Group 1 - The recent significant fluctuations in U.S. Treasury yields were primarily triggered by unexpected tariff policies announced by President Trump, leading to a sharp decline and subsequent rise in yields over three distinct phases from March 28 to April 24 [1][20][15] - The first phase saw a decline in yields due to concerns over a potential global economic recession, with 2Y and 10Y Treasury yields dropping by 29 basis points (bps) and 37 bps respectively [20] - The second phase experienced a rapid increase in yields, with 2Y yields rising by 28 bps and 10Y and 30Y yields increasing by 47 bps and 44 bps respectively, marking the largest weekly increases since the tech bubble burst in 2001 and the economic crisis in 1982 [20][15] Group 2 - The recent auction of new U.S. Treasuries faced weak demand, with the 3-year Treasury auction showing the highest tailing spread since the pandemic and the lowest bid-to-cover ratio in nearly three years, raising concerns about demand and liquidity [2][26] - Hedge funds faced significant pressure to close basis trades, leading to substantial selling pressure in the U.S., Europe, and Japan, as the volatility in Treasury futures prices forced traders to liquidate positions [3][29] - Confidence in U.S. dollar assets as a safe haven was undermined, resulting in a simultaneous decline in U.S. equities, bonds, and the dollar, while non-U.S. assets like Japanese and European bonds, as well as gold, benefited from this shift [4][33] Group 3 - Historical analysis shows that since 2007, there have been six significant fluctuations in U.S. Treasury yields, with the first two linked to crises that drove investors to seek safety in Treasuries, resulting in substantial declines in yields [5][40] - The most recent fluctuations in 2020 and 2023 exhibited a similar pattern of initial declines followed by increases, influenced by liquidity crises and strong economic data [5][40] Group 4 - Short-term outlook for U.S. Treasury yields indicates narrow fluctuations with high market vulnerability due to multiple factors, including uncertainties surrounding tariff negotiations and the potential for further volatility in financial markets [6][46] - The medium to long-term outlook suggests a return to a downward trend in yields, contingent on easing tariff uncertainties and a potential resumption of interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve, although concerns over debt sustainability and geopolitical tensions may elevate yield volatility [10][11]

王爷说财经讯：特朗普宣布对等关税后，29万亿美元的美债市场一度差点崩溃！ 为什么会这样？到底发生了什么？美联储官员揪出"幕后凶手"！一起来看看！ 5月12日消息，美国总统——特朗普宣布对等关税后，导致4 月美国29万亿美元的美债市场剧烈波动，30年期美债利率创下1987年来以来最大单周涨幅，那 么为何会这样？ 对此，就在最近，美联储官员、美联储（FED）公开市场操作帐户（SOMA）经理—— 佩里（Roberto Perli）警告，美债近期掀起风暴，与掉期利差有关的 大型杠杆交易（swap-spread trade）突然平仓有关。 众所周知，美国总统——特朗普4 月2 日对多数贸易伙伴宣布征收对等关税，金融市场掀起避险潮，资金涌入美债，但几天后美债利率反转向上，30年期美 债利率一周内暴涨近50个基点，利率来到4.84%，创下1987年以来单周最大涨幅，市场一度掀起美债抛售潮。 对此，美国金融媒体——《市场观察》（Market watch）报道，佩里在一场美联储会议中表示， 造成美债市场动荡的主因，并非市场猜测的基差交易 (basis trade)平仓，可能与掉期利差交易失控有关。 佩里解释称，原本许多杠杆投资 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent volatility in the U.S. Treasury futures market, attributing it to regulatory expectations, particularly regarding the Supplementary Leverage Ratio (SLR) and its impact on swap spreads and market liquidity [4][10][13]. Group 1: U.S. Treasury Market Dynamics - The U.S. Treasury futures market has experienced significant volatility since April, particularly in the 10-year contract, raising concerns about potential large-scale unwinding of basis trades [4][10]. - Analysis of positions and trading data indicates that there is insufficient evidence to suggest a massive unwinding of basis trades, as the open interest in 2Y, 5Y, and 10Y contracts has only decreased by 1%-5%, which is much less than the 15%-25% drop seen during the 2020 pandemic [7][10]. - The current volatility is primarily driven by market expectations regarding regulatory changes, specifically discussions around SLR exemptions, which could affect banks' ability to expand their balance sheets and increase liquidity in the Treasury market [10][13]. Group 2: Chinese Dollar Bond Market Insights - Following the announcement of new tariffs on Chinese products in early April, there has been a notable increase in risk aversion within the Asian dollar bond market, although credit spreads have not widened significantly [14][16]. - The valuation advantage of Chinese dollar bonds has become more pronounced, with the OAS of U.S. investment-grade corporate bonds widening by approximately 20 basis points, while Chinese dollar bonds only widened by about 14 basis points, indicating a potential undervaluation [14][16]. - Despite a downgrade in China's long-term foreign currency issuer rating by Fitch, Chinese dollar bond credit spreads have remained relatively stable, reflecting investor confidence in the credit quality and refinancing risks of Chinese enterprises [16][19]. Group 3: Asset-Backed Securities and Mortgage Market - The U.S. mortgage market has seen tightening credit conditions, particularly affecting ordinary loan applicants, although the overall mortgage availability index has slightly improved due to relaxed restrictions on Jumbo loans [20][21]. - The structural changes in the MBS market, driven by a reduction in government roles in housing finance, suggest a shift towards non-agency and high-net-worth client segments, indicating a need for investors to focus on high-quality MBS assets [23].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the strong performance of the Renminbi (RMB) against the US dollar, with significant movements in the offshore RMB market and implications for the Hong Kong stock market [1][2][4]. Currency Performance - On May 5, the offshore RMB surpassed the 7.20 mark against the US dollar for the first time since November of the previous year, gaining over 100 points in a single day [2]. - The US dollar index fell below the 100 mark, reaching a low of 99.673, reflecting a decline of 8.03% year-to-date [2][3]. Market Reactions - The FTSE China A50 index futures rose sharply, reporting an increase of 0.84% [2]. - The Hong Kong Hang Seng Index rebounded by 1.74% on May 2, closing at 22,504.68 points, driven by the strengthening of the offshore RMB [4]. Economic Policy Insights - According to Jianyin International's chief strategist, the Central Political Bureau's meeting set a positive tone for the market, emphasizing the need for proactive macroeconomic policies to stabilize market expectations [5]. - The strategist anticipates that relevant policies will be implemented by the end of June, with a focus on defensive dividend sectors in investment strategies [5].

美债，风险"解除"了吗？ - 关税"压力测试 "20250429 摘要 • 对等关税落地期间，美国股债汇市场出现"三杀"现象，历史上多次发生， 本次受美联储货币政策剧烈调整影响，加剧市场恐慌。该现象通常预示负 面经济展望，但未必直接导致衰退，需关注引发因素。 • 2020-2024 年美国财政赤字率从 4-5%升至超 7%，支出规模显著提高。 市场对特朗普政策不确定性及更高赤字的担忧，加剧了对美债安全性的质 疑，关税落地期间美债抛售增加。 • 4 月 8 日美债抛售潮中，美国国内资金净流出占比超 60%，海外资金占比 约 40%，其中爱尔兰资金流出具代表性，中国台湾、西班牙、日本亦有贡 献。4 月 11 号后，美债市场流出量开始减少，到 4 月 16 号转为净流入。 • 当前基差交易空头规模达历史高点约 1 万亿美元，对冲基金利用价差交易 做多现货、做空期货，通过回购市场加杠杆。美债期货空头主要集中在五 年期和十年期品种，流动性较好。 • 4 月 2 日至 4 月 23 日期间，海外官方投资者持有的美债规模从约 2.93 万 亿扩大至 2.94 万亿，未进行大规模抛售。海外投资者在美国美债市场中 的占比仍然较 ...

"对等关税"或推高长期美债利率 20250429 • 美国意图通过对等关税增加关税收入、促进出口、推动军备购买、吸引投 资及直接收款，实为变相收取"保护费"，但实际落地可能仅为 10%的最 低基准关税，旨在施压谈判。 • 对等关税公布后，美国资本市场出现股债汇三杀，虽 CPI 数据良好，但市 场反应负面，反映出政策实施受到资本市场波动的制约，高频数据显示基 差交易、日本投资者和公募基金卖出债券是重要因素。 • 中长期来看，对中国以外国家加征 10%的对等关税可能导致美国利差下降， 预计每年美元供给和美元资产需求均减少 2,400 亿美元，其中美债需求每 年将减少超过 1,200 亿美元，对美债市场产生深远影响。 • 股债汇三杀在美国市场发生概率约为 9.8%，通常由对美关税担忧和美元 信用受损预期引发。2025 年 4 月 10 日的三杀事件在历史上排名较高，反 映出资本流出导致外资抛售股票、债券和美元。 • 对等关税政策实施后，美国 10 年期国债收益率在 2025 年 4 月 4 日至 4 月 11 日间上行 47 个基点，为极端走势，发生概率极低，表明大量投资者 抛售国债，市场流动性受到影响。 Q&A ...

Group 1 - The article highlights the significant demand for cold-rolled steel strips (轧硬) in the Boxin region, known as the "hometown of metal sheets in China," where many galvanized and color-coated processing plants are located, primarily focusing on exports [1] - A company, referred to as Company A, operates as a trader of cold-rolled steel strips in Boxin, with a monthly sales volume of 200,000 to 250,000 tons, and maintains a high level of inventory to serve local processing enterprises [2] - Due to market conditions and pricing factors, local processing enterprises have reduced their agreements with steel mills, leading to increased reliance on traders like Company A for procurement [1][2] Group 2 - Company A engaged in a hedging operation using the HC2505 contract to manage its inventory risk, with an initial basis of -160 yuan/ton, as the market faced pressures from various external factors, including U.S. tariff policies [3] - Following the Spring Festival, the demand for cold-rolled steel strips increased, leading to a strong performance in spot prices, while futures prices remained weak due to external influences, resulting in a widening basis to 30 yuan/ton [3] - Company A decided to close its hedging position after analyzing the market, believing that the basis would likely narrow in the future, while also purchasing out-of-the-money put options to further mitigate potential price declines [3] Group 3 - The hedging strategy allowed Company A to avoid risks associated with inventory devaluation after the Spring Festival, resulting in additional profits of several million yuan due to the basis expansion [4] - By investing a small amount in out-of-the-money put options, Company A effectively managed the risk of further price declines without increasing its overall risk exposure [4]

许多离岸对冲基金已经通过基差交易在比特币上赚取收益，而像Ethena这样的加密项目则为小型投资者 提供了通过以太坊基差交易获得回报的机会，目前已吸引了数十亿美元的资金。虽然该基金使用的基差 交易策略风险相对较低，但历史上基差交易也曾因使用过度杠杆而导致重大失误。对此，Coinbase表 示，该基金确实会使用一定程度的杠杆，但杠杆水平将保持在较低范围内。 该基金计划通过Coinbase及"其他合格托管方"来确保基础比特币的安全。Coinbase警告投资者，虽然目 标年化回报率超过4%，但"实际表现可能有重大差异"。不过，该公司同时表示，该基金比那些"承受过 多投资和运营风险"的竞争产品更为安全。 值得一提的是，该基金的种子投资者包括总部位于阿布扎比的私人财富管理平台Aspen Digital。Aspen Digital的首席执行官Elliot Andrews表示："Coinbase是该资产类别中最值得信赖的交易对手，结合投资 者对比特币收益产品的巨大需求，我们期待将这一产品推向私人财富市场。" 该基金将采用一种在其他金融领域常见的所谓"基差交易"(basis trade)策略。在加密货币领域，这一策略 被称为" ...

美债市场近期遭遇抛售，引发市场对美国政府债务的担忧。而在这一风波中， 对冲基金的"相对价值"交易策略(relative-value trades)被推上风口浪尖。 所谓的"相对价值"交易，通常旨在利用美国国债及其相关衍生品合约之间微小的价格差异，加以短期融资市场借入巨额资金，将微薄的利润转化为可观的回 报。 这些基金利用高杠杆，试图从美债及其衍生品之间的微小价格差异中获利， 如"基差交易"或"互换利差交易"，其持仓规模高达1万亿美元，杠杆率高达100 倍。 美债市场的流动性与对冲基金杠杆交易之间存在微妙平衡。根据美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 的最新数据，对冲基金参与政府债务固定收益相对价值交易的规模 约为9040亿美元，这一数字在过去十年中几乎翻了一番。此外，对冲基金在3月中旬净卖空了1.14万亿美元的美债期货，关于基差交易本身的规模估计约为 8000亿美元，其对市场的影响依然巨大。 然而，高杠杆的使用意味着即使是小幅度的价格波动，也可能引发大规模的平仓，加剧市场波动。对于这个为美国政府融资、历史上充当全球金融安全避风港 并影响几乎所有其他证券定价的市场来说，是一个危险的发展。 4月8日一场疲软的美国国债拍 ...

以下文章来源于GTJAI宏观研究 ，作者张潇子骄、詹春立 GTJAI宏观研究 . 国泰君安国际首席经济学家 来源 | 张潇子骄 詹春立 来源 | GTJAI宏观研究 编辑 | 杨兰 审核 | 浦电路交易员 美债市场4月初遭遇显著抛售，基差交易（Basis Trade）平仓成为关键推动因素。该策略通过做多美债现货同时做空利率互换（IRS） 或国债期货的衍生品，利用两者收益率价差的历史收敛性获利。在"现券-互换"基差交易中，交易者构建久期中性组合，依托回购市场 20倍以上杠杆，以接近SOFR的成本获取融资，通过国债与互换固定利率间的价差实现较高年化收益。但该策略高度依赖市场流动性并 需押注掉期利差正向扩大预期，在宏观冲击下利差反向走阔可能引发本金大幅亏损，凸显其系统性脆弱特征。 高杠杆基差交易出现非线性溃败，引发美债市场抛售危机。在特朗普政府升级关税、主权减持预期、通胀担忧及拍卖疲软等多重利空 下，长端国债收益率快速攀升，而利率互换市场因银行资本约束反应滞后，导致Swap Spread反向扩大，与基差交易方向形成致命背 离。在20倍以上杠杆下，对冲基金面临保证金追缴被迫抛售国债并平仓互换空头，致10年期收益率两日 ...