [5]. 3.4 Bond Market Review: The LuJiaZui Conference did not Meet Expectations, and the Yield Fluctuated within a Narrow Range - **Funding**: The central bank's OMO continued net withdrawals, and the capital market was balanced and loose. The weighted price of DR001 fell back to around 1.37%, and the issuance price of 1 - year national - share bank certificates of deposit dropped to 1.63% [11]. - **Primary Issuance**: The net financing of national bonds and policy - based financial bonds decreased, while that of local bonds and inter - bank certificates of deposit increased [59]. - **Benchmark Changes**: The term spread of national bonds widened, and that of China Development Bank bonds narrowed. The short - term performance of national bonds was better than that of the long - term, while the long - term performance of China Development Bank bonds was better than that of the short - term [54].

1. Report's Investment Rating for the Industry No investment rating for the industry is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - From August 2017 to January 2020, the credit bond market evolved in four stages under the intertwined influence of Sino - US trade frictions and policy hedging, presenting a pattern of "strengthened safe - haven properties of interest - rate bonds and re - structured risk pricing of credit bonds" [3][21]. - The market logic gradually returned to fundamental verification in the later stage, with external shocks having a diminishing marginal impact. Policy hedging effectiveness, credit repair rhythm, and cross - border capital flows became key variables affecting the market trend [12]. - After the implementation of the 54% tariff policy on April 2, 2025, the core logic of the credit bond market shifted to "safe - haven trading + policy hedging". Short - term high - grade varieties are favored, and in the short - term, safe - haven sentiment will dominate the market. In the medium - term, attention should be paid to economic data and the possible impact of the valuation repair of Chinese dollar - denominated bonds [100][105]. 3. Summary by Directory First Stage: Anticipation Disturbance Period (August 2017 - June 2018) - **Interest Rate Curve Differentiation and Credit Risk Pricing Re - structuring**: The bond market was in a "loose money, tight credit" policy combination. The short - end of the interest - rate bond market benefited from the targeted RRR cut in April 2018, while the long - end was suppressed by factors such as rising international oil prices, Fed rate hikes, and regulatory tightening. Private enterprise default amounts increased, and investors' behaviors diverged. The inability to transform "loose money" into "loose credit" intensified the structural contradictions in the credit bond market [22][24][25]. - **Credit Bond Financing Fluctuations due to Trade Friction Evolution**: Credit bond financing fluctuated. It declined initially due to trade friction concerns and financial risk prevention policies, then rebounded briefly in early 2018 due to liquidity release policies, and finally decreased again after the addition of tariffs and the implementation of the asset management new rules [29][30]. - **Overall Rise in Credit Bond Yields and Widening of Credit Spreads**: Credit bond yields rose overall, and credit spreads widened. Market concerns about credit risks spread from local industries to the whole market, especially in export - oriented industries. Although the targeted RRR cut in April 2018 curbed risk spread, private enterprise default events increased, and the pricing logic of the credit bond market became more complex [36][37]. - **Initial Appearance of Credit Bond Default Pressure with Wide Industry Distribution**: Credit bond defaults and extensions increased slightly. Defaults were no longer concentrated in traditional over - capacity industries but spread to more sectors. Policy uncertainties affected corporate financing efficiency and solvency [42][43]. Second Stage: Policy Hedging Period (July - November 2018) - **Differentiated Efficiency of Interest - Credit Transmission under Policy Hedging**: As Sino - US trade frictions escalated, domestic policies shifted. The central bank's RRR cut pushed short - term interest rates down, but long - term interest rates rebounded due to factors such as local government bond issuance and CPI increase. The "bull - steep" market of interest - rate bonds and the financing repair of credit bonds diverged [48]. - **Industry Financing Differentiation between Trade Pressure and Domestic Demand Hedging**: Different industries' credit bond financing showed a differentiated trend. Export - oriented industries such as commercial trade and light manufacturing saw a decline in net financing, while the public utility industry benefited from domestic demand support and had an increase in net financing [51]. - **Overall Decline in Credit Bond Yields and Narrow - range Fluctuation of Credit Spreads**: After the formal implementation of tariffs, the market's pricing of trade frictions became less sensitive. Credit bond yields declined, and credit spreads fluctuated within a narrow range. Although trade frictions escalated again in September 2018, the bond market reacted calmly. Low - grade industrial bond credit spreads widened, and the impact of domestic policies on the bond market gradually exceeded external shocks [55]. - **Relative Advantage of Non - standard Bonds of Urban Investment Entities after Trade Friction Upgrade**: Credit bond defaults increased, mainly among private enterprises. Non - standard bonds of non - urban investment entities had a significant increase in default cases, while those of urban investment entities were relatively stable, reflecting the positive role of local policy coordination [61][62]. Third Stage: Wide - Credit Verification Period (December 2018 - April 2019) - **"Time Difference" Game between Liquidity Drive and Credit Repair**: The bond market was driven by both the easing of trade frictions and domestic policy loosening. Although the G20 Summit in December 2018 and the central bank's full - scale RRR cut in January 2019 boosted market sentiment, private enterprise credit spreads remained high. The bond market turned bearish in April 2019 as economic fundamentals improved [69]. - **Differentiated Financing between State - owned and Private Enterprises under Tariff Easing and Policy Loosening**: State - owned enterprises benefited from policy loosening and had an increase in net financing, while private enterprises were still affected by the lagged impact of previous tariffs. Their net financing showed a fluctuating trend [72]. - **Credit Bond Yields Oscillated and Industrial Bond Spreads of Different Industries Differentiated**: As trade frictions eased, credit bond yields oscillated, and credit spreads differentiated. The market logic shifted to fundamental verification. Industries such as electrical equipment and chemical industry, which were affected by tariffs, had a slower credit spread repair than the overall market [74][78]. - **Credit Bond Default Situation Remained Flat Year - on - Year with Insufficient Improvement for Private Enterprises**: During the negotiation easing period, the number of credit bond extensions and defaults remained basically the same as the previous stage. Financial institutions preferred high - credit entities, and private enterprises still faced challenges in financing [81]. Fourth Stage: Resonance Period of Liquidity Stratification and Cross - border Capital Pricing (May 2019 - January 2020) - **Dual Pricing Logic of Credit Risk Events and Foreign Capital Safe - haven**: The takeover of Baoshang Bank in May 2019 led to concerns about liquidity stratification. Foreign capital increased its allocation of interest - rate bonds, and the bond market showed a pattern of safe - haven interest - rate bonds and differentiated credit bonds. The bond market was driven by both "safe - haven sentiment" and "foreign capital allocation" [85]. - **Increased Financing of Urban Investment Bonds with Swinging Trade Friction Expectations**: During the liquidity stratification stage, urban investment bond net financing continued to grow. Regulatory policies relaxed the "borrowing new to repay old" restrictions, and the central bank's policies provided a low - cost replacement space for urban investment platforms [88]. - **Overall Decline in Credit Bond Yields with Intensified Structural Differentiation**: Credit bond yields declined overall, but the market showed intensified structural differentiation. Yields of some industries such as electronics and automobiles increased, while those of infrastructure - related industries remained stable. High - grade state - owned enterprise industrial bond credit spreads narrowed, while those of AA + private enterprise industrial bonds widened [90][93]. - **Credit Bond Defaults under the Prolonged Trade Friction**: Under the continuous impact of trade frictions, credit bond defaults increased, mainly due to factors such as the slowdown of the macro - economic environment, the adjustment of corporate profit growth, and the impact on export - oriented enterprises. Non - standard bonds of urban investment platforms had relatively stable repayment performance [96]. Outlook on Credit Bond Trends in the Current Trade Friction - After the implementation of the 54% tariff policy on April 2, 2025, the credit bond market's core logic shifted. Interest - rate bonds reacted first, and the steep downward movement of the interest - rate curve opened up the valuation space for credit bonds. High - grade varieties are favored, and in the short - term, safe - haven sentiment will dominate. In the medium - term, attention should be paid to economic data and the possible impact of the valuation repair of Chinese dollar - denominated bonds. It is recommended to adopt a strategy of "moderately extending duration" + "moderately lowering credit quality" [100][105].